Exercise-induced changes of pro-oxidant generating substances and muscle fibre damaging enzymes are the possible causes of reduced performance in endurance horses. Therefore, this study aims to investigate on the performance of different age and gender using biochemical profile of endurance horses during 120 km endurance race. One hundred and eighty four Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected post-race.&#xD;After physical examination, the MD (F, n= 44; G, n = 86) and SC (F, n = 20; G, n = 34) were identified. T-test and pairwise correlation were used for the analysis. There were significant differences in&#xD;CK, uric acid, lactate and age (P<0.0001) respectively between the gender in the MD and SC. There were significant differences in AST (P<0.0029) and GGT (P<0.0039) respectively between the gender in the&#xD;MD and SC. In conclusion age and gender significantly affect performance of endurance horses in relation to biochemical profile during 120 km endurance race. Therefore, further studies are required to determine if age, gender and biochemical profile could be used to assess performance in endurance horses.

In the conditions of biogeochemical zone of the Republic of Belarus the most important role in mineral metabolism is played by such major mineral elements as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements - cobalt, cupper, iron, iodine, zinc, manganese, and selenium. Based on the above there was determined the interrelation between the content of these minerals in fodder and blood of milking and dry pregnant cows. As a result of realized study it was found out that the content of major mineral elements and trace elements in fodder did not always correspond to their level in blood. In the conditions of insufficient supply of Ca, F, Mg, K, Fe, Си and Co in cow diets, the level of potassium in blood was lower standard and the other analysed minerals were within the standard limits. There was stated the direct correlation relationship between the level of some biochemical indices and content of mineral substances in cow diets. Positive correlation was stated between the content of calcium and magnesium and cholesterin level in blood

In animal feeding technology much attention is given to application of biologically active substances for metabolism stimulation. One of such biologically active substances is carnitine, an anabolic preparation of nonhormonal nature, cofactor in system of oxidation of fat acids. It participates in processes of acetylation at oxidation of fat acids together with acyl-CoA and other enzymes, promotes carrying over of cytoplasmatic Coa-derivatives of fat acids inside mitochondrions. It increases absorption speed from a digestive path of nutrients of forage, raises use of fat acids for the power purposes. Under its influence synthesis of triglycerides decreases and synthesis of phospho-lipids increases. Carnitine also protects cells against toxic accumulation of components of acyl-CoA of endogenic or exogenous origins, such as acylic groups of carnitine ethers which then can pass into liver for dissimilation or in kidneys for allocation in urine. Carnitine synthesis satisfies body requirements, but in the conditions of a hightened stress, high productivity, as well as in the conditions of lowered carnitine content in forage or in the conditions of the increased content of fats it should be applied as additive to diet. As a result of the realized study it was established, that the optimal quantity of carnitine application in diets for stores husbandry and fattening is dose of 50 g/t of mixed fodders. Application of carnitine in an optimum dose renders the positive impact on animal organism, promotes the increasing average daily weight gain on 5,1% (Р less than 0,001). Application of carnitine in diets of swine stores increases a slaughter yield on 2,1%, meat content per carcass - on 2,3%, a loin eye area - on 8,8%. Carnitine application in a dose 50 g/t of mixed fodders makes it possible to receive the additional profit at a rate of 4,57 USD per 1 head

The diseases of newborn calves with a diarrhea syndrome are the most often registered. Application of the prebiotic preparations Biofon and Biofon-AIL to newborn calves daily with colostrum, milk or water in a dose of 20 ml within 20 days, allows to normalize intestinal digestion of an organism of young growth of calves at the expense of activization of microbiocenosis, stimulates metabolism and nonspecific resistance. Use of prebiotics allows to lower disease of young growth at Biofon application on 20%, Biofon-AIL - on 30% and to increase daily average additional weight gain of calves accordingly on 10,4% and 15,9%. Medical and preventive efficiency of application of prebiotic and probiotic preparations at enteritises at calves reaches 80-90%. Prebiotic preparations Biofon and Biofon-AIL make active nonspecific humoral immunity and exchange processes at newborn calves and can successfully be used for preventive maintenance and therapy of diseases of newborn calves with a diarrhea syndrome | У новорожденных телят наиболее часто регистрируются заболевания с диарейным синдромом. Применение пребиотических препаратов Биофон и Биофон АИЛ новорожденным телятам ежедневно с молозивом, молоком или водой в дозе 20 мл в течение 20 дней, позволяет нормализовать кишечное пищеварение организма молодняка за счет активизации микробиоценоза, стимулируют обмен веществ и неспецифическую резистентность. Использование пребиотиков позволяет снизить заболеваемость молодняка при применении биофона -на 20%, биофона-АИЛ - на 30% и увеличить среднесуточные привесы массы телят соответственно на 10,4% и 15,9%. Лечебная и профилактическая эффективность применения пребиотических и пробиотических препаратов при энтеритах у телят достигает 80-90%. Пребиотики Биофон и Биофон АИЛ активизируют неспецифический гуморальный иммунитет и обменные процессы у новорожденных телят и могут успешно использоваться для профилактики и терапии заболеваний новорожденных телят с диарейным синдромом

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the activity of hepatic specific enzymes of blood serum of bull calves of black-and-white breed in course of application of various doses of zinc-containing preparations. Application of zinc-containing preparations led to multidirectional change of activity of hepatic specific serum enzymes. Application of Zinkovet preparation in dose of 1,8 g/100 kg of live weight made it possible to essentially grade the indexes of hepatic tissue affect. In the experimental group at animals there was marked the lowering in activity alanine-aminotransferase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. At the same time, there was noted the increasing of zinc-containing enzymes activity (sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase). All these processes were caused by zinc inclusion into the metabolic process.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was made a hepatospecific metabolic profile of cattle blood serum for complex appraisal of liver functional condition. Age-specific peculiarities of biochemical indices including the composition of hepatospecific metabolic profile of cattle blood serum were revealed. On the basis of obtained results there were calculated the appropriate correction coefficients which must be taken into consideration in objective interpretation of laboratory research.

The metabolism disorders of subclinical nature in pregnant cows are characterized with intoxication processes development, swift of acid - alkaline balance and cytolyses activation. The listed factors promote occurrence of neonatal pathology - congenital calve hypotrophy. Degree of display of the given pathology depends on severity level of the metabolism disorders in pregnant dry cows. In the tabular form results of the spent haemotological and biochemical research are presented: haemotological and biochemical indicators of blood pregnant dry cows for the 14-21 day prior to assumed calving; haemotological, biochemical and immunologic indicators of blood of newborn calves with various degree of antenatal hypotrophy. | Нарушение обмена веществ субклинической природы у стельных сухостойных коров характеризуется развитием интоксикационных процессов, сдвигом кислотно-щелочного равновесия и активацией цитолиза. Перечисленные факторы способствуют возникновению неонатальной патологии - врожденной гипотрофии телят. Степень проявления данной патологии зависит от степени тяжести нарушения обмена веществ у стельных сухостойных коров. В табличной форме представлены результаты проведенных гематологических и биохимических исследований: гематологические и биохимические показатели крови стельных сухостойных коров за 14-21 день до предполагаемого отела; гематологические, биохимические и иммунологические показатели крови новорожденных телят с различной степенью антенатального недоразвития.

The modern technology applied on poultry enterprises of the Republic of Belarus made provision for high concentration of poultry population density at the comparatively small housing areas of integrated poultry farms which caused the deterioration of sanitary conditions in poultry houses, especially by the end of the growing period. Broiler chickens grown under such conditions were constantly experiencing the microbe stress which eventually caused the heightened culling and poultry losses caused by different diseases caused both by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora. For the current disinfection in presence of poultry it was proposed to use sprayings with malic and succinic acids, which made it possible to realize not only the air sanation in poultry houses, but also increase broiler chicken viability. The highest bactericidal activity of apple acid aerosol against air microflora was stated within 3 hours after carrying out indoors treatment. After disinfection the general microbic air contamination decreased in 2-10 times, quantity of microorganisms of colimorphic groups and staphilococcus in 1,4-1,75 and 2-10 times, respectively, in comparison with the original air values realized before air treatment in poultry houses. In the following, there was stated the gradual increase of a level of microbic air contamination within 24 hours. The best effect of the preparation was stated against Staphylococcus. Thus, the quantity of Staphylococcus in air decreased in 10 times in comparison with initial data

The influence of various light regimes on productive indices of broiler chickens cultivation of СОВВ cross taking into consideration the course of some exchange processes was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. There were formed 4 groups of one-day-old chickens with the approximately identical body weight. For the chickens of a control group there was used the standard for Belarusian poultry farms light regime, i.e. 23 hours of light and 1 hour of darkness (23L:1D), in three experimental groups there were used the following light regimes: first - (3L:1D) х 6, second - (2L:1D) х 8, third - (1L:1D) х 12. The predetermined conditions were set by means of filament lamps with 15 W capacity. Throughout the whole experiment there was realized the identical feeding level for all groups: during the first growing period (1-30 days) chickens were fed with mixed fodder PK 5B containing 22% of crude protein and 296,6 kcal of exchange energy, during second period (31-42 days) - PC 6B containing 20% of crude protein and 332,2 kcal. In the applied mixed fodders there was used enzyme Rovabio. Research results showed that metabolic processes occurring in chicken body in the majority opf cases depended on application of various light regimes. Interchange of light and darkness periods (3 hours of light and 1 hour of darkness) х 6 at light exposure in 15 lk rendered the positive effect on the activity of endocrine systems of chickens of СОВВ crosses. In mentioned above group of chickens the hormones directed their metabolic processes towards increasing the productive indices, namely: daily average gain of chickens of the first group was authentically higher than the same index in the second and the third groups on 13,6% and 17,9%, respectively

Influence of inorganic and organic salts of lithium on activity of amplifiers and concentration of metabolites in plasma of chicken blood in the process of vaccination against infectious bursal disease was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. After administration of lithium of citrate, sulfate and succinate there were noted the metabolic disorders. Research results testified that a dry live-viral vaccine on the basis of a strain KMIEhV-61 did not render essential influence on biochemical indicators of blood plasma. At the same time, immunization of chickens against application of salts of lithium (carbonate, sulphate, citrate, succinate) caused to authentic decrease in activity of alanine aminotransferase that testified to function oppression of hepatocytes. Application of lithium of citrate, sulfate and succinate made it possible to considerably increase the concentration of uric acid that was connected, apparently, with infringement of secretory function of kidneys. Metabolic disorders were observed in various terms of research - at 3, 7 and 14 days after vaccine administration. | Изучено влияние неорганических и органических солей лития на активность индикаторных ферментов и концентрацию метаболитов в плазме крови цыплят при вакцинации против инфекционной бурсальной болезни (ИББ). Выявлены метаболические нарушения при использовании лития цитрата, сульфата и сукцината. Полученные результаты исследований свидетельствуют о том, что сухая живая вирус-вакцина из штамма КМИЭВ-61 не оказывает существенного влияния на биохимические показатели плазмы крови. В то же время иммунизация цыплят на фоне применения солей лития (карбонат, сульфат, цитрат, сукцинат) приводит к достоверному снижению активности АлТ, что свидетельствует об угнетении функции гепатоцитов. Применение лития цитрата, сульфата и сукцината способствует также достоверному повышению концентрации мочевой кислоты, что связано, по-видимому, с нарушением выделительной функции почек. Метаболические нарушения наблюдаются в различные сроки исследований - на 3, 7 и 14 дни после введения вакцины.