The research study the distribution patterns and residues behavior of Pb, Cr and Co between dairy products [yoghurt, cheese and fatty dairy products ( kishfa, Gaymer and cream)] and their by-products (whey and skim milk) manufactured from experimentally polluted raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The studied metals (Pb, Cr and Co) were concentrated in both cheese and fatty dairy products (kishfa, gaymer and cream) as they recorded concentration factors in cheese produced from raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk of 3.849, 3.466 and 2.452, 3.804, 2.938 and 2.342 and 2.995, 2.682 and 2.336 folds, respectively and 3.693, 3.164 and 2.339, 3.347, 2.773 and 2.242 and 2.601, 2.156 and 2.14 folds, respectively in kishfa, gaymer and cream produced from raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk compared with metals concentrations reported in raw milk used for preparing these products, whereas the by-products of cheese and fatty dairy products processing (whey and skim milk, respectively) contained Pb, Cr and Co concentrations lower than these present in raw milk as they recorded reduction levels of 71.6, 58 and 31.7, 63.7, 39.5 and 27 and 31.4, 20 and 9.5%, respectively in whey and 37.3, 29.9 and 12.1, 41.7, 27 and 19.3 and 21.3, 7.8 and 5.2%, respectively in skim milk. Yoghurt processed from the raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk contained Pb, Cr and Co metals at mean concentration levels similar to and slightly less than those found in raw milk as the reduction levels amounted 0, 0.6 and 1, 0.1, 0.7 and 1.4 and 0.6, 0.8 and 1.9%, respectively. Generally, metals exhibited significant differences (p˂0.05) in their distribution and residues behavior in dairy products and their by-products and comparable to raw milk used in processing as they arranged as follows: cheese> fatty dairy products (kishfa, Gaymer and cream)> raw milk> yoghurt> skim milk> whey, except yoghurt and raw milk which difference was not significant (p˂0.05). Also, metals found in studying dairy products in the order of Pb > Cr > Co, in contrast to their by-products as they arranged reversibly. Finally, metals concentrated in cheese and kishfa produced from raw ewe̓ s milk, in addition to cheese and gaymer produced from raw buffalo̓ s milk at levels significantly higher (p˂0.05) than those present in cheese and cream produced from raw cow̓ s milk.

Objective: To provide values for gastrointestinal permeability and absorptive function tests (GIPFTs) with chromium 51 (51Cr)-labeled EDTA, lactulose, rhamnose, d-xylose, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, and sucrose in Beagles and to evaluate potential correlations between markers. Animals: 19 healthy adult male Beagles. Procedures: A test solution containing 3.7 MBq of 51Cr-labeled EDTA, 2 g of lactulose, 2 g of rhamnose, 2 g of d-xylose, 1 g of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, and 8 g of sucrose was administered intragastrically to each dog. Urinary recovery of each probe was determined 6 hours after administration. Results: Mean ± SD (range) percentage urinary recovery was 6.3 ± 1.6% (4.3% to 9.7%) for 51Cr-labeled EDTA, 3.3 ± 1.1% (1.7% to 5.3%) for lactulose, 25.5 ± 5.0% (16.7% to 36.9%) for rhamnose, and 58.8% ± 11.0% (40.1% to 87.8%) for 3-O-methyl-d-glucose. Mean (range) recovery ratio was 0.25 ± 0.06 (0.17 to 0.37) for 51Cr-labeled EDTA to rhamnose, 0.13 ± 0.04 (0.08 to 0.23) for lactulose to rhamnose, and 0.73 ± 0.09 (0.60 to 0.90) for d-xylose to 3-O-methyl-d-glucose. Median (range) percentage urinary recovery was 40.3% (31.6% to 62.7%) for d-xylose and 0% (0% to 0.8%) for sucrose. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Reference values in healthy adult male Beagles for 6 of the most commonly used GIPFT markers were determined. The correlation between results for 51Cr-labeled EDTA and lactulose was not as prominent as that reported for humans and cats; thus, investigators should be cautious in the use and interpretation of GIPFTs performed with sugar probes in dogs with suspected intestinal dysbiosis.

The 51Cr-labeled EDTA was validated as a suitable permeability probe in dogs for measurement of passive, unmediated diffusion across intestinal mucosa via intercellular pathways. The 51Cr-labeled EDTA was stable in aqueous solution and did not bind to biologic tissue and fluids. After incubation of 51Cr-labeled EDTA in isolated jejunal loops, analytic subcellular fractionation of jejunal mucosa on reorientating sucrose-density gradients was performed, and no association of 51Cr-labeled EDTA with particulate intracellular organelles was detected. Intravenously administered 51Cr-labeled EDTA was rapidly and completely excreted in urine. Intestinal permeability to 51Cr-labeled EDTA after oral administration was assessed in healthy dogs. The percentage of the administered dose of 51Cr-labeled EDTA excreted in the urine in 24 hours ranged from 2.3 to 17.6% (median, 13%).

One of an ecological hazardous agent Chromium; Cr (VI), The present experiment in vitro design to examine the mechanism of Leydig cell functions of Cr (VI) in ram testis, Cr (VI) treated groups demising cell growth behavior of exponential phase was upset of feeding time to Leydig cell in a dose-dependent manner, and induced mitochondria-dependent ATP depletion and subsequently apoptosis. Cr (VI) effect may be attributed, at least in part to DNA fragmentation increase DNA tail number and tail length of COMET as compared with control group. Furthermore, the properties of cell-specific regulation of cell membrane integrity had reduced and determinant cell concentration drop an.d reflected on the testosterone concentration were decreased as concentration-dependent manner, In conclusion, our results display the Cr (VI) is cytotoxic and impairs both viability and steroidogenic functions of Leydig cells in ram testis via actually different pathway direct affecting of viability and indirect on steroidogenic activity, succeeding in testicular performance. However, the definite modes of action of harmfulness are not evidently unknown and must be rechecked and studied in a different aspect

Afeeding trial was conducted in layers for a period of8 weeks (23-30 weeks old) to evaluate the effect of chromium picolinate supplementation on egg yolk cholesterol and egg chromium content in layers.Atotal of (n=120) layers were randomly distributed in completely randomized design into 4 treatmentgroupseachwith2 replicates of 5chicks.The layers of treatment group T1(control)were provided water without chromiumwhile those of T2,T3andT4were provided water containing 200, 400 and 600 ppb chromium / litre respectively.At the end of feeding trial, six eggs from each replicate, on last three days were used for egg yolk cholesterol and egg chromium studies. The results indicated that the total cholesterol andLDL cholesterol content of eggs were significantly (P0.05) reduced and HDL-cholesterol content significantly increased in 400 and 600 ppb chromium supplemented group of layers. Whereas chromium content of eggs increased with increasing levels of chromium supplementation. It was concluded that organic chromium supplementation up to 600 ppb level through water may be advisable to reduce egg yolk total cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol and improved HDL-cholesterol and egg chromium content.

This study was conducted to assess the influence of chromium on the carcass traits in crossbred (Large White Yorkshire X Landrace) pigs fed with swill feeding for a period of 5 months. Early-weaned crossbred piglets (n=24) were selected for this study, and the piglets were randomly divided into three equal groups; Group I, II, and III. The piglets were reared by following standard health coverage protocols. The feeds of Group I and II were supplemented with chromium in the form of chromium tripicolinate at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg of swill feed respectively, and Group III was kept as control. Carcass weight, carcass length, and bone percentage showed no significant difference among the three groups. However, better dressing percentage was observed in Group I (p<0.05). Liver and kidney weights were reduced in chromium supplemented groups (p<0.05). Chromium supplemented groups showed lower backfat thickness and fat percentage (p<0.01); whereas, loin eye areas and muscle percentage were increased as compared to the control group. Thus, it was concluded that chromium supplementation in feed of crossbred piglets influenced positively in their carcass traits.