Carrot is one of the main vegetable crops due to its high yield and long-term preservation during winter storage. In the Amur Region, the vegetable crop zoning is underdeveloped. As a result, the assortment of recognized varieties and hybrids of carrot has long been outdated and is not replenished with new items. As part of the research work of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "BGPU" at its agrobiological station, the specialists perform testing and assessment of various vegetable crops, including carrot. The purpose of the study is to identify high-yielding varieties of garden carrots suitable for cultivating in the agricultural and climatic conditions of the south of the Amur Region. The field trial was performed in accordance with the methods developed by B.A. Dospekhov (1985) and the state variety testing of agricultural crops described in "Vegetable and Cucurbit Crops, Potato, and Fodder Root Crops" (1956). The researchers applied agricultural technology that is commonly used in the region. Fifteen carrot samples of foreign selection were the object of the study. The hybrid F1 Abaco that had been grown at the agrobiological station for a long time was set as a standard. The vegetative period of the studied varieties under the regional conditions is 92-110 days. Nanco F1 and Sylvano F1 showed high yields, producing 41.0 and 47.0 tons of marketable roots per ha, with an average root weight of 110.1 and 120.9 g, respectively. The marketability of harvested root crops was 89.0% for Nanco F1 and 94.0% for Sylvano F1. We recommend vegetable growers in the region to establish a cultivation conveyor for garden carrots using the mid-early Presto F1 hybrid for sale in an early bunch and high-yielding F1 hybrids Nanco and Sylvano for fall use.

Relevance. Presently, for the organic Cole crop cultivation are usually used early-ripe sorts and hybrids of Russian originator firms. There is a problem with middle and lateripe sorts and hybrids, which do not satisfy with the requirements of biological ripeness and weight of cabbage, presenting by customers. That is why hybrid Snezhinka F1 of VNIISSOK selection is of practical interest; in 2008 yr. it was shown that it is perspective to use it in the conveyer after early-ripe sorts in organic cultivation.Materials and methods. The research has done on hybrid Snezhinka F1 with comparison of hybrid Cuisor F1 (originator Syngenta seeds B.V.). The technology was maximal close to the technology of organic cultivation. The tests provided by triple repetition. The accounts and data processing were carried out by standard methods.Results. As a result, after researches of middle-ripe cabbage hybrid Snezhinka F1 was found that it satisfies the requirements of customers. Firstly, the cabbage does not contain any pesticides. Secondly, the formation of its biochemical composition proceeds without mineral fertilizers, by using the natural soil fertility. Thirdly, and it is very important by these biometric values, the cabbage reaches the phase of biological ripe at the same level or even above the popular hybrid Cuisor F1.

Relevance. Currently pharmaceutical industry, food industry and chemical laboratories demonstrate an increasing interest in natural plant sources, including Chamaenerion angustifolium. Modern researches reveal more and more medicinal properties of this plant. For this reason, the demand for the use of fireweed as a medicinal plant, especially its leaves and flowers, is very high. It means, that the study of biological properties, chemical composition, ecological and landscape features of fireweed is of scientific and practical interest.Methods. This article contains information from literary sources about pharmaceutical, chemical, biological, ecological and geographical studies of Chamaenerion, its results and recommendations. Obtained from other researches information was systematized by research topics and presented in a logical sequence.Results. The issues of using this plant in medicine and food industry are also considered here, along with the discription of collecting natural fireweed problems and the mail ways of cultivating this species. The modern condition of fireweed research is shown, a detailed analysis of fireweed biological and ecological characteristics is carried out and on this basis, the main directions for further work on the introduction of Chamaenerion into culture for its more complete and rational use in medicine and in the food industry are outlined in this article. The article presents an analysis of the problems that arise during the introduction, in particular, the improvement of vegetative reproduction techniques, the selection of populations promising in terms of the phenolic compounds content and the possibility of target compounds content in plants by the exogenous regulation.Conclusion. Despite the presence of a relatively large quantity of works devoted to Chamaenerion, some research topics are poorly covered. For example, the topic of cultivation and the use of growth regulators. The most promising directions for the future study of Chamaenerion are indicated in this article.

Fruit peel/pulp distribution of biologically active compounds is an important characteristic of plant physiology and the basis of zero waste production in agriculture. Among C. ficifolia, C. maxima and C. moschata the former showed the lowest dry matter content, especially in peel, similar peel and pulp values of antioxidant activity (AOA) and polyphenol content (TP), with the highest levels in fruit placenta. Peel carbohydrate profile of C. ficifolia fruit was characterized by lower levels of disaccharides compared to C. maxima and C. moschata peel and an opposite pattern of monosaccharides accumulation. The analysis of 25 elements content in Cucurbita peel and pulp, using ICP-MS, indicated that C. ficifolia fruit are characterized by significantly high concentrations of Sr, Si and I in pulp compared to the values of C. maxima and C. moschata. On the contrary, C. maxima and C. moschata were characterized by low concentration of pulp Mn. Highly significant positive correlations were recorded between Cr-Sr, Cr-Ca and CaSr (r=0.906; 0.939 and 0.974 respectively) and P-Cu (r=0.968). Despite C. ficifolia, does not contain carotenoids, it is highly valuable due to the high levels of Si, I, Cr and Ca in peel and pulp, which reveals new areas of its application.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a fairly popular agricultural crop in Russia, the tubers of which are the main food of the population. For the North, it is important to replenish the assortment of early potato varieties adapted to growing in extreme conditions. The aim of this research was to study the development of plants of early and mid-early potato varieties in the Murmansk region.Methods. The article presents the results of studying the developmental biology and productivity elements of 63 early and mid-early varieties from the of VIR world potato collection. The Khibinskiy ranniy variety is used as a standard. The study was conducted on the territory of the Polar Experimental Station of Apatity. The soil of the experimental plot is sandy loam, highly cultivated, the organic matter content is 8,7%, pH 5,2; Р2О5 – 103 mg/100 g, К2О – 39,2 mg/100 g of soil. The total area of the plot was 286,5 m2 , the counting area was 5 m2, the planting scheme was 70x30 cm, the experiment was repeated three times, the distribution of varieties was randomized.Results. Phenological observations revealed varieties with the shortest interphase periods: Ognivo, Sundinsky ranniy, Uralsky ranniy, Khibinskiy ranniy, Amazone, Aster, Lady Claire. Varieties Daryonka, Lyubava, Dolphin formed berries within three years.Conclusion. Concorde, Corine и Karatop exceeded the standart at 50, 60, 75 days from planting in the years of study, which shows the ability of the cultivars for intensive tuberization in the early stages, combined with high stable productivity in the North. The significant influence of meteorological conditions on the development dynamics of potato plants, their yield and on the adaptive ability to local growing conditions has been identified. There singled out the cultivars that are characterized by consistently high rates of the dynamics of tuber accumulation in the early stages, possessing a high adaptive ability, which can be used in breeding for early maturity and productivity in the North regions.

The article describes the life and creative path of the famous scientist, a prominent specialist in the field of ecology, breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, аcademician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, laureate of the State Prize and the Prizes of the Government of the Russian Federation Viktor Fedorovich Pivovarov.

The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle is an endemicspecies of the Russian Far East. Nowadays the potato ladybird beetle is widespread across Primorsky and Khabarovsky kray, south Sakhalin, Kunashir Island, and in China, Japan, and India. This paper presents historical data on the dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle in Russia. The first records of the pest presence in the coastal area of Primorsky kray were made in 1929. In the 1950s and 1960s, the pest was observed to inhabit not only the forest steppe zone and the districts adjacent to the taiga in Primorsky kray, but also Khabarovsky kray, Amur oblast and Jewish autonomous oblast. The process of dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle can be divided in several stages: the formation of a new breeding ground, an increase in the size of the pest population, the dispersal of the pest. The range expansion of the potato ladybird beetle can be linked to two facts. First, the land area under potato cultivation increased and neared the breeding grounds of the pest. Secondly, thedietary preference of the phytophagous insect shifted to the new fodder plant. In addition, the development of transportation routes played an important role in the dispersal of the pest. Therefore, anthropogenic factors significantly affected the distribution of the potato ladybird beetle. These factors in combination with a high ecological plasticity of the pest allowed the phytophagous insect to spread across the whole area under potato cultivation in the south of the Russian Far East.

Relevance. In order to form a targeted assortment of watermelon for specific soil and climatic conditions, an assessment was made and the results of the ecological adaptability of varieties bred by FSBSI “FNTs Rice” and Bykovskaya BSOS in different zones of melon growing were obtained.Methodology. The object of the study is watermelon varieties bred by two research institutions. Tests were carried out in three agroecological zones: Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and Krasnodar region. Agrotechnical measures were applied in accordance with the recommendations adopted for the study area.Results. Despite different soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, all varieties showed high potential yield, regularity and stability of fruiting, controlled by the genotype of the varieties. Varieties of watermelon are able to form a high yield in dry areas. Meteorological conditions during the growing period influenced the length of the growing season. From germination to ripening, the varieties of the early ripeness group showed an increase of up to 5...15 days, in the group of varieties of medium and late ripening up to 20...49 days. The spread in the limits of biometric indicators and fruit weight depended on weather conditions, but was within the varietal parameters. The factor of growing conditions did not influence the accumulation of dry soluble substances in the fruit pulp. Marketability of harvested fruits is 80…90% with high taste qualities. The results of the tests have shown that the varieties of the Krasnodar and Volgograd breeding show adaptability to the specific conditions of the region. Using them will make it possible to minimize losses from the weather conditions of the growing season and obtain stable and high yields.

Significance. Potato products seem to be gaining popularity in Russia, especially potato chips and french fries. The processing of potato into food products reduces storage losses and the amount of transportation needed and allows the nutritional potential of potato to be harnessed fully. However, only a minor part of all produced potato is processed in Primorsky kray by small-scale enterprises. The lack of high quality raw material is the main reason for that. The research aim was to evaluate potato varieties from our collection nursery for the traits that determine potato suitability for the production of potato chips and french fries.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the Department of potato breeding and horticulture, FSBIS “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, in 2019-2021. One hundred and eighty potato hybrids of various origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The evaluation was conducted according to the guidelines on the assessment of potato varieties for their suitability for processing and storage with a few additions.Results. The conditions in 2019 were the most favorable for yield formation in medium-early (32.3 t/ha), mid-season (31.9 t/ha) and medium-late (33.1 t/ha) varieties. Early varieties were observed to have the highest mean yield in 2021 (34.0 t/ha). Biochemical parameters (the dry matter content) and the content of reducing sugars were optimal (22-24 % and less than 0.26 %, respectively) in varieties Vektar, Zhuravinka, Darnitsa, Pamyati Rogacheva, Lady Rosetta, VR 808. The morphological parameters (the shape of tubers, the quantity and depth of potato eyes) of varieties Severnyi, Bryanskii delikates, Danaya, Kurazh, Sante, Dubrava, Nayada made them the most suitable for the production of potato chips. Varieties Kolette, Narka, Innovator, Vdokhnovenie were determined to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. Based on the complex of morphological and biochemical parameters, 29 potato varieties were selected for the production of potato chips and 26 varieties were approved for the production of french fries. The degree of suitability varied from 6.4 to 8 points. Under the conditions of Primorsky kray, varieties Sante, Tanai, Nayada. Alyaska, Krasa Meshchery, Kazachok generate the most interest for the production of potato chips. Varieties Liga, Vesna Belaya, Udacha, Utenok, Charodei, Ocharovanie, Rikarda appear to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. These varieties have a high degree of suitability after harvest and good yield.

Relevance. Peanut seeds are rich in oils, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and flavonoids, therefore they are widely used in the production of food, feed, biodiesel, as well as in medicine. When cultivating peanuts, the problem of reducing the yield and sometimes the quality of seeds necessarily arises due to the impact of phytopathogenic microscopic fungi, and the main factors in the transmission of the infectious principle are soil and plant residues. The plant protection system should be based on knowledge of the structure of mycocomplexes of the rhizosphere and phylloplane.Methods. On a typical black soil on a natural infectious background in Belgorod (Russia), a sample of cultural peanuts V-2012 (Vietnam) from the collection of the Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of the Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biology of the National Research University "BelSU" was studied. The species composition of microscopic fungi in the peanut rhizosphere was analyzed in comparison with fallow soil (control), which was found by seeding soil dilutions and leaf samples on dense nutrient media, followed by identification to species.Results. Compared with the control soil, the mycocomplex of the peanut rhizosphere (the Shannon index value at the level of 2.5 and 2.7 in the rhizosphere and control, respectively) was characterized by a lower degree of diversity and the degree of similarity of soil samples was high (the Jaccard coefficient was 50%), which means that that the cultivation of peanuts has lit- tle effect on the composition and structure of a typical black soil. In the peanut rhizosphere, a decrease in the frequency of occurrence of the phytopathogenic species F. oxysporum was observed, which may be associated with an increase in the rank in the mycocomplex of the mycophilic species T. lignorum. Aspergillus ochraceus, A. terreus, A. ustus, Candida albicans, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichothecium roseum species were found to be sen- sitive to peanut cultivation. Peanut leaf spot was caused annually by the species Alternaria alternate, which can lead to a decrease in seed productivity up to 80%.