Objective-To determine the effects of once-daily oral administration of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) on plasma and urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in cats with idiopathic cystitis (IC). Animals-19 cats with IC and 10 clinically normal cats. Procedures-Cats with IC were randomly assigned to receive 250 mg of NAG in capsule form orally once daily for 28 days (n = 12) or a placebo (capsule containing cellulose) orally once daily for the same period (7). In cats with IC, plasma and urine GAG concentrations and urine creatinine concentration were measured on days 0 (immediately before first dose), 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56. For purposes of comparison, those variables were measured in 10 clinically normal cats on day 0. Results-Mean +/- SEM urine GAG-to-creatinine concentration ratios (day 0 data) for cats with IC and clinically normal cats differed significantly (3.11 +/- 0.62 μg/mL and 14.23 +/- 3.47 μg/mL, respectively). For cats with IC, mean plasma GAG concentration in NAG-treated cats (39.96 +/- 5.34 micrograms/mL) was higher than that in placebo-treated cats (24.20 +/- 3.35 micrograms/mL) on day 21. In the NAG-treated cats, plasma GAG concentration on days 21 (39.96 +/- 5.34 micrograms/mL) and 28 (39.91 +/- 6.74 micrograms/mL) differed significantly from the day 0 concentration (27.46 +/- 3.90 micrograms/mL). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Cats with IC have lower urinary GAG-to-creatinine concentration ratios than did clinically normal cats. Administration of NAG (250 mg, PO, q 24 h) significantly increased plasma GAG concentrations in cats with IC after 21 days of treatment.

Objective: This study assessed the effect of cellulose sheets fortified with Natamycin-loaded algi¬nate nanoparticles on the growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production on the superficial layer of Egyptian Romy cheese after 12 weeks of maturation. Materials and Methods: Toxigenic A. flavus (GenBank accession No. MT645073) was inoculated into the outer surface of Egyptian Romy cheese (at 5 log CFU/gm) and wrapped with a cellulose sheet fortified with Natamycin-loaded alginate nanoparticles. Unwrapped control contaminated Romy wheels were made as well as non-contaminated wrapped cheese wheels for sensory eval¬uation. Romy cheese wheels were stored at a temperature similar to commercial methods for 12 weeks. Fungal counts were enumerated during this time, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay detected aflatoxin after the 4th week of maturation storage. Results: In cheese samples covered with cellulose sheets containing Natamycin-loaded alginate nanoparticles, the fungal count was reduced by 2 log approximately in contrast to control samples after the 2nd week of storage. However, within the 8th week of storage, the greatest significant reduction (p < 0.05) was seen where fungal growth was hindered entirely to the end of the rip¬ening period. The mean values for taste, color, flavor, and overall acceptability were 4, 4.7, 4.09, and 4.3, respectively. Furthermore, in the treated samples, the total aflatoxin concentration was decreased by 78.6% relative to the untreated control one. Conclusion: Using cellulose sheets fortified with Natamycin-loaded alginate nanoparticles in Egyptian Romy cheese wrapping could be an effective way of controlling A. flavus and subsequent aflatoxin production without influencing the typical taste, color, flavor, and overall appearance of traditional Romy cheese. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(1.000): 58-63]

The hemoglobin phenotype and the gene frequencies of 44 Formosan deer (Cervus nippon) in Kyunggido Korea [R.] area were examined by using cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis. The method of cellulose acetate electrophoresis was simpler, more clear and preserative than starch gel electrophoresis. The hemoglobin phenotype had 3 types as (HbF) (HbFS and HbS). The frequencies of appearence were HbF 47.7% HbFS 47.7% and HbS 4.5%, respectively. The genetic factors of hemoglobin were observed as HbF and HbS and the rates of gene frequencies were 71.6% and 28.4% respectively