The results of estimation of growth and development parameters, SSR analysis, electron microscopic examination of the surface of pollen and seeds, biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, carotenes, macro- and microelements content in the stem part of plant) of 8 Chinese broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra samples grown in the unheated greenhouse of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk (54°49′33″ N, 83°06′34″ E) and phy- totron of N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) have been presented. Through the study, the large surface cellularity of B.oleracea var. alboglabra (cv. “Siji Xianggu jie lan” [“SX”]) seeds was similar with seed coat surface of B.oleraceae var. capitata f. alba cv. "Slava". A scanning electron microscopic study of Chinese broccoli pollen (cv. “SX”) revealed the formation of colpate pollen with ellipsoidal shape with a size of 32.9 ± 0.76 x 17.8 ± 0.42 μm, characterized by foveolate ornamentation with a length-to-diameter ratio – 1.85.The duration of the period from emergence stage to thickening of a stalk and flower-bud formation of cv. “SX” continued for 49-54 days. Сlose correlation was established between the largest diameter of the stem and the length of the leaf petiole (r=0,87, p < 0,001) and between the length of the leaf petiole and the weight of the stem (r=0,77, p < 0,001). As a result of molecular screening of Chinese broccoli using 5 SSR markers (Na10D09, Ol12F02, Ra2E12, BC 7 и BC 65) the greatest polymorphism was in the test with the BC 7 marker - five alleles from 160 to 295 bp in size. In the “SX” variety single flowering (10%) occurred on 59 ... 63 day and mass flowering (75%) – on 65 ... 68 day. The stem part of B. oleracea var. alboglabra is a fairly good source of vitamin C, accumulating as much as 32-46 mg/100 g, and also increased concentration of K, Ca, Mg and Cu. At the end of the season the fruits, together with the phytomass of stems are well-seasoned for 3-4 weeks forming viable seeds with germination above 85% corresponding to the Russian state standard (GOST 32592-2013) for white cabbage seeds.

Research work is underway to create pumpkin varieties satisfying the requirements of consumers and the processing industry in Bykovskaya Melons and Gourds Experimental Breeding Station. The aim of the research was to develop pumpkin varieties with high content of dry matter and carotene, resistant to stresses and suitable for use in the food processing industry. Romantica is the variety resulted from breeding program, based on comparative characteristics of ‘Romantica’ and standard variety of Volzhskaya Seraya 92. New pumpkin variety ‘Romanctica’ exceeds the standard in contents of dry matter by 1.2%, sugars by 1.34%, sucrose by 1.73%, carotene by 46.44 mg%, yield by 0.5 t/ha. On the resistance to powdery mildew in artificial infection of sort of Romance has surpassed the standard by 11%, score at 0.4.

Since 2001, the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing has been working with shallots in the North-Eastern zone of the country (Kirov region). Purpose of the work: to study local onion varieties on a set of economically valuable traits under vegetative and generative methods of reproduction, to select the best forms, to obtain selection samples, to identify promising numbers-future varieties, to develop technologies for their cultivation. Collected and created a collection of local varieties of shallots (2001-2006). In the period 2009-2011, selection samples were obtained with free over-dusting of local varieties of shallots on a natural background, and hybridization work was carried out. Elements of vegetative technology (2006-2008) and seed propagation of shallots (2009-2016) have been developed. As a result of the research, technological methods of vegetative and seed methods of scoop breeding in the conditions of the North-Eastern zone of Russia are substantiated. The developed elements of the seed breeding technology of the shallots are used in the selection of this species of onions using local varieties. For the North-Eastern zone of Russia and a number of regions with similar climate conditions, earlyripening varieties with a high-intensity photosynthetic sheet are relevant. The bulb should accumulate a significant amount of carbohydrates, have a delicate and juicy consistence juicy scales and tightly fitting, durable dry scales. Need a thin neck in bulbs. According to the results of the competitive testing in 2017, 3 prospective varieties were transferred to the ICG, differing in their external organoleptic characteristics, having a stable yield of 2.73.6 kg/m2, capable of storage for 9-10 months and a level of preservation of 80-90%, propagated by vegetative and seed methods.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically significant nightshade culture in many countries, including Transnistria. On the basis of the State Institution "Transnistrian Institute of Agriculture" in conditions of open ground on a long-term provocative background of monoculture of nightshade, the study of various diseases of sweet pepper is conducted, the allocation of resistant plants for further selection work on the creation of specialized varieties and F1 hybrids with high genetic potential and resistant to stressful environmental factors. In 2016-2017 the selection material for selection of sweet pepper for resistance to major diseases (verticillosis, yellow wilting, or phytoplasmosis and viral pathogens) was studied. The best selection samples were selected for the complex of features. According to the total yield, Positron variety was significantly superior to the standard by 13% and L-70 sample by 19%. A complex phytopathological evaluation showed that the L-70 sample was very poorly affected by verticillium fading, and yellow fading and viral diseases - to a weak degree. The Positron variety was characterized by a mild disease defeat. The degree of development of verticillosis in general in the nursery was weak and varied from 6,8 (L175) to 11,4% (L-144), the development of yellow wilting – from weak to medium – 22,2-41,5%, and the damage caused by virosis varied within the limits of 16,2-33,7%. The most harmful were phytoplasmic diseases, which manifested themselves mainly in the form of yellow wilting and to a lesser extent – a typical stalk caused by phytoplasm PhLO. Thus, in the competitive test, a sample L-70 with a high yield of commercial fruits and a minimal disease affection in a complex phytopathological assessment was identified, as well as a Positron variety with a high early and overall yield and a low disease burden. The best indicators of the biochemical composition of fruits, as close as possible to the requirements of the canning industry, were samples of L-175, L-134, L-144 and Positron variety.

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tomatoes carote-noid composition is considered to be the basis of tomato selection. Among known methods of identification and carotenoid content determination thing layer chromatography (TLC) is characterized by inexpensive, quick and availab-le method of analysis. Comparison of individual tomato carotenoid content data obtained using wellknown empirical formulas and based of TLC separation on chromatoraphic paper was achieved. Empirical formulas for the determination of lycopene and beta-carotene concentrations were shown to give high variations in beta-carotene content and decreased values of total carotenoids concentration values. Developed conditions of chromatographic separation and identification of selected carotenoids are based on different polarity of individual pigments and specific absorption spectra of the latter. Method of thin layer chromatography may serve as a quick and effective method for quality evaluation of tomato fruit of different color and determination of beta-carotene, ζ-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene and lutein content.

Rich in high quality protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids and trace elements seeds, green fruits and young leaves broad beans (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) has long been used in the food, and the culture of beans are promising in biological agriculture and horticulture. The aim of this work was to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans in the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans (Belarusiskie, Velena, Russkie chernie, Aquadul) and determined the biochemical composition of seeds. Optimal height of attachment of the first fruit for mechanical harvesting (20-25 cm) characteristic of plants of all studied varieties. Weight of the fetus, according to the coefficient of variability, equal to 45%, distinguished by a strong variability on grades with a maximum grade of Velena. The length of fruit ranged from 9 to 13 cm and were characterized by moderate variability (V=20%). Seeds production is determinened not only by size of fruits of beans, but and its important components such as 1000 seed weight. Protein content in the seeds at 30% different varieties of broad beans domestic breeding. Contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and iron is higher in the cotyledons than in the skin. Dark purple color of the seed varieties of Russian black is due to the biosynthesis useful for human organism anthocyanins in seed peel.

The result of collaboration work between Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding, the branch of The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the company OOO Geterozisnaya Selectia on ecological trial and assessment of economically valuable traits were obtained in promising radish accessions. The data on influence of sowing terms on yielding ability, formation of flower bearing stalks was analyzed and morphological descriptions for radish accessions were given. It was shown that the development of marketable radish roots can be possible in condition of long lasting light period. When sowing in the second decade of June less number of flower stalks formed on the plants than on the control plants of ‘Raniy Krasniy’. The sowing in the first decade of August did not give any plants with flower stalks in accessions 17-12 and 17-13. The highest yield at first sowing term was observed in accession 17-12 at second sowing term in accession 17-13, 5.6 and 6.1 kg/m2 respectively. The accession 17-12 was distinguished by root weight, 19.2 g. The highest dry matter content (5.31%) was observed in accession 17-11; the highest total sugar content (2.18%) was in accession 17-12; the highest ascorbic acid content (25.1 mg %) was in accession 17-13. The comparative analysis of data on summer and autumn sowing terms showed that when sowing in summer time, at long lasting light period the radish accessions were characterized by the more number of plants with flower stalks; more developed leaf apparatus; larger roots and enriched biochemical composition as compared with the accessions sown in autumn time. All accessions tested belonged to early-maturing group, where the root formation takes for 22-25 days. For economically valuable traits the accessions 17-12 and 17-13 were selected out.

The important goal of breeding program is to achieve the heterosis effect and develop the appropriate breeding lines to be used for crossing. The cultivation of the variety or breeding line for a long time and selection process under the same environmental factors lead to decrease of livability and productivity of the variety or breeding line. The intra-varietal and intra-line crossing is the method that enables to improve the genetic basis of the existing breeding accessions, when increasing the recombination ability, particular-ly among valuable and rare characteristics. The accessions of sweet pepper of different ecological origin: local varieties ‘Aeneas’, ‘Ivanhoe’ (Ukraine), ‘Sladkiy’ (Italy), breeding line ‘n 138d’ (Russia) were taken to study the influence of intra-varietal crossing on recovery of combining ability in breeding lines. The progeny produced from intra-varietal crossing has been assessed for the fruit number, average fruit weight, yielding ability and marketability, and then consequently compared with control accession. As results showed the yielding ability had increased by 2.3-25.7%, depending on genotype, while the fruit weight had increased by 2-11%. Phenological observation showed that there is no significant difference at the phase of growing and development between control plants and plants produced through intra-varietal crossing. The detailed progeny assessment has revealed the different effect of adaptive ability among different plants when the plants crossing within the same accession. This enables to select the best accessions to be used in further heterosis breeding pro-gram.

The thematic core facilities plan, CCU of Orel state agrarian university "Genetic resources of plants and their use" for a joint program with Shatilovskay of Institute of leguminous and cereal crops, of field and vegetation experiments on the study of specific features of manifestation of the activity of transpiration leaves of soybean are achieved. The object of the study were 10 varieties of soybeans that were grown on plots of 15 m2 in four replications. Seeding was carried out breeding seeder calculated 600 thousand of viable seeds per hectare. the way the plots were allocated systematically with offset. The care of crops was carried out in accordance with the recommended regional events. It was demonstrated that leaf transpiration activity of the culture increases sharply in the transition of plants to the generative period of development, reaching a maximum in the phase of mass fruit formation, when the most active growth and, consequently, the demand for assimilate. The intensity of transpiration of leaves during this period of plant development was by 8.22 mmol H2O/m2c. The highest transpiration activity was typical for the upper leaves located in the generative sphere of plants, the lowest - activity was fount for the lowerst leaves. On the 5th node from the bottom, its value was 2.2 times lower compared to the assimilating leaves at the top of the plants (3-4 knots top). Thus, the most intensive evaporation of the water by leaves are held from 9:00 to 13:00 hours Moscow time. The intensity of transpiration in this period amounted to an average of 5.42 mmol H2O/m2c, which was 19.9% higher than in the morning (from 7:00 to 8:00) and 42.3% in the afternoon (from 15:00 to 17:00).

The study was carried out in 2011-2013 with the use of local variety of root chicory ‘Yaroslavskyi’. It was shown that application of green manure crops such as pea-oat mixes and fertilizers significantly raised the number of leaves from 11, as in control to 20.6, as it was observed in variant after ploughing pea-oat mixes supplemented with N60P60K120 + В + humate. The well-developed leaf apparatus and improved photosynthetic potential in plant have been obtained up to 1.54 million m2 days/ha. Green manure crop precursors had a positive impact on weed infestation in crop area. The least number of weeds was observed with application of pea-oat mixes as precursors, 15.8 pcs /m2. The analysis of fertilizer action showed that the highest yield of chicory roots, 38.4 ton/ha had been observed with supplementation of fertilizers in rates N60P60K120 + В, and plant treatment with humates, where the addition was in ratio to fertilized ground of 13.5 ton/ha or 54,2%. According to three-year-results the following variant oat+pea+ N60P60K120 + В + humates had been recommended to be submitted for experimental and production trial testing. With application of recommended variant the more vigorous development of leaf apparatus was observed. The cultivation of chicory on pea-oat mixes supplemented with mineral fertilizers and ‘Humistar’ gave the improvement in yield for all years of testing and was on the average 40,8 ton/ha, or 129,5% to control variant. The conditional net profit was 129.1 thousand rubles/ha; true cost was 2.8 thousand rubles/ha; profitability was 56.3%.