Increase of plants resistance to adverse environmental factors is considered to be the basic factor affecting the production of sustainable yields and high quality of agricultural crops. Anomalously high and low temperatures, water logging and drought, bacterial infections and herbivore attack compose significant risk factors during cultivation of different agricultural crops including tomatoes. In last decades great attention is paid to the possibility of plants protection against oxidative stress via biofortification with selenium. Effect of selenium biofortification in adverse ecological conditions of the Chechen republic (high humidity and low temperature) on yield and biochemical characteristics of two tomatoes varieties (Utro, Krasny Velican) was investigated. Dose of 4 mg Se/sq. m in triple processing during vegetation resulted in 18.9-89.9% increase of fruit yield depending on the cultivar tolerance to cladosporium. For the first time the possibility of selenium utilization in protection of plants against cladosporium was demonstrated. Biofortification of plants with selenium resulted in 1,36-1.41 increase of ascorbic acid content, 1.1 times – of carbohydrates, 1.13- 1.22 times – of titratable acidity, 1.9-1.23 time – of betacarotene, 1.55-1.36 times – of licopene. Taste index of tomato fruit also increased by 10%. 16 Fold fortification level of tomato fruit provides 22-29 % from the adequate selenium consumption level with 300 g of the product.

Thevariety‘Sovinter’isaresultofbreedingprogramandoriginatedat FGBNU, Federal Research Centre of Vegetable Breeding has been included into State Register of Breeding Achievements and permitted to be used in 2015 as mid-ripening, simultaneous-pod-ripening and very suitable for canned-foods industry. The variety can be used as a raw plant material for cannery and will be served in industrial techno-logical chain as permanent source for food production.

The main goals of the research were to study the factors affecting on the process of embryogenesis in culture of isolated microspores, optimize the existing protocols, and finally produce the doubled haploid plants in carrot (DH-plants). Out of 10 carrot accessions tested in 2017 the embyoids were obtained in 8 carrot accessions with the use of 5 different media. The highest yield of embyoids was obtained in accessions 7kt (84 embryoids per Petri dish). It was shown that       optimal                explants              were     buds      containing microspores at late vacuolated uninucleate stage. The first divisions in microspores were seen in 3 days of cultivation. After 40 days, the welldeveloped embryoids can be observed by naked eye. It was also shown that further cultivation of these embryoids on medium with 13% agarose over 60 days provoked the active secondary embryoid formation. Owing to this, it is recommended to place the embryoids at heart-shaped stages on another regeneration medium supplied with 2 % of agarose, enabling to register correctly the number of well-formed embryoids. We carried out the study on influence of such factors as genotype and composition of medium, and their combination on embryoid formation in 8 genotypes on 5 various media. ANOVA analysis showed that the plant genotype was the main factor causing the embryoid formation, whereas the effect of both factors had an impact on the number of embryoids developed. The counting the chromosome number in meristem cells and also observation of chloroplast number in stoma guard cells enabled to reveal that most of the plants produced were the doubled haploids

The main factor constraining the development of vegetable production in Russia and its regions is the lack of domestic varieties. In the structure of the sown areas of Western Siberia leguminous crops occupy from 1 to 2%, which is clearly not enough. In this regard, it is necessary to increase the total area under leguminous crops, expand their range and identify sources of economically valuable traits in order to create new varieties suitable for cultivation in specific soil and climatic conditions. Objects and methods. The study of economic-value traits was carried out in the uchebno-experimental farm of Omsk State University in 2012-2016. The object for research was 54 samples of peas from the VNIISSOK, VIR, and foreign selection. As a standard, a variety of inexhaustible 195 was used. Results and conclusions. As a result of the research, sources of selected economically valuable pea vegetable seeds were selected for breeding in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia: Chinese, Bondi, Chika and Italy for shrinking vegetation period, for resistance to ascochitis and rust - Chinese, Chika, Gloriosa, for weight gain One bean – Chinese, Chika and Italy; Weight of beans and seeds from a single plant – Chinese, Chika, Italy, Bondi and Demos, 1000 seeds of weight – Chinese, Chika and Italy, according to the taste and suitability for canning and freezing - Chinese and Chika, by the number of nitrogen fixing nodules on one plant - Chinese. The use of cluster analysis on seven basic economic-valuable features allowed us to divide the studied collection samples into 7 clusters of different breeding value. The most promising in the practical and breeding plan should be considered samples belonging to the 6 cluster, which have the maximum expression of quantitative traits: height of plants (81,0 cm), stem diameter (0,7 cm), number of internodes (10,5 pcs.); the height of attachment of the lower bean (39,5 cm); the number of beans from one plant (13,0 pcs.); the number of seeds in a bean (5,5 pcs.); the weight of the 1st bean (1,4 g ); the mass of the beans from the plant (14,0 g); the weight of the seeds from the plant (9,7 g); the weight of 1000 seeds (200 g); ripening 7 days earlier than the standard.

The main results of research on onion crops in the laboratory of seed selection and technology of cultivation of vegetable cultures of SibNIIRS for a 40-year period are given. Collection, study and reproduction of local and varieties from other regions made it possible to create an extensive gene pool of onion plants for various breeding and direct use in production. More than 1500 samples belonging to 52 species of the genus Allium have been studied. The following species are most developed in the selection plan: shallots, shnitt, batoon, slizun, fragrant, Altai. The advantages of cultivation of shallots onions in comparison with onion are shown. The main methods of selection of onion cultures are presented in the historical section. As a result of selection, polycross and interspecific hybridization (A. ascalonicum x A. cepa), 15 sorts of shallots of different maturation period have been created and entered into the State Register. The most productive were the hybrid populations, where the sorts of shallots were used as maternal forms: the bulb weight increased, the number of them in the nest decreased, and they were more evenly sized. The advantage of the landing of the shallows in the nursery of competitive variety testing is shown. A clonal nursery of rhizome perennial onions was created in 5 species, numbering 330 samples (shnitt, Altai, slizun, baton, fragrant). Interest for selection on a set of economic features is 19 (productivity of seeds and green leaves, intensity of regrowth after cut, qualitative composition of leaves, resistance to diseases).

The important goal of breeding program is to achieve the heterosis effect and develop the appropriate breeding lines to be used for crossing. The cultivation of the variety or breeding line for a long time and selection process under the same environmental factors lead to decrease of livability and productivity of the variety or breeding line. The intra-varietal and intra-line crossing is the method that enables to improve the genetic basis of the existing breeding accessions, when increasing the recombination ability, particular-ly among valuable and rare characteristics. The accessions of sweet pepper of different ecological origin: local varieties ‘Aeneas’, ‘Ivanhoe’ (Ukraine), ‘Sladkiy’ (Italy), breeding line ‘n 138d’ (Russia) were taken to study the influence of intra-varietal crossing on recovery of combining ability in breeding lines. The progeny produced from intra-varietal crossing has been assessed for the fruit number, average fruit weight, yielding ability and marketability, and then consequently compared with control accession. As results showed the yielding ability had increased by 2.3-25.7%, depending on genotype, while the fruit weight had increased by 2-11%. Phenological observation showed that there is no significant difference at the phase of growing and development between control plants and plants produced through intra-varietal crossing. The detailed progeny assessment has revealed the different effect of adaptive ability among different plants when the plants crossing within the same accession. This enables to select the best accessions to be used in further heterosis breeding pro-gram.

The article discusses the results of two years experiments to study the morphological and biological parameters stam varieties of tomato. Stam samples were taken in the breeding gene pool of tomato, characterized by the length of the stem. The paper analyzed 8 samples. Particular attention was paid to the study of samples of grounds such as the length of the main stem, number of leaves on the main stem, number of flowers in the third brush, brush the third length, number of lateral stems, stem diameter at the base, the stem diameter of the third sheet. Also we carried out the description of the fruits. Determined average fruit weight, length and fruit diameter in centimeters, the index of the fetus, number of fruit chambers. They were identified on the basis of data obtained from a number of promising products stam varieties: Gigant Shtambovji, Gigant Rose, Paradigma 2. These varieties have a unique combination of agronomic characters and can be used in the future as the parental forms for high value hybrids.

Construction of genetic maps has a principal value upon practical using revealed associations “marker-character”. Wide using molecular DNA-markers as well as application methodology identification and localization on chromosomes of QTL (quantitative trait loci) even in the case when it were no appearance new direction in science significantly allowed broadening of biological investigations, including precision and scalability in construction of genetic linkage maps. At the present investigation of gene linkage is one of most useful approach using for genome mapping as well as for genetic and breeding. Saturation of genetic maps gives possibility of compilation on map many segregated loci in one population up to full genome saturation. At the same time, effects of interaction “genotypeenvironment” can be as basis for variability, which is one of main reason why different populations some of the species not revealed identical length of the maps and differences can reach up to 20%. Gene, loci or even full-length chromosomes mapped in organism of one taxon with high percent of significance can be evaluate and identify with the aim conservative molecular markers mapped in other organism as a rule from the related taxon. Moreover, if it are carried out interspecies comparisons of prediction on arrangement and mapping of genes or QTL, which was made for one species can be apply to other relative to him species.

The study on the diversity of root plants in the species of Raphanus sativus L., which are available in the collection of VIR, enables to comprehensively evaluate the collection of small radish and radish, making descriptions of new forms and cultivar-types, and revealing the biological features of the formation of photosynthetic apparatus, yielding abilities, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. This article is the first part of a series of articles devoted to the study of the gene pool of root plants of the species R. sativus L. from the VIR collection. The experimental part of the article includes the results of a study of previously unexplored accessions from the radish collection, the following articles will be devoted to the radish gene pool. As a result of the research conducted in 2016-2017. 110 samples of radish of different eco-geographical origin and representing variety of cultivar type were studied. The studied radish samples were combined into several groups according to the duration of the growing season (early ripening, mid-ripening and late ripening). A longer vegetation period in radish in winter-time-growing was observed in case of insufficient illumination, but some accesions of the red oval-rounded cultivar type (k-2133, k-2343, k-1742, k-2404) have not shown any change in vegetation period. There was a strong change in the shape of the root crop when growing in winter under insufficient illumination. Samples that are capable to form a consumed organ in such conditions without changing the shape of the root crop and vegetation period were k-2404, Netherlands, k-2133, Tanzania, k-2185, Poland, k-2343, Iceland, k-1666, Russia. Among the accessions of the red-oval-round cultivar type, varieties from the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and Poland emerged, formed a short-rooted, compact rosette with an elevated leaf arrangement in all growing conditions. The formation of high productivity in the open field types was revealed in most cultivars, only the samples of the cultivars White long and Red gave high yields in protected soil. In the spring greenhouse a higher quality yield was obtained. Seven samples of radish have been selected, which are valuable for nearest breeding pro-gram. They can be used as a source breeding material for productivity, root quality, resistance to bolting at low temperatures and a long day.

The study was carried out in 2011-2013 with the use of local variety of root chicory ‘Yaroslavskyi’. It was shown that application of green manure crops such as pea-oat mixes and fertilizers significantly raised the number of leaves from 11, as in control to 20.6, as it was observed in variant after ploughing pea-oat mixes supplemented with N60P60K120 + В + humate. The well-developed leaf apparatus and improved photosynthetic potential in plant have been obtained up to 1.54 million m2 days/ha. Green manure crop precursors had a positive impact on weed infestation in crop area. The least number of weeds was observed with application of pea-oat mixes as precursors, 15.8 pcs /m2. The analysis of fertilizer action showed that the highest yield of chicory roots, 38.4 ton/ha had been observed with supplementation of fertilizers in rates N60P60K120 + В, and plant treatment with humates, where the addition was in ratio to fertilized ground of 13.5 ton/ha or 54,2%. According to three-year-results the following variant oat+pea+ N60P60K120 + В + humates had been recommended to be submitted for experimental and production trial testing. With application of recommended variant the more vigorous development of leaf apparatus was observed. The cultivation of chicory on pea-oat mixes supplemented with mineral fertilizers and ‘Humistar’ gave the improvement in yield for all years of testing and was on the average 40,8 ton/ha, or 129,5% to control variant. The conditional net profit was 129.1 thousand rubles/ha; true cost was 2.8 thousand rubles/ha; profitability was 56.3%.