A green house experiment was carried out in two successive seasons on date Palm plantlets (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Bartomouda) from 2012 to 2013, to evaluated the effectiveness of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer at four treatments as (T2) 5 g/l ammonium sulfate 20 % (1 g nitrogen), (T3) 3 g/l potassium nitrate 33% (1 g nitrogen) and (T4) 2 g/l urea (46%) with the irrigation water one time/ week.The design of the experiment was randomized complete with three replicates. The results revealed that, plant height cm, leaves numbers, root length cm and numbers, and fresh and dry weights of leaves and roots were increasing highly significantly with 3 g/l of potassium nitrate graduated by 2 g/l urea and 5 g/l ammonium sulfate respectively at both seasons. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents showed significant rising with 3 g/l potassium nitrate. Greatest significant contents of indole and proline were obtained under T3 for two seasons. Leaves nitrogen content N was increased by 2 g/l urea in the two seasons; on the other hand, root nitrogen content was increased with treatment 3 g/l potassium nitrate, sequenced by T2 and T4 treatments. Leaves and roots phosphorus P content significantly raising under 3g/l potassium nitrate and 5 g/l ammonium sulfate for two seasons. In the presence of 5 g/l ammonium sulfate and 3 g/l potassium nitrate leaves and root potassium content K were largest at two seasons respectively. This research shows that the nitrogen formula as potassium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > urea were recommended to highly increasing growth of date palm plantlets in the green house.

A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of salinity and potassium at different levels alone or in various combinations on growth, mineral and proline content in leaves of plantlets of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Bartomouda (in vitro production, two years old from acclima tized them). The following treatments were applied: three levels of salinity Na Cl + Ca C12 w.w 2:1 (14000, 16000 and 18000 ppm.) and two levels of potassium (2000 and 3000 ppm) in addition to control (no salts or potassium used), salts and potas sium were added in the irrigation water. In general, all levels of salinity significantly decreased various growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and roots, root length, fresh and dry weights of leaves than that of the control. These parameters were decreased with increasing salinity levels, whereas it, significantly increased Na, Ca and K contents in leaves with high content of proline. The treatment 18000 ppm salts gave the highest significant reduction of the growth parameters, while caused an increase in proline Na, Ca, and K contents compared to control treatment (no salts) . This was true in both seasons. The applications of potassium significantly increased the previous growth parameters as compared with the control treatment (without salts and potassium) the treatment 3000 ppm had the highest results. Moreover the applications of potassium gave high alleviated the negative effects of salt stress, the treatment 3000 ppm gave the best results on the growth parameters of date palm plantlets grown under salinity condition . Regarding the interaction the obtained data revealed that the interaction between treatment 3000 ppm potassium and 14000 salts produced the highest significant results. Gen erally, from the obtained results it can conclude that the plantlets of date palm produced by tissue culture can be tolerated salt stress by addition of potassium which can significantly ameliorate the harmful effects of salts, positive effects on the growth parameters of the plantlets was showed by potassium applications.

Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2005 and 2006 at Banha (Qalubia Governorate) to study the effect of three rates of poultry manures (50, 75 and 100 N unit/fed.) and the biofertilizer nitrogen (nitroben) on growth, yield, quality and chemical composi-tion of squash. Obtained data showed that using 100 N unit/fed. from poultry manure gave the highest vegetative growth characters, yield and quality. Application 100 N unit/fed. from poultry manure also increased the nitrogen percentage and heavy metals in squash tissues. In addition, using nitroben biofertilizer gave the highest vegetative growth characters, yield, quality and nitrogen per-centage. On the contrary, nitroben biofertilizer reduced the heavy metals in squash tissues

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of acidifiers on growth performance and immunity of the African catfish C. gariepinus. This experiment was carried out in the wet lab of Fish Production Branch, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. A total of 120 fish were selected as healthy catfish which had a uniform size and average weight of 94.93 ± 0.89 g. A thirty of catfish were used in each treatment divided into three replicates as (10 fish/ quadrate tank). Four experimental diets were formulated at 35 % crude protein with different levels of organic acid blend (OAB); diet was supplemented with 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml of organic acid per kilogram diet. Growth parameters, apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract were measured. The chemical proximate analysis for whole-body of fish was conducted at the end of the experimental period. Hematological parameters of fish and liver function enzymes were also measured. The fish group fed on 0.6 % organic acids blend showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) increase in total weight gain (438 ± 14.24 g), specific growth rate, best feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio and highest protein efficiency than the rest of experimental groups. The highest apparent digestibility for crude protein were achieved in the third fish group which fed diet supplemented with acidifiers at 4 ml / kg diet and have significant difference (P < 0.05) with other groups. Data obtained in hepatosomatic index % showed no significant difference among different treatment refers to the health status of liver. However, ALAT  and ASAT recorded high values in the higher group of OAB-treated fish indicating that liver could be affected. Hematological parameters were in normal range except for PCV, Hb, RBCs, and WBCs count which were decreased in the high dose of treated fish. Finally, it could be concluded that using of acidifiers as feed additives at lower doses can enhance growth, productivity and immunity of the African catfish (C. gariepinus).

The evaluate some safety treatments including: mulching, tunnels, natural yeast extract, antioxidant and two rhizobacteria Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens towards root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil and consequently their probable effects on growth parameters, chemical components and yield of strawberry compared to untreated control. Results of this study confirmed that all used treatments, significantly reduced all related nematode parameters i.e. number of galls/root system; number of egg masses/root system as well as number of juveniles/250 g soil (either after 2 or 4 months) when compared to plants grown in the naturally infested soil only. The highest percentage of reduction in all related nematode parameters were noticed after 4 months. Mulching, S. marcescens, P. fluorescens and tunnels, played an important role in reducing the percentage of nematode parameters. Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%, followed by tunnels by 75% and P. fluorescens by 70%. S. marcescens reduced the percentage of egg masses/root system by 80% followed by P. fluorescens by 78% and mulching by 76%. Results indicated that the soil treated with mulching, also significantly reduced the percent age of juvenile numbers/250 g soil by 79% followed by S. marcescens by 73%. . Results revealed that all previous treatments significantly increased the early and total yield. Our results confirmed that, the rhizobacterium S. marcescens came in the first rank as a promoter of all related plant growth characters, followed by tunnels and mulching treatments. Results confirmed that also the antioxidants, are considered the effective one in enhancing the activities of peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as T:S.S% and V.C followed by the natural yeast extract.

This study aimed to establishing a protocol for producing in-vitro plants of Rosa Damascene. The culture was conducted at the Commission of Biotechnology in Damascus. Four types of explants were cultured on MS medium and some factors affecting culture were examined. The results showed that no viruses were observed, the lateral buds were superior over other explants, then the lateral microcuttings, after that, the apical microcuttings, and, finally, the shoot tips. The highest multiplication rate was observed at the hormonal combinations of (benzyl adenine BA 3mg/I with indole-3-acetic acid IAA 0.1 mg/1), and the highest elongation average were observed at ( IAA 0.1 mg/I with BA 2-6mg/I) or ( indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.1 with (BA) 5-6 mg/I). The transferring was positively effective. The highest rooting percentage was observed when naphthalene acetic acid NAA or IBA were used. (Berlite: peatmoss, 1:1) was the best growing medium for hardening.

Two pot experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2006 and 2007 to investigate the effect of irrigation with diluted saline water; i.e., 10, 30 and 50% in addition to Tap water as a control on growth, chemical composition, yield and tuber quality of three new sweet potato cultivars (Minufiya 6/96, Minufiya 2/96 and Minufiya 171/96) as well as the local cultivar (Mabrouka). The obtained results revealed that, saline water at 10 and 30% levels stimulated growth of sweet potato plants represented by plant height, number of leaves and branches, dry weight of shoots as well as the contents of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total carbohydrates, N, P, K+ and Ca++ in sweet potato leaves were also increased. Moreover, total water content (TWC), bound water (BW), bound / free water ratio (BW/FW) and relative water content (RWC) increased under these conditions. All these parameters decreased at the level of 50% salinity. Yield and its quality significantly increased at saline water at 10% level. Also, chemical composition of tuber roots; i.e., total carbohydrates, soluble sugars, carotene, starch and dry matter contents were enhanced under these conditions. All previous parameters decreased with increasing saline water up to 50%. Saline water levels increased Na+ content in the leaves. As for the tested cultivars, generally Minufiya 6/96 had the best growth and yield, was more stable in the chemical components and its roots had the highest nutrients value under the control and salt stress conditions, followed by Minufiya 2/96 then Minufiya 171/96. The tuber roots yield of Mabrouka cultivar was completely depressed at 30 and 50% salinity levels. As for interaction between cultivars and salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (50%) lead to a significant decrease in all growth parameters, RWC, TWC, bound water (BW), bound water / free water (BW/FW), chemical composition, yield and its quality in all new tested cultivars. While, Mabrouka cultivar showed a significant decrease in these parameters under the all salinity levels. Accordingly, Minufiya 6/96 was the highest tolerant to the tested salinity stress, followed by Minufiya 2/96 and Minufiya 171/96. On the other hand, Mabrouka cultivar sensitive to salinity.

A pot experiment was carried out in summer season of 2006 to evaluate the different concentrations effect of foliar application of methanol and pink pigmented facultative methelotrophic bacteria (PPFM) on some growth parameters and yield of cotton plant. Data showed that, the highest growth rate value was obtained with PPFM isolates from wheat with 1% methanol. The growth rate of PPFM isolates decreased with increasing the methanol concentration. Foliar applications with 20% methanol with PPFM 3 or 4 spraying times gave the significantly highest values of cotton growth and yield parameters. Such two potent treatments increased  leaf area index (LAI) by 51.4 and 55.8 %; number of fruiting branches / plant by 53.1 and 58.0 %; number of total bolls / plant by 38.1 and 43.0 %; seed cotton weight / boll by 37.1 and 48.2 % and seed cotton yield / plant by 46.1 and 50.8, respectively than the control.

This study was conducted for comparing three slow release N fertilizers namely, sulphur-coated urea (SCU), phosphorus – coated urea (PCU) and Enciabene with the conventional fast release N fertilizer namely ammonium nitrate each at the recommended rate of N i.e., 1000 g N/tree/year for growth characters on the three growth flushes, percentages of leaf N, P and K in the Spring growth cycle, date of first bloom, number of panicles/tree, fruit retention %, yield as well as physical and chemical characters of fruits in two mango cvs Figri Kelan and Keitt during 2004 and 2005 seasons. Results showed that suppling the trees of both mango cvs with the three slow release N fertilizers were superior to the application of the fast one in improving shoot length, number of leaves / shoot and leaf area in the three growth cycles, percentages of leaf N, number of panicles / tree as well as physical and chemical properies of the fruits. The slow release N fertilizers slightly advanced first bloom date. Application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU), phosphorus-coated urea (PCU) and Enciabene (ENC) in a descending order, was very favorable in this connection. These results were true for both mango cvs. It is suggested to fertilize the trees of both mango cvs Figri Kelan and Keitt with N at 1000g/tree/year as sulphur-coated urea fertilizer (2.4 Kg/tree/year) for obtaining an economical yield with fairly good fruit quality