A 5-month-old, 5kg, intact male mixed dog was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University because of severe systolic murmur. On physical examination, the dog appeared to be thin and slightly small for his age. Radiographic studies with barium sulfate clearly showed the presence of loops of intestines in the pericardium. Based on these findings peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed. Many abnormalities were found in dog's heart: ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis with moderate pulmonic value insufficiency, and mild mitral and tricuspid valve insufficiency. Puppy's longterm prognosis was fair. His interstines were removed from his pericardium and the defect in his deaphragm was closed. The surgery went smoothly and puppy recovered very nicely from anesthesia.

The mechanism of estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is unknown, although evidence indicates that estrogen does not directly damage the bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and that the thymus is a probable mediator of the bone marrow suppression. Estrogen-induced production of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor by canine thymic stromal cells in vitro has been observed. Then, presence of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor in canine serum was investigated immediately after estrogen administration in vivo. Maximal reduction in colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage growth by sera from individual dogs varied. Individual dog sensitivity to estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is seen clinically, and the cause is unknown. This serum factor could have a role in the eventual bone marrow hypoplasia seen in estrogen-treated dogs and is possibly the same factor produced by cultured thymic stromal cells exposed to estrogen.

To investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the neurotensin-, pancreatic polypeptide(PP)- and gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole withhindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 weeks after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods(PAP methods). Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus of the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, but these cells were not detected after that periods. PP-immunoreactive cells were dectected from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. These cells were most predominant in the pylorus. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were observed from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus. According to these results, most of immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog were appeared after the complete metamorphosed periods, in which the complete differentiation of structure of gastrointestinal tract were occurred, and variable changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency with developmental stages were observed.

The 2,078 blood samples from 148 swine farms were collected and tested by IFA for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) virus antibody to know what type of PRRS prevails by the area. Clnically reproductive form of PRRS occurred in swine farms of 3/27, 3/87, and 2/34 in estern, central and western areas, but the seroprevalence of those areas ws different as 6.5%, 23.3%, and 17.6%, respectively. However, respiratory form of PRRS occurred more frequently, and the number of farms manifested with the respiratory form of PRRS in the eastern, central and western areas was 22/27, 71/87, and 30/34, respectively. The seroprevalence of that form of PRRS in the eastern, central and western areas was 52.2%m 67.1%, and 51.6%, respectively. Sybsequently mixed form of PRRS ocurred more frequently in the central area and the number of farms of eastern, central and western areas was 2/27, 13/87, and 2/34, respectively. The PRRS seroprevalence of the eastern, central and western areas was 58.6%, 54.0%, and 19.2%, respectively. Collectively the PRRS seroprevalence of eastern, central and western areas was 43.8%, 59.3%, and 38.2%, respectively. Overall seroprevalence of PRRS in Korea was 51.8%. In conclusion, the reproductive or the respiratory form of PRRS has been still in trouble inthe Korean swine industry and PRRS control measures have to be taken in consideration.

Development of the rickettsia, Anaplasma marginale, salivary glands of male Dermacentor andersoni exposed as nymphs or adult ticks, was studied indirectly by inoculation of susceptible calves with homogenates and directly by examination, using light microscopy and a DNA probe; some unfed ticks were incubated before tissues were collected. Salivary gland homogenates made from ticks in every treatment group caused anaplasmosis when injected into susceptible calves; prepatent periods decreased as the time that ticks had fed increased. Colonies of A marginale were seen only in salivary glands of ticks exposed as adults and not in those exposed as nymphs; the percentage of salivary gland acini infected in these ticks increased linearly with feeding time. However, the probe detected A marginale DNA in salivary glands of ticks from both groups; the amount of DNA detected increased as feeding time was extended. The amount of A marginale DNA appeared to remain constant in gut tissues, but to increase in salivary glands. Salivary glands of adult-infected male ticks that were incubated, but did not feed a second time, became infected with A marginale, and the pattern of infection of acini varied with incubation temperature. Development of A marginale in salivary glands appears to be coordinated with the tick feeding cycle; highest infection rate was observed in ticks exposed as adults.