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Comparison of the neuron bodies number in different gyrus of brain cortex of malnourished dogs | Efeitos comportamentais da exposição aguda ao gliposato em camundongos Balb/c machos e fêmeas
2013
Andréia de Oliveira Joaquim | Helenice de Souza Spinosa | Daclé Juliane Macrini | Paula Andreotti Rodrigues | Esther Lopes Ricci | Thais Spaggiari Artiolli | Natália Moreira | Ivana Barbosa Suffredini | Maria Martha Bernardi
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The aim of this study was to verify the quantitative alterations of the neurons bodies in the brain cortex of malnourished dogs. Seven brains of mongrel male dogs that were previously diagnosticated as malnourished were collected. The dogs had similar constitutionalist characteristics of cranium (mesaquicefalus). It was chosen different gyrus of the brain cortex to been study; those gyrus were sampled, prepared according to conventional histological technique and stained by modified cresil violet, for becoming evident the neurons bodies. The slides were analyzed with the 20x ocular. Our results indicate an expressive reduction in the number of neuron bodies in malnourished dogs (10,8), when compared with dogs in normal nutrition conditions (16,35). In conclusion, it’s possible that the malnutrition leads to a reduction of neurons bodies in brain cortex of dogs, when compared to those with normal condition of nutrition.</span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning /> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents /> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps /> </w:Compatibility> 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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> | <p>Neste trabalho investigou-se em camundongos BALB/c, machos e fêmeas, os efeitos comportamentais da exposição aguda a uma formulação comercial do glifosato (GF) em uma dose duas vezes maior que a dose sem efeito observado(NOAEL). A neurotoxicidade aguda ao GF foi determinada por meio da análise da atividade geral, de parâmetros sensoriais, psicomotores, do sistema nervoso central e autônomo em machos e fêmeas. Os efeitos exploratório, de ansiedade e depressão induzidos pelo GF foram observados no campo aberto, labirinto em cruz elevado e no teste da suspensão da cauda, respectivamente. O GF promoveu poucos sinais de neurotoxicidade. A capacidade exploratória de fêmeas foi reduzida no campo aberto. Nenhum sinal de ansiedade foi detectado tanto em machos como em fêmeas no labirinto em cruz elevado, porém, notou-se redução da exploratória neste aparelho. No teste de suspensão da cauda tanto as fêmeas como machos mostraram aumento no tempo de imobilidade. Não foi observado neste caso interação entre sexo e tratamento. Concluiu-se que a exposição ao dobro da dose da NOAEL do GF induziu poucos sinais de neurotoxicidade e poucos efeitos sexualmente dimórficos em camundongos machos e fêmeas.</p>
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Expressão comportamental das diferenças sexuais no campo aberto e na atividade da colinesterase plasmática de ratos machos, fêmeas e fêmeas masculinizadas | Developmental expression of sexual differences in open-field behaviour and plasma cholinesterase activity in male, female and masculinized female rats
1995
Luciano Freitas Felicio | Helenice de Souza Spinosa | Luiz Carlos de Sa Rocha | Erica Engelberg Teixeira da Silva Hucke
Sabe-se que algumas diferenças sexuais no metabolismo e no comportamento estão relacionadas com o efeito neonatal da testosterona e outras não sofrem esse tipo de influência. O objetivo desses experimentos foi estudar o desenvolvimento das diferenças sexuais na atividade da colinesterase plasmática e de determinar se essas diferenças seriam relacionadas com a exposição pós-natal à testosterona em ratos. A atividade geral no campo aberto foi também verificada como um indicador comportamental das ações da testosterona na diferenciação sexual do sistema nervoso central. Foram usados três grupos de animais: machos normais, fêmeas normais e fêmeas masculinizadas (1 mg testosterona. SC, no 2º. dia de vida pós-natal). A atividade geral no campo aberto foi medida durante três dias consecutivos logo após o desmame (21 - 23 dias de idade), durante o início da puberdade (30 - 36 dias de idade) e nos adultos (90 - 110 dias de idade); a atividade da colinesterase plasmática foi medida aos 22, 30 - 36 e 90 - 110 dias de idade. Como esperado, foi encontrada uma diferença sexual no campo aberto entre machos e fêmeas normais. O tratamento pós-natal com andrógeno nas fêmeas diminuiu a atividade no campo aberto na idade adulta a padrões similares àqueles observados para machos normais. Foram observadas diferenças similares logo após o desmame, mas não aos 22 e aos 30 - 36 dias de idade. Em contraste, foram observadas diferenças significantes na atividade da colinesterase de animais adultos mas não nos dias 22 e 30 - 33 de idade. Quando comparadas às fêmeas normais, as fêmeas masculinizadas não apresentaram diferenças na atividade da colinesterase plasmática, sendo que esses dois grupos foram diferentes dos machos. Esses resultados sugerem que as diferenças sexuais na atividade da colinesterase plasmática de ratos adultos não são dependentes de exposição a testosterona durante o início da vida pós-natal. Além disso os resultados demonstram que sob estresse (desmame) as diferenças sexuais no comportamento no campo aberto podem ser observadas já aos 21-23 dias de idade. | <p>Sexual differences in behaviour and metabolism are well recognized. While some of these differences are related to testosterone exposure during neonatal life, others do not depend on the organizational action of androgens during early development. The objective of the following experiments was to study the development of sexual differences in plasma cholinesterase activity and to determine if these differences were related to testosterone exposure postnatally. Open-field activity was also recorded as a behavioral indicator of the actions of testosterone on sexual differentiation of the central nervous system. Three treatment groups of animals were used: normal male, normal female, and masculinized female rats (1 mg testosterone, SC, on day 2 of postnatal life). Open-field behaviour was measured on three consecutive days just after weaning (21 -23 days of age), in association with the onset of puberty (30 - 36 days of age), or as adults (90 - 110 days of age); plasma cholinesterase activity was measured at 22, 30 - 36, and 90 - 110 days of age. As expected a sex difference in open-field activity was found between normal males and females. Postnatal androgen treatment in females decreased open-field activity in adulthood to levels similar to those found in normal males. Similar differences were observed just after weaning, but not at 30-36 days of age. In contrast, significant differences in cholinesterase activity were observed in adult animals, but not at days 22 and 30 - 33 of age. Masculinized female rats showed no differences in plasma cholinesterase activity when compared to normal female rats, both groups differing from males. These data suggest that sexual differences in plasma cholinesterase activity in adult rats, unlike differences in open-field behaviour, are not dependent on testosterone exposure during postnatal life. In addition, the results have shown that under stress (weaning) sex differences in open-field behaviour can be observed as early as at 21 -23 days of age.</p>
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Differences in the individual behavior as related to the preference of use of espaces of broiler breeders as a function of the thermal environment | Diferenças nos comportamentos individuais quanto à preferência de uso de locais de matrizes pesadas em função do ambiente térmico
2006
Danilo Florentino Pereira | Fábio Penna Firme Curto | Irenilza de Alencar Nääs
The study of animal behavior has been efficient in identifying welfare of housed broilers. Bird preference related to housing and thermal environment has been studied in several countries. However the ability of homeotherms to adept in hostile ambient results in distinct individual needs, and leads to heterogeneity in the flock and inevitable loss in production. To reduce these losses it is necessary to know the individual needs of group of birds in order to group the similar individuals together. This research had the objective to demonstrate the feasibility of use of telemetry and electronic identification for monitoring the individual preferences and specific behavior of female broiler breeders in reduced and distorted scale model. The results showed that the use of electronic identification associated to telemetry were efficient in studying the movement of birds. Through the observational analyses of obtained frequency distribution graphs it was possible to identify the individuals that better adapted to specific housing thermal environment. | O estudo do comportamento tem se mostrado eficiente na identificação do bem-estar de aves alojadas. As identificações de preferências do grupo quanto o ambiente construtivo e o ambiente térmico vem sendo estudado em diversos países. Todavia, a habilidade dos homeotermos de se aclimatarem em ambientes inóspitos, resulta em necessidades ambientais diferentes para cada indivíduo, culminando em uma heterogeneidade no lote e inevitáveis perdas na produção. Para a diminuição dessas perdas, é necessário que se conheça as necessidades de cada indivíduo alojado para que grupos com necessidades semelhantes sejam formados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade da utilização da telemetria e identificação eletrônica para o monitoramento individual de matrizes pesadas e identificar as diferenças comportamentais nas aves alojadas, em modelos de escala reduzida e distorcida. Os resultados demonstraram que a telemetria e a identificação eletrônica foram eficientes na identificação do bem-estar das matrizes pesadas e, através da análise observacional de gráficos de distribuição de freqüências, foi possível identificar os indivíduos que melhor se adaptaram ao ambiente térmico do alojamento.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effects of exposure to glyphosate in male and female mice behavior in pubertal period | Efeitos comportamentais da exposição na puberdade de camundongos machos e fêmeas ao glifosato
2014
Andréia de Oliveira Joaquim | Daclé Juliane Macrini | Esther Lopes Ricci | Paula Andreotti Rodrigues | Helenice de Souza Spinosa | Ivana Barbosa Suffredini | Maria Martha Bernarndi
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar em camundongos machos e fêmeas o efeito da exposição a uma formulação comercial de glifosato durante o período de pré-pubere em modelos comportamentais de emocionalidade, ansiedade e depressão. Para isto, camundongos foram expostos a partir de 23 dias de idade (dia pós-natal- PND) até o PND 45 ao glifosato (50 mg/kg, oral route) ou solução salina. Dez dias após o término do tratamento, os animais, machos e fêmeas, foram observados no campo aberto (OF), labirinto em cruz elevado (EPM) ou teste de natação forçada (FWT). Os resultados mostraram que a exposição ao glifosato: 1) reduziu de forma similar a frequência de locomoção dos camundongos em ambos os sexos; 2) reduziu a atividade motora tanto no OF como no PM em camundongos machos, sem alterações observadas em fêmeas; 3) no SWT os camundongos machos apresentaram redução no tempo de flutuação similar ao das fêmeas. Concluiu-se que a exposição pré-pubere ao glifosato reduziu em machos a capacidade de exploração no OF e EPM e no tempo de flutuação no FWT sugerindo que o herbicida interferiu com mecanismos centrais relacionados com masculinização do cérebro ligados a exploração e ansiedade. No FWT observou-se menor depressão em machos e exacerbação da resposta em fêmeas. | The present study aims to investigate the effects of pre-pubertal exposure of male and female mice to a commercial formulation of glyphosate on sexual dimorphism observed in animal models of emotionality, anxiety and depression. For this, mice were exposed from 23 days of age (PND) until PND 45 to glyphosate (50 mg/kg, <em>per os</em>) or saline solution, and, ten days after the end of treatments, male and female mice were observed in the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) or forced swimming test (FWT). Results showed that exposure to glyphosate: 1) reduced the locomotion frequency of male mice similarly to female mice in the OF and female mice had an increase in rearing behavior and in the immobility time; 2) reduced in male mice the motor activity both in the OF and EPM, while no effects were observed in female mice; 3) in the SWT male mice had a decreased time of float similarly female mice. We concluded that pre-pubertal exposure to glyphosate reduced in male mice the capacity of exploration in the OF and EPM tests suggesting that the herbicide interfered with the central mechanism related to brain masculinization of exploratory and anxiety behavioral models. In the FWT it was observed a decreased depressive response in male mice while in female an increased response was detected.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Behavioral and biochemical effects of xylazine: possible interactions between central noradrenergic-dopaminergic systems | Efeitos comportamentais e bioquímicos da xilazina: possíveis interações entre os sistemas noradrenérgico e dopaminérgico centrais
1993
Helenice de Souza Spinosa | Silvana Lima Górniak | João Palermo Neto | Maria Martha Bernardi
<p>Behavioral and biochemical effects of xylazine were studied both in rats and mice. The results showed that xylazine: a) decreased the general activity of rats and mice observed in an open field; b) was unable to produce catatonia and suppressed haloperidol-induced catatonia in mice; c) increased apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats; and d) increased brain noradrenaline without effect on brain dopamine levels. These results were discussed in the light of a possible interference of xylazine with brain noradrenergic system and, thus, with the dynamic interaction between noradrenergic-dopaminergic neurons within the Central Nervous System.</p> | <p>Alguns efeitos comportamentais e bioquímicos da xilazina foram estudados em ratos e camundongos. Os resultados mostraram que a xilazina: a) diminuiu a atividade geral de ratos e camundongos observados em campo-aberto; b) foi incapaz de produzir catatonia e suprimiu este comportamento induzido pelo haloperidol em camundongos; c) potencializou o comportamento estereotipado induzido pela apomorfina em ratos; d) aumentou os níveis cerebrais de noradrenalina, porem não alterou aqueles de dopamina. Estes resultados foram discutidos considerando-se ação da xilazina em sislemas noradrenérgicos centrais e da interação entre sistemas noradrenérgicos e dopaminérgicos centrais.</p>
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