Relevance. Evaluation of nutritional value of seeds of agricultural crops is considered to be highly significant for revealing new sources of antioxidants for humans.Material. The aim of the present investigation was antioxidant status and selenium accumulation levels by chicory seeds (13 cultivars) and comparison of the results with antioxidants status of seeds of other root vegetables: celery (5 cultivars), parsley (2 cultivars), parsnip (3 cultivars) and carrot (7 cultivars).Results. Among agricultural crops studied chicory was characterized by 3-4 higher levels of selenium accumulation by seeds and relatively low total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Anomalously high protein content in chicory seeds may explain the efficiency of selenium accumulation while relatively low antioxidant activity may be connected with lower levels of essential oil. Direct correlations between polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were demonstrated for carrot (r=+0.924; P<0.01) and chicory (r= 0.803; P<0.01) seeds.

Оценка пищевой ценности семян с.-х. культур важна для выявления новых значимых источников антиоксидантов для человека. Цель исследования - установление показателей антиоксидантного статуса и накопления селена семян цикория корневого (13 сортов) и сравнение полученных результатов с данными антиоксидантного статуса семян других корнеплодных культур: сельдерея (5 сортов), петрушки (2 сорта), пастернака (3 сорта) и моркови (7 сортов). Установлено, что по сравнению с другими исследованными культурами цикорий накапливает в семенах в 3-4 раза больше селена (от 92 до 153 мкг/кг сухой массы в зависимости от сорта против 13-89 мкг/кг сухой массы). Одновременно для цикория характерна сравнительно низкая общая антиоксидантная активность и умеренное содержание полифенолов. Аномально высокое содержание белка в семенах может явиться причиной легкого накопления микроэлемента селена, в то время как невысокий уровень антиоксидантной активности может быть связан с более низким содержанием эфирных масел. Выявлена прямая корреляция между содержанием полифенолов и общей антиоксидантной активностью для семян моркови (r=+0.924; P меньше 0.01) и цикория (r= 0.803; P меньше 0.01). Сделан вывод о перспективности использования семян цикория в пищевой промышленности и в медицине не только как источника белка, но и как источника микроэлемента селена. | Evaluation of nutritional value of seeds of agricultural crops is significant for revealing new sources of antioxidants for humans. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the antioxidant status and selenium accumulation levels by chicory seeds (13 cultivars) and comparison of the results with antioxidants status of seeds of other root vegetables: celery (5 cultivars), parsley (2 cultivars), parsnip (3 cultivars) and carrot (7 cultivars). It has been found that as compared to other studied crops chicory accumulates in seeds by 3-4 more of selenium (from 92 to 153 mic/kg of dry matter depending on the variety against 13-89 mic/kg of dry matter). At the same time chicory is characterized by relatively low total antioxidant activity and moderate polyphenol content. Anomalously high protein content in chicory seeds may explain the efficiency of selenium accumulation while relatively low antioxidant activity may be connected with lower levels of essential oil. Direct correlations between polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were demonstrated for carrot (r=+0.924; P less than 0.01) and chicory (r= 0.803; P less 0.01) seeds. A conclusion has been made about promising viability of using chicory seeds in food industry and in medicine not only as a protein source, but also selenium source.

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

В настоящее время для производства консервированного 'зеленого горошка' (семян гороха, убранного в фазу молочной спелости) используются сорта со средним размером семян. Актуально создание сортов с массой 1000 семян менее 150 г для производства консервов премиум-класса. Исследования проводили в Московской области. Объектом исследований служили линии гибридов гороха овощного разных групп спелости с низкой массой 1000 семян. На начальном этапе работы были отобраны растения с низкой массой 1000 семян и зеленым цветом семядолей и в течение нескольких лет доведены до константных линий. В годы отборов имели место погодные условия с резкими перепадами температур и осадков. Это позволило по совокупности признаков выделить образцы с низкой вариабельностью селектируемых признаков. В 2018-2019 гг. выделенные линии изучали по признакам продуктивности и технологичности в период технической спелости в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания гороха овощного. Для определения продолжительности периода технической спелости и её связи с урожайностью, уборку зеленого горошка проводили в три срока, начиная с минимальных показателей плотности (34-35 единиц) и с интервалом в трое суток. При определении фракционного состава зеленого горошка выделился образец 4.12, который получил сортовое название Смайлик. Зеленый горошек этого сорта имел достаточно высокую выравненность и мелкий диаметр зерна с преобладанием фракций 5-8,5 мм и 8,6-9,9 мм. Образец 12.12 по своим показателям был близок к Смайлику. По результатам конкурсного сортоиспытания сорт Смайлик в 2019 году был передан на Государственное сортоиспытание РФ. | At present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned 'green peas (pea seeds harvested in the milky ripeness phase. It is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food. The study was carried out in the Moscow region. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, and which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State Crop Variety Testing of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. Dill is a popular food and medicinal crop (Anethum graveolens L.) of the Celery family (Apiaceae). Seeds of dill are included in the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. However, this crop is characterized by a relatively low yield, which reduces the efficiency of its production. The use of environmentally friendly growth-regulating compounds can significantly increase the yield and improve its quality. As a growth-regulating, foliar treatment with a solution of the amino acid glycine was tested. The amino acid glycine is environmentally friendly and does not pose a danger to humans and animals. The aim of the work was to increase the productivity of garden dill using foliar treatments with glycine amino acid.Materials and methods. Dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony were chosen as objects to study the effect of the foliar treatments with glycine. Sowing of seeds was carried out at an early date, which for the conditions of the Lipetsk region corresponds to the first decade of April, with a SZT-3.6 seeder with 15 cm row spacing. The seeding rate was 15 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 1-2 cm. were Treatment with glycine solution was achieved in plants rosette phase. The concentration of glycine was 25, 50 and 100 mg / l. The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The crop was cut during the period of brown seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined by the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (method 1). The content of the main components was determined by gas chromatography.Results. As a result of the research, a positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine on both yield and the content of essential oil in the raw material of dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony was revealed. As a result of treatments, regardless of concentration, the seeds yield and the yield of essential oil per unit area increased. The increase in the mass of 1000 pieces of fruits was not unambiguous. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of amino acid glycine is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions, when, depending on the conditions during the processing period and prior to harvesting, different aspects of the drug's action appear. According to the results of observations for 2 years and an assessment by the sum of the indicators, the optimal concentration of glycine in most cases was 100 mg / l, at the same time, for the Symphony variety for two years, two-foliar treatment with low concentrations of glycine (10 mg / l rosette + 10 mg / l budding).

Укроп огородный (Anethum graveolens L.) является востребованной пищевой и лекарственной культурой , но его урожайность относительно низкая Применение экологически безопасных рострегулирующих соединений позволяет существенно повысить урожай и улучшить его качество. Испытана эффективность некорневой обработки безопасным для человека и окружающей среды раствором аминокислоты глицин. Действие препарата изучали на сортах укропа огородного Грибовский и Симфония, которые возделывают на семена и зелень соответственно. Опыты проводили в Липецкой обл. в 2019 и 2020 гг. Посев проводили в ранние сроки (1-я декада апреля), сеялкой СЗТ-3,6 с междурядьями 15 см. Норма высева составляла 15 кг/га, глубина заделки семян – 1-2 см. Обработку растений раствором глицина в концентрациях 25, 50 и 100 мг/л проводили в фазе розетки. Контрольные посевы опрыскивали дистиллированной водой. Срезку проводили в период побурения семян на центральном зонтике. Содержание эфирного масла определяли методом гидродщистиляции, компонентный состав - методом газовой хроматографии. Выявлено положительное влияние внекорневых обработок глицином как на урожайность (достигавшую 11-15 ц/га у сорта Грибовский и 8-10 ц/га у сорта Симфония), так и на содержание эфирного масла в сырье (4-5% при минимальном требовании фармакопейной статьи 2%). В результате обработок независимо от концентрации повышалась урожайность и выход эфирного масла с единицы площади. Увеличение массы 1000 штук плодов было не однозначным. Исходя из полученных результатов, эффективная концентрация препарата определяется не только особенностями сорта, но и погодными условиями. По результатам наблюдений в течение 2 лет и оценке результата по сумме показателей оптимальная концентрация глицина для сорта Грибовский составила 100 мг/л, а для сорта Симфония в более эффективной была двукратная обработка раствором глицина с низкими концентрациями (10 мг/л в фазу розетки + 10 мг/л в фазу бутонизации). | Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is a popular food and medicinal crop, but its yield is relatively low. The use of environmentally friendly growth-regulating compounds can significantly increase the yield and improve its quality. The efficiency of foliar treatment a human and environmentally friendly amino acid glycine solution was tested. The effect of the preparation was studied on dill varieties 'Gribovsky' and 'Symphony', which are cultivated for seeds and greens, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the Lipetsk region in 2019 and 2020. Sowing was carried out at an early date (the 1st decade of April), with a SZT-3.6 seeder with 15 cm row spacing. The seeding rate was 15 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 1-2 cm. Treatment with glycine solution in concentrations of 25, 50 и 100 mg/l was carried out in the rosette phase. The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The crop was cut during the period of brown seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined by hydrodistillation. The content of the main components was determined by gas chromatography. A positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine on both yield (achieved 11-15 dt/ha in the variety 'Gribovsky' and 8-10 dt/ha in the variety 'Symphony') and the content of essential oil in the raw material (4-5% wity minimal requirement of pharmacopoeial item of 2%) was revealed. As a result of treatments, regardless of concentration, the seeds yield and the yield of essential oil per unit area increased. The increase in the mass of 1000 pieces of fruits was not unambiguous. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of amino acid glycine is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions. According to the results of observations for 2 years and an assessment by the sum of the indicators the optimal concentration of glycine was 100 mg/l for the Gribovsky variety, two-foliar treatment with a glycine solution with low concentrations (10 mg/l in the rosette phase + 10 mg/l in the budding phase) was more effective for the Symphony variety.

Relevance. Lettuce (Latin: Lactúca satíva) is a species of annual herbaceous plant in the genus Lettuce of the Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere in the world, and its hydroponic cultivation technology has received special development in recent years. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several important cultivated plants. In this regard, the study of the occurrence of this pathogen is important.Material and methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Agrobiotechnology of the ATI of RUDN University. The samples were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages: isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria.Results. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii in the hydroponic culture of lettuce in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, but isolated bacteria are not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent a group of bacteria specialized in lettuce.

Салат посевной, латук посевной или салат латук (Lactuca sativa L.) – вид однолетних травянистых растений рода Латук семейства Астровые (Asteraceae), широко культивируемый повсеместно, в т.ч. в защищенном грунте по гидропонной технологии. Одним из распространенных патогенов салата является Pseudomonas cichorii – возбудитель бактериозов ряда культурных растений. Образцы были предоставлены коммерческой компанией – производителем салата, выращиваемого на проточной гидропонной линии в условиях минимального заражения микроорганизмами. Изучение фитопатогенных бактерий включало ряд этапов: выделение бактерий на полу-селективные питательные среды и получение чистой культуры бактерий; постановка теста на патогенность (вирулентность); изучение фенотипических свойств бактерий; определение таксономического положения выделенных штаммов молекулярными методами. Все исследования проводили в соответствии со стандартными методиками идентификации фитопатогенных бактерий. В результате получено подтверждение распространения вида Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 в гидропонной культуре салата в РФ. По данным Европейско-средиземноморской организации по защите растений, P. cichorii был впервые описан в России в 1965 г. на основании микробиологических методов идентификации, однако выделенные изоляты сейчас не доступны в коллекциях для подтверждения этого вывода современными диагностическими методами. Двенадцать изолятов P. cichorii были изучены по комплексу биохимических признаков и 4 изолята (01, 04, 06 и 12), показавшие наибольшую агрессивность при проведении инокуляции растений-хозяев и табака, были использованы для секвенирования ДНК фрагмента гена 16S рРНК. Полученные фрагменты ДНК показали высокое сходство (99-100%) с последовательностями P. cichorii из Генбанка. Оценка вирулентности выделенных изолятов на ряде культурных растений, и однородность их биохимических признаков показали, что они представляют группу бактерий, специализированных на салате. | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous species of the genus Lettuce, Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere, including hydroponically. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several other crops. The samples for the research were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages, namely isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 in the hydroponic lettuce culture in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, isolated bacteria are currently not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent the lettuce specialized bacteria group.

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Federal Scientific Vegetable Center' (FSBSI FSVC) is the leader in the field of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases are carried out, as well as plant pest and disease control methods are developed. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. The environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds having adaptogenic properties are developed. A new research direction in the center is the creation of vegetable crop varieties having increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The keeping quality of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots depending on the biochemical composition has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. The technologies for the cultivation and seed production of new varieties and hybrids are created. There were established the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocoenoses (crop rotation; tillage, fertilizer application and plant protection systems). In general, all work of the FSBSI FSVC is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation. | Федеральное государственное бюджетной научное учреждение 'Федеральный научный центр овощеводства' (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) – лидер в области селекции и семеноводства овощных культур. Основная цель селекционно-семеноводческой работы этой организации – создание и размножение сортов и гибридов овощебахчевых культур нового поколения, отличающихся устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим стрессорам, высокой продуктивностью и качеством продукции. Успехи достигнуты в создании гомозиготных линий капусты, кабачка, огурца, моркови. Впервые удалось завершить полный цикл получения удвоенных гаплоидов редиса в культуре микроспор in vitrо. Ведутся иммунологические исследования устойчивости культур и новых сортов к заболеваниям, разрабатываются методы защиты растений от вредителей и болезней. Ежегодно проводится фитосанитарный мониторинг, оценка и отбор устойчивых генотипов. Идет разработка экологически безопасных средств на основе препаратов, полученных из растений с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений-адаптогенов. Новое направление исследований – создание сортов овощных растений с повышенным содержанием биологически активных веществ и антиоксидантов, для производства продуктов функционального назначения. Изучается хранимоспособность современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой в зависимости от биохимического состава. Разрабатываются способы обогащения овощных культур микронутриентами. Создаются технологии возделывания и семеноводства новых сортов и гибридов. На филиалах ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенных в различных почвенно-климатических условиях, заложены стационары по изучению взаимодействия факторов управления плодородием почв и продуктивностью овощных культур в агроценозах (севооборот, системы обработки почв, удобрений и защиты растений). В целом, исследования ФГБНУ ФНЦО направлены на разработку и усовершенствование приемов в селекции и семеноводстве овощных культур, создание новых селекционных достижений и разработку сортовых технологий их возделывания.

Relevance and methods. In some Umbelliferae crops, the ratio of the parameters of the seed (the relative length of the embryo) has a significant effect on the ability of seeds to germinate. We studied 10 coriander samples, which showed significant differences in the degree of severity of the main morphological parameters, including the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo.Results. The indicators of the hybrid 5/19 and the variety Stimul significantly exceeded the average value of the population in the length of the seed at 1%, and the sample of the local population from Azerbaijan had the lowest indicator at the 5% level of significance. The endosperm length of the hybrid 5/19, the variety Stimul and the sample of the local population of Egypt exceeded the level of the indicator on average in the experiment. According to the length of the embryo, the Nectar variety, hybrid 5/19 and samples from Egypt and Azerbaijan were at the level of the average value for the experiment. The largest embryo (1.063±0.04) was distinguished by the Commander variety. Four samples significantly exceeded, and the hybrid 11/19 were lower than the average value. Depending on the variety, the coefficient of variation of indicators varied for the length of the embryo (13.9-19.1%), the length of the endosperm (16.4-20.4%) and the length of the seed (15.7-22.1%). The maximum value (0.377) of the IZ/E index, which characterizes the ratio of the size of the embryo and endosperm, was observed in the Commander variety. A close correlation was found between the length of the seed and the length of the endosperm, the correlation coefficient varied from r=0.640 in the Stimul variety to r=0.981 in a sample of the local population of Egypt. A weak or medium correlation was observed between the length of the embryo on the one hand and the length of the endosperm (0.026-0.393) and the seed (0.090 – -0.132) on the other. For the IE/S index, which characterizes the ratio of endosperm size to seed size, the limits (0.893-0.988) of variability were significantly lower. The maximum index (0.988) was found in a sample from Egypt.

In some Umbelliferae crops, the relative length of the germ may significantly influence the ability of seeds to germinate especially in extreme conditions. There were studied 10 coriander samples, which showed significant differences in the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo. The hybrid 5/19 and the variety Stimul of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing (FSC VG) significantly exceeded the average value of the population in the length of the seed at 1% significance level, and the sample of the local population from Azerbaijan had the lowest indicator at the 5% level of significance. The endosperm length of the hybrid 5/19, the variety Stimul and the sample of the local population of Egypt exceeded the level of the indicator on average in the experiment. According to the length of the embryo, the Nectar variety, hybrid 5/19 and samples from Egypt and Azerbaijan were at the level of the average experiment value. The largest embryo (1.063±0.04) was represented by the Commander variety. Four samples significantly exceeded, and the hybrid 11/19 was lower than the average value. Depending on the variety, the coefficient of variation of indicators varied for the length of the embryo (13.9-19.1%), the length of the endosperm (16.4-20.4%) and the length of the seed (15.7-22.1%). The maximum value (0.377) of the IZ/E index, which characterizes the ratio of the size of the embryo and endosperm, was observed in the Commander variety. A close correlation was found between the length of the seed and the length of the endosperm, the correlation coefficient varied from r=0.640 in the Stimul variety to r=0.981 in a sample of the local population of Egypt. A weak or medium correlation was observed between the length of the embryo and the length of the endosperm (0.026-0.393) and the seed (0.090–0.132). For the IE/S index, which characterizes the ratio of endosperm size to seed size, the limits of indicator variability (0.893-0.988) were significantly lower. The maximum index (0.988) was found in the sample from Egypt. The length of seed, endosperm and germ may be considered as independent selectively significant traits. The variety Stimul is of outstanding interest for selection. | У некоторых зонтичных культур относительная длина зародыша может существенно повлиять на способность семени к прорастанию, особенно в экстремальных условиях. Изучено 10 образцов кориандра, между которыми выявлены существенные различия по длине семени, эндосперма и зародыша. Гибрид 5/19 и сорт Стимул селекции Федерального научного центра овощеводства (ФНЦО) существенно превышали среднее значение популяции по длине семени при 1%-ном уровне значимости, а образец местной популяции из Азербайджана имел наименьший показатель при 5%-ном уровне значимости. По длине эндосперма гибрид 5/19 (ФНЦО), сорт Стимул и образец местной популяции из Египта превышали уровень показателя в среднем по опыту. По длине зародыша сорт Нектар, гибрид 5/19 (ФНЦО) и образцы из Египта и Азербайджана находились на уровне среднего значения по опыту. Наиболее крупным зародышем (1,063±0,04) отличался сорт Коммандер. Четыре образца существенно превышали, а гибрид 11/19 (ФНЦО) уступал среднему значению. В зависимости от сорта коэффициент вариации показателей изменялся для длины зародыша (13,9-19,1%), длины эндосперма (16,4-20,4 %) и длины семени (15,7-22,1%). Максимальное значение (0,377) индекса IЗ/Э, характеризующего отношение размер зародыша и эндосперма, отмечено у сорта Коммандер. Тесная корреляционная связь выявлена между длиной семени и длиной эндосперма, коэффициент корреляции менялся от r=0,640 у сорта Стимул до r=0,981 у образца местной популяции Египта. Слабая или средняя корреляционная зависимость отмечена между длиной зародыша и длиной эндосперма (0,026-0,393) и семени (от -0,132 до 0,424). Для индекса IЭ/С, характеризующего соотношение размеров эндосперма и семени, пределы изменчивости показателя (0,893-0,988) оказались значительно меньше, максимум (0,988) отмечен у образца из Египта. Длина семени, эндосперма и зародыша могут рассматриваться как независимые селекционно значимые признаки. Наибольший интерес для селекции представляет сорт Стимул.

Relevance. The year-round provision of the population of our country with fresh vegetable products remainsis relevant. The creation and widespread implementation of high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative technologies for growing plants in intensive light culture, including the development of new-generation root-dwelling environments, low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil and systems for providing plants with water and mineral nutrition elements, is one of the promising ways to solve this problem.The purpose. Assessment of the influence of root environment conditions on the production process of cucumber plants in intensive light culture is the aim of our work.Methods. The research was carried out under controlled conditions of intensive artificial-light culture, when growing a hybrid of cucumber Tristan F1 by using of low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary and by drip irrigation with the use of plant growing light equipment developed at Agrophysical Institute.Results. Evaluation of the influence of the conditions of the root environment - alow-volume analogue of the soil based on high-moor peat – agrophyte and a thin-layer analog of the soil based on a clay suspension with a feed of nutrient solution through a slit capillary, on the production process of cucumber plants showed that in comparison with the control – a low-volume analog of the soil-agrophyte with a feed of nutrient solution by drip irrigation, there is growth acceleration of the cucumber hybrid Tristan F1 in the form of a positive trend and reliable values; as well as a significant increase in the number of fruits by 38-43%, the weight of fruits by 52-53% from the plant; an increase in the accumulation of raw by 38-40% and dry weight by 27-32% by cucumber leaves; an increase in the leaf surface area by 38-40%, leaf water content by 7.3- 9.6%; a significant or positive trend increase in the content of calcium in cucumber fruits by 18-29%, magnesium by 20-29%, iron by 5-16%, vitamin C by 17-23%, while the content of heavy metals and nitrates does not exceed exceeded the MPC in all variants. Methods of growing plants on low-volume and thin - layer analogs of soil with the supply of a nutrient solution to the roots through a slit capillary can be recommended for any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive light culture.

Создание и широкое внедрение наукоёмких автоматизированных фитотехкомплексов на основе инновационных технологий выращивания растений в интенсивной светокультуре, включающих разработку корнеобитаемых сред нового поколения, малообъёмных и тонкослойных аналогов почвы и систем обеспечения растений водой и элементами минерального питания – один из перспективных путей решения проблемы круглогодичного обеспечения населения овощной продукцией. Цель работы - оценка влияния условий корнеобитаемой среды на продукционный процесс растений огурца в интенсивной светокультуре. Исследования проводили при выращивании партенокарпического гибрида огурца Тристан F1 на аналогах почвы в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных Институтом агрофизики. Использовали субстрат Агрофит на основе верхового торфа (малообъёмный аналог почвы) и суспензию из кембрийской глины, нанесенную на пористую гидрофильную ткань (тонкослойный аналог почвы). Питательный раствор к корням растений подавали по щелевому капилляру гидрофильной ткани (опыт) или методом капельного полива (контроль). При использовании тонкослойного аналога почвы и подаче питательного раствора по щелевому капилляру наблюдали ускорение развития гибрида огурца Тристан F1. Выявлено статистически достоверное увеличение числа плодов на 38-43%, массы плодов на 52-53% с растения; увеличение накопления сырой на 38-40% и сухой массы на 27- 32% листьями огурца; увеличение площади листовой поверхности на 38-40%, обводнённости листьев на 7,3-9,6%; достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение содержания в плодах огурца кальция (на 18-29%), магния (на 20-29%), железа (на 5-16%), витамина С (на 17-23%); при этом содержание тяжёлых металлов и нитратов не превышало ПДК во всех вариантах. Методы выращивания растений на малообъёмных и тонкослойных аналогах с поступлением питательного раствора к корням по щелевому капилляру могут быть рекомендованы для применения в любых культивационных сооружениях в условиях интенсивной светокультуры. | The creation and widespread implementation of high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative technologies for growing plants in intensive photoculture, including the development of new-generation root-dwelling environments, low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil and systems for providing plants with water and mineral nutritional elements, is one of the promising ways to solve this problem. The purpose of the work is to assess the influence of root environment conditions on the production process of cucumber plants in intensive photoculture is the aim of our work. The research was carried out by growing parthenocarpous hybrid of cucumber Tristan F1 on the soil counterparts in vegetation photo-installations developed by the Agrophysical Institute. There was used a substrate Agrofit, high-moor peat, low-volume soil counterpart and a Cambrianclay suspension applied to a porous hygrophilous fabric (thin-layer soil counterpart). A nutritional solution to plant roots was supplied through a slit capillary of hygrophilous fabric (experiment) or by drip irrigation (control). When using the thin-layer soil counterpart and supplying nutritional solution through a slit capillary there was observed a growth acceleration of the cucumber hybrid Tristan F1. There was revealed a significant increase in the number of fruits by 38-43%, the weight of fruits by 52-53% from the plant; an increase in the accumulation of raw by 38-40% and dry weight by 27-32% by cucumber leaves; an increase in the leaf surface area by 38-40%, leaf water content by 7.3- 9.6%; a significant or positive trend increase in the content of calcium in cucumber fruits by 18-29%, magnesium by 20-29%, iron by 5-16%, vitamin C by 17-23%, while the content of heavy metals and nitrates does not exceed exceeded the MPC in all variants. Methods of growing plants on low-volume and thin-layer soil counterparts with the supply of a nutrient solution to the roots through a slit capillary can be recommended for use in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive photoculture.

Relevance. High voltage electric power transmission lines (HVEPTL) cover a fairly large area of agricultural land all over the world. Investigations of electromagnetic field effect on growth and development of plants are held in various countries. The reaction of individual plant species and even varieties to the electromagnetic field manifests itself in different ways. The network of HVEPTL is growing steadily in our region as well. Nevertheless, information about the effect of the electromagnetic field on bean plants is rather scares. The aim of the present work was to evaluate HVEPTL effect on the growth and development of vegetable beans, depending on the intensity of the electromagnetic field.Material and Methods. The work was achieved on green beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Sakfit, Pagoda, MBZ 556, Arishka cvs) grown in conditions of different electromagnetic field values under HVEPTL. Biometrical parameters, plant productivity, yield, dry matter, photosynthetic pigments content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were determined.Results. In the ranges of electric field values from (5-10) to (400-440) B/m and magnetic field from 0 to 0.53 μT a beneficial effect of electromagnetic field on accumulation of leaves photosynthetic pigments (15-65% increase of chlorophyll а and 6-52% increase of chlorophyll b), polyphenol content (increase up to 17%), antioxidant activity (1-15% increase), and dry matter content (2,5-11% increase) and beans ascorbic acid levels (12-28% increase) were registered. Accordingy, increased plants growth, development and productivity were demonstrated. Peculiarities of beans plants grown under HVEPTL included decrease leaves carotene levels at electric field level of 60-100 B/m (70 m form HVEPTL), and lack of correlation between chlorophyll and carotene in leaves and total antioxidant activity and phenolics content at the stage of technical ripening.

High voltage electric power transmission lines (HVEPTL) cover a fairly large area of agricultural land all over the world, therefore, experimental investigations of electromagnetic field effect on growth and development of plants are carried out in various countries. Information about the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on bean plants is rather scared. The aim of the work was to evaluate HVEPTL effect on the growth and development of vegetable beans, depending on the intensity of the EMF. The object of the investigation was 4 varieties of green beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Sakfit, Pagoda, MBZ 556, Arishka) grown in conditions of different EMF values under HVEPTL. Biometrical parameters, plant productivity, yield, dry matter, photosynthetic pigments content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were determined. In the ranges of electric field values from (5-10) to (400-440) B/m and magnetic field from 0 to 0.53 micT a beneficial effect of EMF on accumulation of leaves photosynthetic pigments (15-65% increase of chlorophyll а and 6-52% increase of chlorophyll b), polyphenol content (increase up to 17%), antioxidant activity (1-15% increase), and dry matter content (2.5-11% increase) and beans ascorbic acid levels (12-28% increase) were registered. Accordingly, increased plants growth, development and productivity were demonstrated. Peculiarities of beans plants grown under HVEPTL included decreasing leaves carotene levels at electric field level of 60-100 B/m (70 m form HVEPTL), and lack of correlation between chlorophyll and carotene in leaves and total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content at the stage of technical ripening. The influence of HVEPTL EMF on the growth, productivity and quality of green beans should be regarded as positive. | Во всем мире линии электропередач (ЛЭП) покрывают достаточно обширную территорию с.-х. угодий, поэтому экспериментальные исследования по изучению влияния электромагнитного поля (ЭМП) на рост и развитие растений проводятся во многих странах. О влиянии ЭМП на растения фасоли из литературных источников известно немного. Цель работы - установить влияние ЛЭП на рост и развитие растений фасоли овощной в зависимости от интенсивности ЭМП. Объект исследования – 4 сорта фасоли овощной (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Сакфит, Пагода, МБЗ 556, Аришка), выращенные в условиях разной интенсивности ЭМП ЛЭП. Исследуемые показатели: морфометрические признаки, продуктивность растений, урожайность, содержание сухого вещества, фотосинтетические пигменты, аскорбиновая кислота, общая антиоксидантная активность и полифенолы. В условиях изменения электрического поля от (5-10) до (400-440) В/м и магнитного от 0 до 0,53 мкТл выявлено положительное влияние ЭМП на накопление фотосинтетических пигментов (15-65% – хлорофилл а; 6-52% – хлорофилл b), увеличение интенсивности биосинтеза и полифенолов (до 17%) и антиоксидантной активности (1-15%) в листьях, сухого вещества (2,5-11%) в листьях и аскорбиновой кислоты (12-28%) в бобах фасоли овощной, что благоприятно сказалось на росте, развитии и продуктивности растений и качестве зеленой продукции. Специфическими особенностями фасоли, выращенной в условиях воздействия ЛЭП, являются достоверное снижение уровня каротина в листьях при уровне электрического поля 60-100 В/м (70 м от ЛЭП), а также отсутствие корреляционных взаимосвязей между содержанием хлорофилла и каротина в листьях и общей антиоксидантной активностью жирорастворимых антиоксидантов и содержанием полифенолов в листьях в фазу технической спелости. Влияние ЭМП ЛЭП на рост, продуктивность и качество фасоли овощной следует считать положительным.