Objective: This experiment was undertaken to assess the scope and cost-effectiveness of the fer¬mented corn mixture (FCM)-based buffalo fattening approach compared to urea molasses straw (UMS) and silage-based approach. Materials and Methods: A completely comparative randomized design experiment was con¬ducted for 90 days with three treatments and five buffalo bulls in each. UMS, silage, and FCM roughage-based fattening diets were attributed as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Two types of protein supplements, i.e., Type 1 (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute-developed) for T1 and T2 and Type 2 (prescribed by farmers) for T3 treatments, were used. All the parameters were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 20 software. Results: Dry matter intake (kg, %live weight) was significantly higher in T1 (2.65), followed by T2 (2.34) and T3 (2.00), respectively. The crude protein intake, digestible crude protein intake, and digestible dry matter intake (kg/d) significantly (p < 0.05) differed between T1 and T3, but not T2. The digest¬ibility of acid detergent fiber (65.97) was significantly higher for T3 than T1 and T2 (54.44 and 58.73, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility of T3 (70.35) also differed (p < 0.05) with T1 (60.97) but not T2 (64.78). No difference was observed in the case of growth, but feed conversion ration was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) better in T2 (7.10) than T1 (8.35), where T3 (7.24) was neutral. The significantly (p < 0.001) highest expense [216.37 Bangladesh taka (BDT)/kg gain] was required for T1, followed by T2 and T3 (174.47 and 126.33 BDT/kg gain, respectively). Net profit from T3 and T2 (15,877 and 15,175 BDT, respectively) gained significantly (p < 0.05) higher than T1 (11,265 BDT). Conclusion: The FCM-based diet was suitable and cost-effective as a buffalo fattening approach. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 195-202]

A beef feedlot production decision support system (DSS) was developed based on Microsoft® Excel. The DSS comprises of three modules i) an ingredient database ii) a least-cost ration formulation module and iii) beef growth simulation module. The program uses empirical equations developed for tropical beef to simulate nutrient requirements and daily body weight gains based on the formulated feed ration. The formulated least cost ration can be pasted automatically into the growth model to evaluate performance and economic viability. The growth model calculates nutrient available and computes body weight gain on a daily basis, summates weight gain and stops at the targeted body weight. The data output include i) days to reach target body weight, ii) cumulative feed consumed, iii) anticipated average daily gain, iv) total cost of feed (concentrates and grass), and v) gross profit per cattle. If a portion of the feed is fed as grass, then the model also computes the pasture land required in hectares, based on the forage species&#xD;chosen. It is anticipated that the developed model can assist cattle entrepreneurs and farmers in the development of the beef cattle industry in Malaysia.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the efficiency of 13-18-month old young stock of cattle bred for meat in the conditions of various energy value nutrition levels with the determination of nutrients intake of a diet. It was established that use of rations with various level of metabolic energy and protein breakage rendered the positive influence on nutrient digestibility of rations. This made it possible to improve the digestibility of dry and organic substances, nitrogen-free extractive substances and fibre at the bull calves which were fed with 63% of cleavable protein, as well as to increase the metabolic energy up to 10% in the ration, surpassing the control indexes respectively on 3.1; 2.5; 2.8; and 2.9 items. Adjournment from the acquired nitrogen considerably increased and made up to 64-70%. Productivity of fattening young cattle stock made it possible to obtain 977.7-1011.0 gram of live weight gain. As a result, the growth energy was stated at the level of 15,90-17,33 МJ in the conditions of conversion of metabolic energy into growth of 13,81-14,26% and expenses of metabolic energy of the ration per 1 MJ in live weight gain of 4,72-5,46 MJ.

The research in RUP Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding of National Academy of Sciences on such parameters as consumption of forages, processes of rumen digestion, morphological and biochemical structure of blood has shown that usage of wet grain preserved with Kormoplus for young cattle fattening has a positive effect on physiological condition and digestibility of nutrients and promotes nitrogen usage by animals that increases at 7,0 and 1,6%

Usage of boars of meat breeds Yorkshire, Duroc and Landrace of Canadian selection for crossing them with cross and pure breeds of sows promotes increase of fattening and meat-fat productivity of the obtained hybrids. The best parameters of feeding efficiency the hybrid young growth of combinations (BMхL)хL and (BMхL)хD at which the age of achievement of alive weight of 100 kg and a daily average gain has made 177,2 day (P less than 0,001) and 803 g (P less than 0,001), 179,5 day (P less than 0,001) and 801 g (P less than 0,001), differed at expenses of a forage of 3,38-3,40 fodder units accordingly

In the conditions of application of enzyme preparations there is the possibility of inclusion into mixed fodders structure of such cheap fodder grains as rye. Determination of the optimal dose of introduction of the liquid enzymatic fodder additive (xylanase – 8800 units; phytase – 600 units; cellulose – 880 units; r-gluco – 4000 units; a- amylase – 200 units) and its influence on stores productivity during the completion of growing and fattening periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Research results showed the following: inclusion into mixed fodders of the increased amount of rye grain (without the enzyme additive) for stores feeding during the completion of growing (20%) and fattening (30%) periods did not render negative influence on experimental animals; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the completion of growing period - (SK-21 including rye grain - 20%) was 200 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the fattening period (KDS-26 including rye -30%) was 150 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders. Application of the experimental fodder additive promoted the increasing live weight gain. There was noted the tendency of the positive influence of the analyzed enzyme on dry and organic matter, fat, dietary fibre and nitrogen-free extractive substances digestibility

In the process of monogastric animal feeding, including pigs, the special role is played by the quality of coarse grain crops as they compose 70-75% of swine ration structure. Determination of fodder productive effect on fattening swine was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The basis of the analyzed fodder was formed by fodder grain of extra fine grade. Research results showed the following: inclusion of extra fine grade barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) (chosen in accordance with the standard of the Republic of Belarus) into all-in-one mixed fodders SK-26 and SK-31 for fattening swine made it possible to obtain higher productive capacity of the experimental animals in comparison with the identical mixed fodders containing barley and wheat of other grades (chosen in accordance with All-Union State Standard 28672-90); in the experimental groups the average daily weight gain in course of the fattening period was on 34 grams higher, and the average selling weight of 1 head - on 4,1 kg than in the control group. Swine which were fed with the presented mixed fodders with grain extra fine grade showed fewer deviations from the rated value of metabolism (blood serum protein and its fractions, calcium, phosphorus, acid capacity) in comparison with the control groups

Belarus is included into number of the leading countries of the world which provide the increasing of the expansion rates of milk production and dairy products on a per capita basis. However, the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Belarus annually spend approximately 800 thousand tons of whole milk that makes about 20% from the general milk yield for manufacturing expenditures in the process of livestock operation. The purpose of research was working out of a new premix structure and zootechnic requirements to its use in structure of milk replacer, produced on hydrodynamic installation. The optimum doses of amino acids, vitamins and mineral substances promoted the increasing of calves daily average weight gain during the dairy period on 5,4% (788,5 g instead of 748,1 g), reducing of expenses for forages per 1 kg of weight gain - on 6,5% (2,9 fodder units against 3,1 fodder units) and the decreasing of the prime cost production for fodder expenses - on 4,7%. There was presented the composition and nutritive value of the analysed whole milk replacer. Usage of local sources of protein-fatty raw materials of plant origin, and also secondary resources of processing of whole milk in the content of milk replacer for young cattle allows to completely refuse from expensive components delivered from abroad and to lower their cost

The purpose of the research was establishment of hepatic diseases spread in cattle fattening. Trials were conducted with total number of hybrids IV-V generation of black-motley heifer with pedigree Hereford bulls. It has been established the wide spread (22,4%) of hepatic pathology. The leading place among all hepatic pathologies belongs to fatty hepatosis (13,4%) with weakly expressed symptoms, decrease of serum protein level, albumin, glucose and increase of bilirubin, globulins, hepatic enzymes and strong pathology-anatomical and histological manifestations. In the tabular form results of histologic research of liver, some biochemical indicators of blood of healthy and sick animals (M +/- m), the clinical symptoms revealed during the various periods are resulted | Целью исследований являлось изучение структуры и установление широты распространения болезней печени у крупного рогатого скота на откорме. Опыты проведены на широком поголовье помесей IV-V поколения тёлок чёрно-пёстрой породы с племенными быками герефордской породы. Установлено широкое (22,4%) распространение гепатопатий. Ведущее место среди различных форм поражения печени принадлежит жировому гепатозу - 13,4%, морфофункцинальный профиль которого определяется слабо выраженными клиническими симптомами, уменьшением уровня общего белка, альбуминов, глюкозы, повышением концентрации билирубина, активности гепатоспецифических ферментов, а также всех фракций глобулинов, яркой и характерной патологоанатомической и гистологической картиной. В табличной форме приведены результаты гистологического исследования печени, некоторые биохимические показатели крови здоровых и больных животных (M +/- m), клинические симптомы, выявленные в различные периоды