Evaluation of amitraz against ticks and mites infestation in cattle and sheep in comparison with diazinon and deltamethrin was performed. Amitraz showed over 95 % inhibition of oviposition and hatching of laid eggs at dilution of 1:500 while diazinon and deltamethrin produced around 90 % inhibition of oviposition at the same dilution. Fed ticks were more susceptible for all tested acaricides than the unfed ticks, where amitraz reached its full effectiveness (100 % kill of fed and unfed) 2 weeks after application while diazinon and deltamethrin produced over 90 % at the same dilution. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % resulted in 100 % tick control by day 5 and the effect was maintained for further 28 days whereas diazinon and deltamethrin were fully effective by days 9 and 13, respectively and their efficacy were maintained for 16 and 20 days, respectively. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % produced 100 % efficacy as no live mites were found on day 17 and maintained in full effectiveness till day 33 where respraying was needed. In conclusion, amitraz produced rapid detachment of ticks from animals; its residual effect was long and protected animals from re-infestation for 29 days and was able to eradicate psoroptes mite infestation in sheep.

Infestations of brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) are difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phoxim and deltamethrin against R. sanguineus in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies, the evaluation involved the exposure of R. sanguineus adults, nymphs, and larvae to phoxim (1 ml/1000 ml) and deltamethrin (1 ml/1000 ml) observations were recorded for 24 hours, and the eggs were assessed and compared with a negative control tick group that had been exposed to water for 14 days,  In vivo studies, twenty local dogs have been divided into four groups of five each: The 1st group was non-infested dogs; the 2nd group is infested untreated dogs; the 3rd group was infested dogs and treated with a therapeutic dose of phoxim; and 4th  group  was infested dogs and treated with a therapeutic dose of deltamethrin. Results revealed that phoxim was more effective than deltamethrin on adult of R. sanguineus, while deltamethrin appeared to be more effective than phoxim on nymphs and larvae of R. sanguineus. Both acaricides significantly inhibited egg hatchability of R. sanguineus with the same potency.

The present study was carried out to evaluate oxidative stress and some immunological parameters of deltamethrin and diazinon in fattening buffalos’ calves. A total of 15 healthy calves, 8-12 months of age were divided into 3 groups (5 in each). Gp (1) control, Gp (2) calves sprayed with 1ml deltamethrin/liter water 3 times one week apart and Gp (3) calves sprayed with 1ml diazinon/liter water 3 times one week apart. On the 1st, 15th, and 30th-day post spraying 3 blood samples were taken from control and tested calves for determination of some immunohistochemical. Deltamethrin or diazinon each alone induced significant elevation in WBCs, neutrophils, eosinophils, MDA, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, CK, total lipid, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine associated with a significant reduction on phagocytic %, phagocytic index, killing %, serum IgG, IgM, IgA, total protein, albumin, α, β, γ globulin, total globulin, A/G ratio, CAT, SOD, GSH and GSH-px beside insignificant decrease in lymphocyte, monocyte and basophils at 1st and 15th days post spraying. All biochemical parameters improved after 30 days post-spraying as compared with the control. It was concluded that deltamethrin and diazinon induce some adverse effects in leukogram biochemical parameters and have immunosuppressive effects in calves.