The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the head institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center - the oldest and leading breeding organization for vegetable crops, better known in the scientific and socio-economic spheres of the Russian Federation by its historical name - VNIISSOK. The center's activity dates back to the creation in 1920 of the Gribovskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station, where, under the leadership of Professor Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, a theoretical and practical basis for the development of domestic breeding was laid. In 1970, the experimental station was transformed into the AllUnion Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, and in 1992 into the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Over the years, breeding methods have been developed and improved, including modern biotechnological methods, using molecular marking and interspecies hybridization. The results obtained during this period reflect the traditions of scientific schools and approaches laid down by scientists-breeders, seed growers, vegetable growers, flower growers, both in the field of basic research, and in the creation of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. The organizational and structural reform of breeding institutions carried out in 2017 contributed to the formation of the Federal scientific vegetable center (FSBSI FSVC), which includes VNIISSOK as the parent organization and 8 branches located in various ecological and geographical zones. At a new stage of development, the FSBSI FSVC continues its glorious traditions. Scientists have obtained world-class results in basic research and competitive selection achievements in priority applied research. The scientific results and structural changes that have occurred over the hundred-year period of the breeding establishment are the foundation for the further development of the vegetable science in the country.

The regular inclusion of green vegetables in the diet is beneficial to human. In Russia the main time manufacture and consumption of fresh vegetable production falls in the June-October. Seasonality of consumption of vegetables may lower the conveyor production using secure ground, as well as the introduction of a larger number of species in the production of vegetable crops. One of the priority directions of the development of greenhouse vegetable production is the introduction of hydroponic technologies, including longline. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center has passed the test of cultivars of lettuce, rocket salad, mustard leaf and watercress breeding laboratory of green and spicy taste cultures on multi-level narrow column hydroponics (MUG). It is shown that when grown on the installation of MUG, it is possible to obtain ecologically safe and valuable spicyflavoring and salad green products. The studied varieties are looking not only for growing hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season. The studied varieties are promising not only for growing on hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season.

Relevance. Fermentation makes it possible to improve the properties of the final product, increase its nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics. It has been scientifically proven that the use of fermented foods (with high nutritional and biological value) on a regular basis has a positive effect on human health, increases immunity, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Dry fermented products with a long shelf life can be recommended as part of the diet in space.   The aim is to creation of a dry base for fermented long-term storage beverages based on cabbage and table carrots, applicable in the diet of space nutrition.   Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic variety of carrot table Margosha, and the dry fermented products obtained from them.   Results. It was found that, according to biochemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the domestic hybrid of white cabbage F1 Severyanka and the domestic carrot variety Margosha are suitable for various types of processing, including fermentation and manufacture of dried fermented products. The comparison of the number of microorganisms in fermented cabbage and cabbage dehydrated by LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) and VFD (vacuum freeze drying methods was carried out. The survival rate of microorganisms was 1.62 times higher in LTVD. The ways of accelerating the fermentation process of table carrots are considered. The expediency of using starter cultures obtained on the basis of the fermented product has been confirmed. It has been found that using starter cultures in the form of a fermented product dried by the LTVD method accelerates fermentation and allows you to reach the desired pH level 1.33 times faster than the base one and does not affect the final organoleptic characteristics.

The article examines the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020. The quarantine measures introduced by the countries continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for food products and raw materials for their production decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The growth in the physical volumes of export of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation did not lead to a corresponding increase in revenue. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. At the same time, the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. Difficulties encountered in implementation. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.

Relevance. The structure of the food market is represented by various types of products, of which the largest share is taken by the fruit and vegetable sector. In the conditions of a tense political situation in the world and the establishment of barriers in foreign trade, agriculture is a strategically important branch of the Russian economy. Today, the fruit and vegetable sector of the Russian economy does not fully satisfy the needs of the population for vegetables and fruits. This is evidenced by the fact that the domestic market does not provide the population with high-quality vegetables and fruits, creates favorable conditions for filling it with foreign goods, which constitute about 35% of the consumer basket of Russians. All this leads to the need for additional analysis to identify trends in the development of the Russian market for fruits and vegetables and to identify priority areas for its development.Methods. The purpose of the article is to conduct an analysis of the main trends in the development of the Russian fruit and vegetable market, in order to determine the priority areas of its operation. The basis of the study was the statistical data of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation on the import and export of fruits and vegetables, as well as the federal service of state statistics on the volumes of production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Russia.Results. As a result of the analysis of the state of the fruit and vegetable market in Russia in 2011-2018, carried out in the article. It can be stated that the population is experiencing a shortage of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Over the past eight years, imports exceeded exports in the structure of commodity circulation of fruits and vegetables, which indicates the dependence of the national market on foreign goods. The state of the fruit and vegetable market is influenced by the following factors: the level of development of the logistics infrastructure, material and technical equipment of enterprises, as well as the presence of sanctions and counter sanctions.

Problems of proper nutrition and health of citizens are becoming increasingly important every year. A significant number of chronic non-communicable diseases have been observed in Russia and its regions for several years. Thus, according to the Territorial body of the Federal state statistics service for the Irkutsk region in 2017, the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system was 615 people per 100 thousand people, 218 people per 100 thousand people died from neoplasms. The reason for the increase in the incidence of population researchers believe the change in socio-economic structure, lifestyle and diet. At the same time, the President of the Russian Federation defined the task of achieving the average life expectancy of Russians at the level of 78 years in the may Decree of 2018. Currently, for the Irkutsk region, this figure is at the level of only 69 years and at the current rate of growth by 2024 will reach only 75 years. In this regard, we need a set of measures aimed at improving the health, living and working conditions of citizens of the country, which can be implemented, including through ensuring a normal diet of life and consumption of basic products, including vegetables, at a level not lower than the rational norms of their consumption. The article presents an assessment of the capacity and potential of the market of vegetable products on the materials of the Irkutsk region, the main producers, exporters, importers of vegetables, the forecast of shortage of vegetables. Social efficiency in achieving the proposed performance indicators will be determined by increasing the life expectancy of the population, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with malnutrition, and the ratio of the obtained favorable social results to the costs to achieve them. Economic efficiency will be expressed by assessing the impact of the results achieved in the framework of program activities on the formation of the gross product, ensuring the dynamics of economic growth and increasing productivity, as stated in the presidential decree and Federal national projects until 2024. The practical application of vegetable demand calculations in accordance with rational consumption norms can be used in the process of marketing research to identify the potential market entry of new players or increase the production of fresh vegetables by their existing producers.

Against the backdrop of the slow recovery of the world economy from the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, the world community is to find a new model of interaction and create new mechanisms for economic development. In the course of integrating the Chinese economy into the world economy, China is ready to assume more international responsibilities and obligations in accordance with its capabilities, including in the field of providing the population with food. The history of reforming the food market in general and the vegetable market in particular began in the PRC in 1978 from the countryside and in 2017 reached the world scale in the framework of creating international economic relations under the project "One belt – one way". The article deals with the development of the vegetable market in China, ensuring safety and high quality standards of vegetables in the country, as well as the direction of international development of China's economic relations in the course of solving the problem of providing the population with food. As a result of the research, the development of the vegetable market in China was revealed.

Vegetables are vital foods that determine the health and longevity of the population. Development of greenhouse vegetable production, introduction of new technology solves the problem of overcoming the seasonality in vegetable consumption. According to projections The Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the area of the greenhouses to the 2020 will be 4 700 hectares and production of greenhouse vegetables will increase to 1,7 million tonnes per year. Thus, The State believes the real increase area of greenhouses and gross harvest of vegetables protected soil in more than 3 times. Many greenhouses began to transfer cultivation of vegetables with little ground volume technology, modern facilities, equipped with one seedlings shelving units are a variety a hydroponic cultivation methods. Use shelving with Jacob’s platform allows to increase the utilization ratio of effective area of greenhouse to 0,85 and considerably facilitates the hard work of greenhouse working. Modern technology the growing seedlings on tables significantly different from the traditional technology, allowing us to get planting material of better quality during short period after sowing. New conveyor hydroponic technologies allow us to grow ecologically safe products, reducing its cost. These technologies require new varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops high intensification of production. Along with the growth of vegetable yields, which will combined with a reduction in labor costs per unit of output and lower its cost, particular attention must be paid their biological value.

The features  of cultivation and storage  of seed collections of the gene pool of vegetable crops have been studied. Elements to improve growing techniques  of seeds  for dispatch for long term storage  are offered. The optimal conditions for storage  of vegetable seeds  of the gene bank are found. The features of conservation of the collection of vegetative propagated  vegetable crops have been analyzed.

The results of VNIISSOK reproduction of vegetable seeds are given. The basic problems in seed production of vegetable crops are shown.