OBJCTIVE To investigate the effects of dietary lipid overload on bile acid metabolism and gallbladder motility in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 7 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES In a crossover study, dogs were fed a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for a period of 2 weeks. After a 4-month washout period, dogs were fed the other diet for 2 weeks. Before and at the end of each feeding period, the concentrations of each of the gallbladder bile acids, cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced gallbladder motility, and bile acid metabolism–related hepatic gene expression were examined in all dogs. RESULTS The HFCD significantly increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations. The HFCD also increased the concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and decreased the concentration of taurocholic acid in bile and reduced gallbladder contractility, whereas the LFD significantly decreased the concentration of taurodeoxycholic acid in bile. Gene expression analysis revealed significant elevation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression after feeding the HFCD for 2 weeks, but the expression of other genes was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Feeding the HFCD and LFD for 2 weeks induced changes in gallbladder bile acid composition and gallbladder motility in dogs. In particular, feeding the HFCD caused an increase in plasma total cholesterol concentration, an increase of hydrophobic bile acid concentration in bile, and a decrease in gallbladder sensitivity to CCK. These results suggested that similar bile acid compositional changes and gallbladder hypomotility might be evident in dogs with hyperlipidemia.

in some parts of the intestinal tract, which play an important and primary role in the secretion of certain hormones that regulate important organs of the body. The aim of this study is to examine the site endocrine cells in the mucous layer of the five male Turkey. The areas where endocrine cells in the mucous layer of the five male in the Turkish examined by using immunohistochemistry technique material. Samples were taken from five birds from the Turkish males ages ranging from 1-2 years. It was used immunohistochemistry textile technology and (ChromograinnA), which is a special detector Endocrine intestinal cells, four types of hormones. Immune chemical examination in the mucous layer duodenum and the presence of hormones, glucose insulin tropic polypeptide(GIP) results showed (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) glucagon-like peptide2 (GLP-2) in epithelial cells group along the internal axis of the villi, chemical immunological results for many of the sections shown note chromogranin A detector particularly for intestinal endocrine cells, the cells that cholecystokinin(CCK) , glucose insulin tropic polypeptide contain hormones (GIP) and glucagon peptide GLP-1 2)) containing this reagent indicating confirm the location of these cells, a gastric endocrine cells . The presence of these hormones in the mucous layer of the Duodenal decreases as we move away from the duodenal