We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of IV administered sodium heparin and the pharmacodynamic effect of heparin on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity Horses were allotted to 3 groups. Plasma samples were obtained from each horse before and at various times for 6 hours after heparin administration for determination of heparin concentration, LPL activity, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The disposition of heparin was dose dependent. The area under the plasma heparin concentration vs time curve (AUC) increased more than proportionally with dose, indicating that heparin elimination was nonlinear. Total clearance of heparin was similar after the 40 and 80 IU/kg of body weight dosages, averaging 0.45 and 0.36 IU/kg/min, respectively. However, after administration of the 120 IU/kg dose, clearance was significantly less than that after the 40 IU/kg dose. The half-life of heparin averaged 53, 70, and 136 minutes after 40, 80, and 120 IU/kg, respectively, with significant differences observed between the low and high doses. In contrast to heparin, the area under the plasma concentration vs time curve for LPL activity increased less than proportionally with dose. Maximal LPL activity observed was independent of dose, averaging 4.8 micromole of free fatty acids/ml/h. The APTT was significantly prolonged for 120 minutes after administration of the 40 IU/kg dose. Correlation coefficients for LPL activity vs either plasma heparin concentration or APTT were less than 0.7, indicating that neither laboratory measure can be used to accurately predict plasma LPL activity.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of calcium administration on the blood coagulation mechanism through APTT in the calf. Five male calves (70~90 kg) were used in this experiment. In the control group, heparinized normal saline (1 IU/kg/min) had been infusing into the jugular vein for 100 minutes. For the analysis of calcium effects on the APTT, the same solutions had been infusing during the first 40 minutes, subsequently the solution including calcium gluconate (3.3 mg/ml/min) had been infusing for 60 minutes.

The aim of this particular study was to test in vitro sperm capacitation protocols, using heparin (100mg/ml) and calcium ionophore (5mM). Propidium iodide and carboxifluorescein diacetate (IP/CFDA) in a fluorescence microscope as well as triple stain (congo red, neutral red and Giemsa) in Phase contrast microscope were used as staining. The spermatozoa were classified according to its viability (alive or dead) and acrossome integrity (damaged or intact). They were considered as follows: capacitated (alive and damaged); non capacitated (alive and not damaged) and dead (damaged or intact). The heparin group showed a ratio of 64.54% and 39.16% of capacitated spermatozoa in IP/CFDA and triple stain, respectively. In the calcium group, 36.41% and 18.11% of spermatozoa were capacitated in IP/CFDA and triple stain, respectively. Bulls were divided into 3 groups according to their fertility rates as follows: Group A < 63%, Group B from 63 to 68% and Group C >; 68%. For all three groups there was significant differences (p;0.01), when observed capacitated, non capacitated and dead spermatozoa among groups A and B; A and C; B and C, using heparin and calcium ionophore in both stains. No correlation was seen between capacitation and fertility rates. Therefore heparin treatment showed better sperm capacitation rates than calcium ionophore. The IP/CFDA technique showed itself as being a better method to evaluate sperm capacitation than the triple stain (p<0.01). | O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os protocolos de capacitação espermática in vitro com 100 mg/ml de heparina e 5 mM de cálcio ionóforo e correlacionar a capacitação com a fertilidade in vivo. A capacitação espermática foi avaliada pela coloração com iodeto de propídio e diacetato de carboxifluoresceína e pela coloração tripla com vermelho congo, vermelho neutro e giemsa. Os espermatozóides foram avaliados quanto a viabilidade (vivos ou mortos) e a qualidade do acrossomo (lesados ou íntegros), sendo caracterizados como capacitados (vivos e lesados), não capacitados (vivos e íntegros) e mortos (lesados ou íntegros). A heparina apresentou 64,54% e 39,16% e o cálcio ionóforo 36,41% e 18,11% de espermatozóides capacitados, respectivamente, pela epifluorescência e coloração tripla. Os touros foram divididos em três grupos de fertilidade, sendo o Grupo A ;68%. Nos três grupos houve diferença significativa (p;0,01) para os espermatozóides capacitados, não capacitados e mortos entre os grupos A, B e C, tanto na epifluorescência quanto na coloração tripla para ambos capacitores (heparina e cálcio ionóforo). Não houve correlação entre os espermatozóides capacitados in vitro e a taxa de fertilidade a campo. A heparina apresentou melhor taxa de espermatozóides capacitados e a epifluorescência mostrou-se mais eficiente na detecção da capacitação espermática (p<0,01).