This study provides an overview of traffic control methods using automated traffic control systems (ATCS). The main approach highlighted during the analysis is the application of rigid multi-program management, including a library of coordination programs. The study also found a dependence of the period of operation of each coordination program on the state and intensity of traffic flow (TF), noting an increase in the period of stationarity with an increase in the intensity of TF. Based on the system analysis, a mathematical dependence of the control parameter on the intensity affecting the efficiency of TF management is proposed. The results obtained can be applied to optimize the operation of the automated control system and develop effective traffic management strategies.

Armenia, with its entire territory, is considered the most sensitive country to climate change. The land tax rate for agricultural lands is determined at 15 percent of the estimated net income determined by their cadastral assessment. The cadastral assessment of agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia was carried out in 2002-2004. During the assessment, the materials of land management, soil science, geobotanical, and other studies and research conducted in the 1970-1980s were taken as a basis. The article presents the results of research and analysis conducted by the authors during 2020-2023, on the impact of climate risks on the yield and quality of crops on agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia. As a result of the research, it turns out that among climate risks, the greatest damage to agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia is caused by frost, hail, and drought, which affects the quantity and quality of crops from agricultural lands, and consequently the income received, which, however, does not reduce the tax burden of the landowner. As a result of the research, to modernize the assessment methodology in the process of calculating net income, it is recommended to adopt the revised calculation method developed and proposed by the authors using risk reduction coefficients (climate risks).

With the development of viticulture in recent years, vineyard areas have increased and the demand for orchards with local varieties has grown. Propagation by cuttings is the most common method of grape propagation. The influence of growth regulators (zircon, heteroauxin, and kornevin) on the rooting, growth, and ripening of hardwood cuttings of grape varieties Voskehat, Garan Dmak, and Tozot was studied. The study shows that the use of growth regulators positively affects the growth and development of cuttings, strengthens roots, increases rooting, and promotes the growth and development of surface organs Among the regulators used, the best results were shown by growth stimulants heteroauxin and zircon. These stimulants can be used to ensure the high survival rates of less common varieties.

The research was carried out in the administrative area of Yernjatap settlement, Aragatsotn marz, Aparan region, RA. This was at an altitude of 1850 m above sea level. Soil studies were conducted on about 1 hectare of arable land. The area is located in the steppe land zone. It was planned to investigate the shallow tillage (disking) in preventing degradation processes and increasing the efficiency of cultivated land in the investigated land area. For this purpose, field and laboratory analyses were carried out to study the soil quality characteristics. Soil sections were placed at the experimental sites. The percentage of humus content, mechanical composition, amount of water-soluble salts, soil reaction (pH), and provision of macronutrients in the soil samples were given according to the depth of each soil section. As a result of using traditional and shallow soil tillage methods, the agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the studied soils were revealed.

Using serpentine, which is widespread in Armenia, we developed two new fertilizers. First fertilizer, is composed of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as amorphous silicon dioxide, and fertilizer 2, which contains a small amount of phosphorus (in the form of a mixture in the mineral), calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and amorphous silicon dioxide. Fertilizers were soluble in water and a 1 % ammonium carbonate solution. Laboratory studies have shown that fertilizers positively affect spring barley seed germination percentage, germination rate, growth, yield, and grain NPK content. The yield of spring barley increased by 28.4-33.1 % under the influence of fertilizers, which is equivalent to the efficiency of double superphosphate. However, serpentine, the most common in Armenia, can be used to obtain recommended fertilizers in a much cheaper and safer manner.

The second article of the series considers the issues of inter-row and near-trunk land cultivation in orchards. As a result of the study and analysis of the literature, a classification and comparative evaluation of the existing machines intended for the cultivation of the mentioned areas was implemented. Both the advantages and disadvantages of rotary tillers with horizontal and vertical rotation axis were indicated. It has been stated that from the prospect of agro-technological and technical requirements of the mentioned machines, rotary tillers with vertical axis are preferable, which, anyhow, need to be upgraded. Based on the above stated, it has been recommended to select planetary mechanism with external gear as a transmission mechanism for the rotary tiller, which will enable to provide high rotation numbers for the disc of the tillers’ blade in case of relatively fewer rotation numbers of the rotor. It is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed that from the point of view of effective tillage and a sharp decrease in the traction resistance of the unit, the optimal number of satellite cutters is three, located at an angle of 1200 to each other, and the number of knives is two, with a symmetrical arrangement. The expressions derived in the result of dynamic research on the recommended mechanism, enable to identify the optimal geometric parameters for the installation of the tillers’ disc knives, in case of which the resistance force factors of the cultivated medium, including the traction resistance force of the unit will assume the possible minimum values in conditions of the stated regime.

In recent years, the use of probiotics has increased unprecedently, regardless of their origin and characteristics. In particular, the use of probiotics for nutritional and therapeutic purposes in infants and patients with a number of diseases (malignant neoplasms, diabetes, post-transplant period, etc.) needs reviews and clinical justification. Currently, in the production of dairy products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of intestinal origin are of particular interest, which is explained by the fact that the final target of probiotics is the intestine of an animal or a person. However, there is some skepticism about the efficacy of using human gut-derived LABs in dairy production. LABs are widespread in nature: exist in large quantities in plant residues, soil, human and animal intestines. LABs are widely used both in health care and agriculture, as well as in fisheries and fish production. A task was set up to study a series of biosafety indicators of yoghurts obtained from the Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe.am, Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI probiotic strains. Yoghurts produced with biosafety indicators corresponding to the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in yoghurts, heavy metals and M1 aflatoxin content, as well as to international standards for microbiological indicators were obtained from new probiotics isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children (Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe) and dairy products (Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI). The results of our research prove that yoghurts obtained from lactic acid bacteria of different origins are harmless to health.

The increase of confectionery production volumes and expansion of product range are related to the development of technologies for new raw materials application and to the wide product range manufacture. According to the conducted investigations the rose­hip can be applied as a preventive and curative raw material. Upon the development of the mathematical model for rose­hip CO2 extraction regime parameters, the efficiency of new equipment application and extraction process has been proved. According to the conducted experiments, the maximum yield of carotenoid pigments in the solution is ensured at a relatively lower temperature of the solution. Therefore, the task was set to identify two dependencies: the yield of CO2­solution and the yield of the total amount of carotenoid pigments in that solution depending on the duration and temperature of the process. The optimal parameters of the dissolution process have been determined by the mathematical planning method. As a result of the mathematical modeling of the technological process of CO2­dissolution, it has been found out that the yield of the solution within the studied ultrasound frequencies ranges from 1.0­1.2, while the content of carotenoids in the solution is within 90­91.5 %. Moreover, it has been found out that the maximum values of the mentioned outputs are obtained at temperatures of +15...+22 0C. Thus, according to the research results, sweet brier (rose hips) can be used as a preventive medicine.

The demand for confectionery products is constantly growing, so a task has been set up to justify the use of secondary raw materials obtained from the first extract fruit and vegetable juices in the production of cupcakes. The use of fruit and vegetable powders will enable to expand the product range of flour confectionery, as well as to enrich the finished product with dietary fibers and vitamins. Apple and parsnip pulp were subjected to primary research, and their nutritional value was determined. The chemical and vitamin indicators of the finished products were determined according to the research methods regulated by GOST. Then, comparative evaluation of the vitamin value of apple and parsnip pulps was made. According to research results, fruit and vegetable pulp is not inferior in nutritional value to the original raw material, only certain losses occur during juice extraction process. In order to obtain fruit and vegetable powders and possibly preserve their valuable components, the convective­ microwave drying method was used, which prevents microbial spoilage and deactivation of enzymes in the pulp. After drying, the content of vitamins, chemical and mineral substances in the obtained powders was studied. The addition of 10­15 % fruit and vegetable powders in the production recipe of cupcakes improves the physicochemical indicators of the finished product. Cupcakes made with the supplementation of fruit and vegetable powders also have a low energy value and contain a large amount of pectin substances. Therefore, we recommend using these powders in the manufacture of other products as well.

Milk is a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, magnesium, casein. Its advantages are the pleasant taste, dietary features and the ability to quench thirst. However, in hygienic terms, it is not without drawbacks. In particular, milk is a beneficial environment for the development of various microorganisms, including pathogens, as a result of which it can easily become a carrier of infectious diseases. Therefore, the task was set to investigate the risks associated with the transmission of a number of dangerous zoonotic infectious diseases, in particular brucellosis and tuberculosis. To this end, organoleptic and laboratory studies were carried out on 20 samples of unpasteurized milk purchased from private individuals in different administrative districts of the city of Yerevan. Through organoleptic method the color, smell, taste, texture of milk was determined. Under laboratory conditions, pH, purity, density, total acidity, bacterial contamination of milk and the presence of brucellosis antibodies and causative agents of tuberculosis were detected. Milk samples were also examined for starch and soda content (milk adulteration).