Milk is a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, magnesium, casein. Its advantages are the pleasant taste, dietary features and the ability to quench thirst. However, in hygienic terms, it is not without drawbacks. In particular, milk is a beneficial environment for the development of various microorganisms, including pathogens, as a result of which it can easily become a carrier of infectious diseases. Therefore, the task was set to investigate the risks associated with the transmission of a number of dangerous zoonotic infectious diseases, in particular brucellosis and tuberculosis. To this end, organoleptic and laboratory studies were carried out on 20 samples of unpasteurized milk purchased from private individuals in different administrative districts of the city of Yerevan. Through organoleptic method the color, smell, taste, texture of milk was determined. Under laboratory conditions, pH, purity, density, total acidity, bacterial contamination of milk and the presence of brucellosis antibodies and causative agents of tuberculosis were detected. Milk samples were also examined for starch and soda content (milk adulteration).

In this article, we present the course and results of scientific research aimed at calculation of the concentration of somatic cells in cow's milk to detect subclinical mastitis in individual farms of the Republic of Armenia. Comparison of somatic cell concentrations in milk from healthy and sick cows with subclinical mastitis, analysis and comparison of blood morphological parameters in sick and healthy animals has been implemented and the relationship between somatic cell concentration in milk and morphological abnormalities in sick cow blood has been identified. SC concentrations between 300 and 500 thousand/ml are indicative of mastitis risk. In this case, the type of reaction manifested was positive. It was found that the viscosity of the investigated solution "Somatic plus" + milk increases in proportion to the increasing concentration of somatic cells in the milk sample, which indicates subclinical mastitis. A study of the morphological parameters of blood in healthy and subclinical mastitis animals revealed some deviations from the reference values of blood parameters, leading to the conclusion that these changes in animals' blood are related to an increase in the number of milk's somatic cells. Increased leukocytes were found in sick animals' blood. This was followedby an increase in stab neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESR. As a result of all this, the body is experiencing inflammatory processes mobilizing its defensive mechanisms against pathogens.

The fifth article in the series summarizes the results of genetic analysis of 7 varieties of tobacco of the Samsun oriental variety type and their diallel hybrids for the yield of dry leaves. The trait inheritance in F1 is most characterized by an intermediate type, the determination and growth of which is realized primarily by additive genes with a recessive nature. These give rise to deviations between yield indicators and the effects of GCA. A new tactic has been developed for selecting promising starting materials and selecting for the combination of genes in genotypes that control moderate yield and high aromaticity of raw materials. For this purpose, the following varieties have been proposed: Samsun 47, Samsun 36, Samsun Bafra, and Samsun Maden, and universal hybrids Samsun 47xSamsun Bafra and Samsun 36xSamsun Bafra which are valuable both for heterosis and breeding. CMS analogues of maternal forms make it possible to organize hybrid seed production. Analyses of genetic correlations allow us to draw the most important conclusion about the reality of the combination in the genotypes of selected forms of moderate yield and high-quality raw materials by intensifying the photosynthetic apparatus. A new principle of selection in population has been developed: selection should be carried out according to the type of leaf of the aromatic variety Samsun Bafra, and to the rate of leaf formation productive varieties Samsun 36 and Samsun 47.

The research aimed to identify latent mastitis in cows on farms in the Republic of Armenia by counting somatic cells in milk using the California method. Among the 170 animals examined, 60 had latent mastitis, which comprised 35.2 % of the population. The highest incidence was observed in the Vayoc Dzor region (50 %), while the lowest was found in the Sunik region (25 %). It was found that 40 animals (23.5 %) showed a pronounced reaction to mastitis, and the concentration of somatic cells in milk was 300-500 thousand/sm3. 20 animals demonstrated a positive reaction to the test (11.7 %), and the number of somatic cells in milk exceeded 500 thousand/sm3. A microbiological study of milk from animals with subclinical mastitis was conducted to determine the species composition of pathogenic microflora. The study indicated that the milk was highly contaminated with staphylococcus, streptococcus, corynebacterial, E. coli, mycoplasma, candida, etc. A rise in leukocytes was observed in the blood of sick animals, as well as increases in band neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESRs. All this indicates, there is an inflammatory process present in the body and the immune system is mobilizing to fight pathology.

The second article of the series considers the issues of inter-row and near-trunk land cultivation in orchards. As a result of the study and analysis of the literature, a classification and comparative evaluation of the existing machines intended for the cultivation of the mentioned areas was implemented. Both the advantages and disadvantages of rotary tillers with horizontal and vertical rotation axis were indicated. It has been stated that from the prospect of agro-technological and technical requirements of the mentioned machines, rotary tillers with vertical axis are preferable, which, anyhow, need to be upgraded. Based on the above stated, it has been recommended to select planetary mechanism with external gear as a transmission mechanism for the rotary tiller, which will enable to provide high rotation numbers for the disc of the tillers’ blade in case of relatively fewer rotation numbers of the rotor. It is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed that from the point of view of effective tillage and a sharp decrease in the traction resistance of the unit, the optimal number of satellite cutters is three, located at an angle of 1200 to each other, and the number of knives is two, with a symmetrical arrangement. The expressions derived in the result of dynamic research on the recommended mechanism, enable to identify the optimal geometric parameters for the installation of the tillers’ disc knives, in case of which the resistance force factors of the cultivated medium, including the traction resistance force of the unit will assume the possible minimum values in conditions of the stated regime.

The aim of the study was to prevent latent mastitis in cows by sanitizing the udder teats with amyloyodin solution (blue iodine). Research work on prevention of mastitis in cows was carried out during 2022 in the Balahovit teaching and experimental farm of ANAU, as well as in the laboratories of the ANAU Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Examination on 14 Caucasian brown cows, with seven heads in each group. In the experimental group, the treatment of teats after milking with an interval of 12 hours was carried out by applying amyloyodin to the teats of the udder by dipping them into small plastic cups filled with a solution of blue iodine to three­ quarters of the dish. The teats of cows in the control group were not treated with blue iodine, but were washed with warm clean water immediately after milking. To study the microbial contamination of the cow udder, swabs were taken from the teat skin in animals of the experimental and control groups. A microbiological study of swabs indicates that after milking the number of colonies of microorganisms in the experimental and control groups is approximately the same – 139 and 143, respectively. However, the use of amyloyodin showed preventive efficacy and longer hygienic protection of the teats skin in animals, i.e. the number of colonies in the experimental group decreased after 30 minutes (from 139 to 8), and in the control group, confluent growth of colonies was observed after the same period of time.

Reproduction of farm animals is one of the main indicators determining their biological and economic value. Highly efficient reproduction promotes the increase of livestock number and improvement of animal breeding technique. The reproductive qualities of goats depend on genetic factors and environmental conditions: age, fatness, live weight of queens, feeding level before mating and during pregnancy, daylight hours, etc. A goal has been set to study the fertility of goats and the live weight of newborn Saanen goats, bred in the goat farm of Krashen village, in the Shirak region. To analyze the goat fertility, 40 queens were taken into consideration depending on their lactation age, among which 47.5% were first-born, 5.0 % - second-born, 45.0 % were the third lambing and one doe was the fourth lambing. The studies were carried out on the queens of 2-4 years. In our opinion, it is this age, that is optimal for characterizing the queens in terms of fertility, since the first mating of goats is carried out at the age of 10 months, provided that the live weight of the young is 70-75 % of the mother's weight, but not less than 30-32 kg. Such a new approach to the technological solution makes it possible to obtain one lamb more from each queen during economic use than with conventional technology. The data obtained can be used in breeding farms for the production and sale of young animals, and the development of goat breeding in the republic.

The current work presents the distribution patterns of rare plant species and the mapping results with the help of the R programming language. In addition, it considers the topographical features of the RA mountain meadow zone. Taking the advantages of the R program capacity and the results of environmental studies of the given area, ways of solving several environmental problems related to the preservation of rare plants and biodiversity, depending on meteorological (Tmax, Tmin, RH, V) and soil moisture indicators were developed. The analysis was made with the data of Kajaran (1843 m) and Jermuk (2064 m) hydrometeorological stations, based on which the assessment of moisture availability of rare plant species was conducted, and the most dangerous periods for the development of life and growth of the mentioned plants were revealed. In particular, for plants at an altitude of 1800-2000 m, it was 75-130 days, and for those at the altitude of 2000 m, it was 60-110 days. Geospatial data analysis was performed, which allows to analyze and visualize environmental data through a cartographic representation. The use of comprehensive open source code for land use change assessment, landscape monitoring, ecological trends, and environmental problem identification is considered relevant, as it enables to avoid the use of narrow professional and expensive programs.

In comparison with other infectious diseases of dogs, parvovirus enteritis is quite common. The infection is periodically detected in animals in veterinary clinics. Observations have shown that unvaccinated puppies of 3-4 months are more often admitted to the clinic with parvovirus enteritis. In contrast to the 70 % rate indicated in the literature, the mortality rate among sick dogs reaches 50 to 93.3 %. Parvovirus enteritis can be treated with specific immune serums alongside symptomatic and pathogenetic therapies which increases the treatment efficiency up to 25 %. Additionally the combined use of immune serums and dexamethasone along with the described preparations – up to 50 %, which indicates the need for long-lasting use of glucocorticoids to increase adaptive functions of the body in dogs with parvovirus enteritis.