The ultimate goal of this study is to find out the most suitable combinations of adjacent crops that reduce house sparrows damage. The experiments were established using single and double combinations of four wintery crops. Namely, soft wheat, hard wheat, sunflower, and barley. The double cultivations were designed by growing varying crops nearby a fixed one crop as follows 1- (soft wheat alone), (soft wheat- near sunflower), ( soft wheat near – barley), and (soft wheat near – hard wheat) 2- (barley alone),(barley- near soft wheat), (barley near - hard wheat), and (barely- near sunflower) 3-(hard wheat alone),( hard wheat- near barley), (hard wheat near – sunflower), and ( hard wheat near – soft wheat). The experimental results revealed the following; the damage percentage of house sparrows to soft wheat was 25.9 %, but when grown nearby sunflower, barley, and hard wheat the soft wheat damage reached 5.9 %, 25.9 %, and 33.3 %, respectively. In single cultivation of barley, house sparrows damage was 8.2 %, but when grown nearby soft wheat, hard wheat and sunflower, the barley damage reached 13.5 %, 1.7 % and 1.2 %, respectively. Single cultivation of hard wheat house sparrows damage was 0.0 %, while when grown adjacent to barley, sunflower, and soft wheat, the hard wheat damage reached 0.0 %,0.0 % 3.8 %, respectively. In single cultivation of sunflower, house sparrows damage was 20.2 %, while when grown nearby, barley, soft wheat , and hard wheat, the sunflower damage reached 9.5 %, 10.2 % and 36.3 %, respectively. Results obtaine from this study revealed the following: 1- sunflower could be grown nearby barley and / or soft wheat, but away from hard wheat; 2- barley could be grown nearby sunflower and /or soft wheat, but away from hard wheat; 3- soft wheat could be grown nearby sunflower, but away from hard wheat; 4- hard wheat could be grown nearby barley or sunflower, but away from soft wheat. These concomitant cultivations can be successfully practiced be small growers to protect their main crops from house sparrows attack naturally and effectively without using any pest control compounds and without any extra costs as well.

Wheat is the most important strategic crops in Syria because it supports the national economy and provides a loaf of bread. The evaluation of wheat validity or its suitability for the bread production as well as the quality of the resulted bread, depends on its flour characterizations and character of formed dough as well as on quality of the resulted bread. Three water treatments were applied as follows: 500, 400, 300 ml on seven varieties and five promising lines of bread wheat selected at ICARDA. After the harvest and getting the productivity, the protein and Farinograph test were assessed. Response of varieties and lines differed, depending on the water treatments. Also in the same water treatment the productivity varied among them clearly, but not associated with any of the studied technological indicators. A correlation relation between the percentage of protein and the irrigation rate, as well as between the Farinograph development time (FDT) and Farinograph Mixing Tolerance (FMT), was observed. Quality of the dough varied according to studied plant material and also by applied water treatment. Plant material studied was divided into four groups: two groups of them characterized weak dough to medium strength which were suitable for the Arabic bread, and other two characterized by strong dough to very strong which, were more suitable for French bread.