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A Theoretical Analysis of the Plate Heat Exchanger's Ideal Operating Conditions for Producing Soybean Milk
2023
Omnia Salama | Manal Sorour | Ashrf Anwer | Mostafa Abd El-salam
Heat exchanger optimization is a very efficient thermal design inquiry. The goal of the research is to determine an optimal channel flow velocity as well as an optimal total plate number based on overall information on the effectiveness of employing chilled water to cool soybean milk. Heat transfer coefficient, Prandtl number, Reynolds number and pressure drop measurements were applied for milk and water. The rheological properties of soybean milk have been investigated at various temperatures (5, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 °C). The operational circumstances of PHE in soybean procedures were investigated at different numbers of plates, flow rates and flow velocities. Based on the present study, total substances showed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic conduct in any respect at any temperature and the power law model has a decent correlation. The cost estimation of the plate heat exchanger was observed at the lowest flow velocity of (2.25) m/s and number of plates is 17.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Harvesting Microalgae by Chitosan as Sustainable Biopolymer
2023
Ola Obyd | Ayman Abou Hadid | Shawky Selim | Tarek El-Arabi
This study aimed to use the organic polymer, chitosan, as a flocculant for harvesting microalgae Chlorella. sp. Various polymer concentrations were tested. Within three min, 50 mg/L of chitosan showed the highest efficiency (98.9±0.5%), at pH 6.3, while the lowest efficiency (86.7±0.5%) was observed at pH 7.5. Harvesting efficiency in this study was chitosan concentration dependent. The present study showed that chitosan can be a promising and sustainable solution as an organic source and environmentally friendly flocculant. Additionally, it has excellent harvest productivity and requires minimum effort for quick outcomes.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evaluation of Biologically Treated Olive Mill Wastewater for Irrigation of Pea Plant
2023
Rokia yehia | Azza Abdelaal | Ahmed Abdelhafez
This study evaluated the use of biologically treated olive mill wastewater (OMWW) for irrigation of pea plants, rather than discharging this nutrient-rich liquid and polluting the environment. Pea seeds were planted in pots containing soil irrigated with tap water (control), untreated (crude) OMWW, or OMWW treated with the fungus, Pleurotus columbinus, or algae Spirulina platensis or Wollea sp., with two NPK rates. Plant length shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorophyll, and carotene contents were measured, along with to nitrogenase and dehydrogenase activity. The highest shoots' N and P contents were recorded in plants irrigated with Sp. platensis- treated OMWW + 100% NPK; while the highest K content was in plants irrigated with crude OMWW + 100% NPK. The highest dehydrogenase activity, 59.01 μg TPF/100 g soils, was recorded in plants irrigated with P. columbinus-treated OMWW supported with 75% NPK, while maximum nitrogenase activity (261.82 μmol/100g soil/day) occurred in plants irrigated with Wollea sp.-treated OMWW with 75% NPK. The highest content of chlorophylls a & b and carotene (0.838, 0.276, 0.252 mg/g dry weight, respectively) were found in plants irrigated with OMWW treated with Wollea sp. and 100% NPK. Thus, biologically-treated OMWW showed promising impacts on plant growth parameters.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Role of Vitamin C Supplementation in Alleviation of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Feed of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
2023
Sara El-Nahal | Mohamed Amer | Mohamed Osman | Kareem Ahmed
The purpose of the research was to illustrate the effects of feeding Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) with low doses of aflatoxins (AFs) with and without vitamin C supplementation to investigate the capacity of vitamin C in detoxification. Ten experimental diets were formulated and divided into three categories. The first category included: T1, T4 and T7 feedings included 20, 40 and 80 μg AFs kg−1 feed respectively, while both the second category T2, T5 and T8 and the third category T3, T6 and T9 were treated with contaminated feed with AFs for 57days then both categories shifted to different regime till the conclusion of the experimentation. The second category was fed uncontaminated feed while the third category was fed a supplemented diet with 100 mg Kg-1 of vitamin C. For 113 days the experiment was conducted. The results showed that shifting from a contaminated diet to an uncontaminated diet (category 2) or adding vitamin C to the contaminated diet (category 3) improved the deterioration that occurred in the values of growth performance, biochemical parameters and histological disorders caused by AFs. Furthermore, the results from the control group were superior to all the treatments.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Morphological and Molecular Identification of Penicillium digitatum Causing Green Mould of Citrus Fruits in Egypt
2023
Abdalrahman Desouki | Labiba Ahmed Reda | Mohamed Rashed | Shehata Shehata
Nine Penicillium digitatum isolates were isolated from citrus fruits and tested for their pathogenicity on Navel orange fruit (Citrus sinensis L.). In this regard, the isolates exhibited three different levels of virulence. The isolates were identified morphologically using malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) for colony characteristics, and MEA for microscopic features. Each one of the isolates has the unique features of P. digitatum, especially the largest conidia (6.1-11.9 µm long X 3.2-8 µm width), and phialides (10.1-21.4 µm long X 4-5.1 µm width). In addition, the isolates were identified on a molecular basis using ITS1 and ITS4 primers to confirm morphological identification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there was high variance among the isolates, and there were different relations between some of our isolates and other P. digitatum registered strains originating from different countries all over the world. The sequences were submitted to respective GenBank nucleotide databases with accession No. OR198852, OR198853, OR198854, OR198855, OR198856, OR198857, OR198858, OR198859 and OR198860. We also isolated a new P. digitatum (OB15: OR198859) strain with high virulence and rapid sporulation
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessment of Egyptian Local Sheep and Goat Productivity Under the Environmental Conditions of Coastal Zone of Western Desert and Upper Egypt
2023
Taha Abdelsabour | Hussein Mansour | Samir Messad | Manal Elsayed | Adel Aboulnaga | Veronique Alary
Livestock plays a significant role in food production, income generation, soil quality, transportation and the overall welfare of communities, especially in developing nations. Sheep and goats are vital sources of food, livelihood and urgent financial needs. Researching livestock practices can help optimize production, enhance productivity, and improve market access, ultimately boosting the economic well-being of developing communities. Research is needed to identify climate-resilient livestock practices, develop drought-resistant breeds, and optimize feed management strategies. By enhancing the resilience of livestock systems, research can help safeguard food security and livelihoods in the face of climate change. Climate change, evidenced by temperature changes and increased extreme weather events, negatively impacts traditional farming systems and livestock production by affecting pastures, feeds, water quality and livestock diseases. Breeds of the Coastal Zone of Western Desert (CZWD) such as the Barki sheep and goat as well as the Saidi breed in Upper Egypt (UE), have adapted to these harsh conditions and are crucial for smallholders. However, there's an information gap regarding these breeds' productivity in smallholder systems. This study utilizes the Twelve Month Monitoring (12MO) survey to estimate the productivity and demographic parameters of these breeds from 2018 to 2020.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Efficacy of Potassium Fertilizer and Certain Pesticides for the Management of Brinjal Fruit Infection by Shoot Borer [Leucinodes Orbonalis (Guenée)]
2023
Sagar bhandari | Bikash kandel | Pramod gyawali | Saurav pokhrel | Sushil ojha | Sarita bhandari
The research aims to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of potassium fertilizer (8 g/plant K2O) as well as the insecticides neemix, spinosad, and imidacloprid at the rates of 6 ml, 0.33 ml, and 0.33 g/L water, respectively, for the management of brinjal fruits and shoot borer. The two-factor randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Significant minimum shoot damage was recorded in the plots treated with imidacloprid (0%), spinosad (1.67%) and neemix (5.0%) at 81 days after planting. Similarly, a significant minimum fruit infestation (2.90%) was recorded with imidacloprid, which was lower than those of spinosad (15.16%) and neemix (19.63%). The application of potassium fertilizer at a rate of 8 g/plant showed a significant reduction in shoot infestation (2.50%) 81 days after planting. The minimum percentage yield of infested fruit was reported with spinosad (1.03%), which was at par with other insecticidal treatments. Considering the negative impacts of chemical pesticides, neemix 6 ml/L water in combination with potassium fertilizer at 8 g/plant is recommended.
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