In this study, we produced iron-fortified yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) producing Sus scrofa ferritin heavy-chain to provide iron supplementation in anemic piglets. We determined whether iron-ferritin accumulated in recombinant yeasts could improve iron deficiency in mice. C57BL/6 male mice exposed to Fe-deficient diet for 2 weeks were given a single dose of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS), ferritin-producing recombinant yeast (APO), or APO reacted with iron (Fe²+) (FER). The bioavailability of recombinant yeasts was examined by measuring body weight gain, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value 1 week later. In addition, ferritin protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis and iron stores in tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. We found that anemic mice treated with FER exhibited increased levels of ferritin heavy-chain in spleen and liver. Consistently, this treatment restored the iron concentration in these tissues. In addition, this treatment significantly increased hemoglobin value and the hematocrit ratio. Furthermore, FER treatment significantly enhanced body weight gain. These results suggest that the iron-fortified recombinant yeast strain is bioavailable.

The present study reports the concentration of Copper, Zinc, Iron and Manganese in the blood plasma of male kutchi camels during their breeding season. The respective concentrations of the plasma trace minerals were 112.94 ±O.44, 105.65±2.08, 117.65±1.72 and 160.29±0.75 µ/dl.

Nutrient broth with iron was used for obtaining high yields of epsilon toxin by clostridium perfringens type D. In this study iron balls, iron nails and ferrous sulphate were used as iron source. Results showed that the presence of iron nails and iron balls in nutrient broth slightly increased the bacterial growth but did not show increase in toxin production.

This study was designed to elucidate the effects of iron, a well known catalyst of lipid peroxidation, on the contents of phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids composed in phospholipid molecules and their derivatives, prostaglandins, and the composition changes of fatty acids contained in phospholipids. Iron decreased the contents of phospholipids and its components of unsaturated fatty acids. Catalytic action of iron decreased the composition rates of linoleate and linolenate composed in phospholipid molecules, while that of arachidonate was inclined to increase. The content of arachidonate was increased and that of prostaglandins was decreased without regard to increase the precursor of prostaglandins. It may be concluded that the decreases of the activities of prostaglandins and the increase of arachidonate are due to inhibition of the activities of enzyme systems responsible for prostaglandin synthesis by lipid peroxides produced by the catalyst of iron

The protective effects of high levels of dietary iron, copper, zinc or protein on lead toxicity were studied in chicks. Growth retardation, reduction of feed intake, anemia and accumulation of lead in the bone and kidney were observed in chicks fed a diet containing 500mg lead as chloride/kg of feed for 42 days. Early changes due to ingested lead were inhibition of red blood cell 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase at all doses and no effect of iron, copper, zinc or protein addition were observed