Objective: In this study, LMS, zinc and vitamin AD3E were used with enterotoxaemia vaccine in sheep, in order to investigate their immunostimulant activities and also to make a comparison among them regarding their immunostimulatory properties. Material and Methods: In the research 40 sheep were divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of 10 sheep. Group I only vaccinated against enterotoxaemia. In groups II, III and IV besides enterotoxaemia vaccine, LMS, zinc and vitamin AD3E were used, respectively. Blood samples were taken on days 0 and 35 of the experiment. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) were determined using ELISA kits specific to sheep immunoglobulins. Hematological parameters and serum zinc levels were also determined.Results: Levamisole-treated group showed a significant increase in serum level of IgM, and zinc-treated group demonstrated a significant increase in serum IgG level (P<0.05). In day 35, serum IgM level was the highest in LMS group (group II) based on its levels in groups III and IV (P<0.05) and also IgG level was highest in group II when compared to its levels in groups III and IV (P<0.01). In group II, statistically significant decrease in total WBC and lymphocyte counts and statistically significant increase in thrombocyte counts were determined on day 35 (P<0.05). In group III, statistically significant decrease in total WBC, neutrophil counts and hematocrit values were detected (P<0.05), although, these changes were within physiologically normal limits.Conclusion: In conclusion, LMS stimulated the increase in IgM levels and zinc stimulated the increase in IgG levels without inducing adverse effect and the increase in antibody production resulted in the enhancement of humoral immune response to enterotoxamia vaccine. The use of LMS and zinc as immunostimulant together with vaccination is recommended.

In this study a total of 14 infected sheep and 6 lactating albino goats were used. These animals were proved to be brucellosis seropositive using TAT, MET, BAPAT, RBPT and rivanol test as well as bacteriologically positive by isolation of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 from their milk. These animals were subjected to trials of treatment using three different methods. Goats treated by antibiotics combined with BCG showed the highest recovery rate (on bacteriological basis), followed by animals treated with antibiotics only and finally animals treated with antibiotics combined ID. The recovered treated animals were placed under careful investigation for 2 years with no evidence of Brucella infection neither in them nor in their newborns.

On the basis of the spent research high enough preventive efficiency of Ehrakond application, low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field is defined that allows to recommend them for wide application in the program of immunocorrection of an organism of agricultural animals. At the first stage of the research in immune deficiency when in blood of newborn calves almost there are no antibodies, influence on biologically active points of an udder of cows (intensity 10 mW/square cm, expositions of seconds) has made positive impact on increase of immune properties of colostric milk. Use of immunostimulants Ehrakond also has increased immunocompetent properties of cow milk (7,5 mg on 1 kg of body weight once a day within 15 days). At feeding of colostrum the physiological condition, growth and development of calves have considerably improved. In the second (when colostric protection factors in an organism decline, and own organism forms them insufficiently) and the third (decrease in immune reactance at changes in feeding and the maintenance of calves) immune deficiency, application of immunostimulants Ehrakond and influence of low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field on reflexogenic zones on a young growth organism has made positive impact indices of natural resistance of calves. It has led to activization of factors of natural nonspecific protection of an organism that has considerably improved a physiological condition and has increased natural immunity of an organism to diseases. However, the best results on natural resistance, efficiency and safeties of calves have been reached at an irradiation at the BAP initial stage of a mammary gland at cows by low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field, with the subsequent bottle-feeding of the irradiated colostrum to newborn calves; in 10 days of a life to calves the preparation Ehrakond was entered. | На основании проведенных исследований определена достаточно высокая профилактическая эффективность применения Эраконда, низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, что позволяет рекомендовать их для широкого применения в программе иммунокоррекции организма сельскохозяйственных животных. На первом этапе исследований в период иммунного дефицита, когда в крови новорожденных телят почти отсутствуют иммуноглобулины, воздействие на биологически активные точки вымени коров (интенсивность 10 мВт/см2, экспозиции секунд) оказало положительное влияние на повышение иммунных свойств колострального молока. Использование иммуностимулятора Эраконд также повысило иммунокомпетентные свойства молока коров (7,5 мг на 1 кг живой массы один раз в сутки в течение 15 дней). При скармливании колострального молозива значительно улучшились физиологическое состояние, рост и развитие телят. В период второго (когда колостральные факторы защиты в организме угасают, а собственный организм образует их недостаточно) и третьего (снижение иммунной реактивности при изменениях в кормлении, содержании телят) иммунного дефицита, применение иммуностимулятора Эраконд и воздействие низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем на рефлексогенные зоны на теле молодняка оказало положительное влияние показатели естественной резистентности телят. Это привело к активизации факторов естественной неспецифической защиты организма, что значительно улучшило физиологическое состояние и повысило естественную невосприимчивость организма к болезням. Однако, наилучшие результаты по естественной резистентности, продуктивности и, сохранности телят были достигнуты при облучении на начальном этапе БАТ молочной железы у коров низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, с последующим выпаиванием облученного молозива новорожденным телятам; через 10 дней жизни телятам вводили препарат Эраконд.

Investigation of influence of probiotic Dialact and immunostimulant Alveozan on digesting of nutritive substances by broiler chickens of Kobb-500 cross, as well as control over their individual development were realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The first (control) group of chicken was given standard well-balanced ration. Chickens of the second group were administrated immunostimulant Alveozan in dose of 10 mkg/kg of live weight with drinking water once a day in course of 5 days, with 10 days interval till the end of the growing period. Chickens of the third group were administrated preparation Dialact in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml with drinking water once a day in course of 3 days, with 14 days interval till the end of growing period. Chickens of the fourth group were given Alveozan in dose of 10 microgram/kg of live weight once a day in course of 5 days with 10 days interval, and Dialact in dose 0,1-0,2 ml once a day in course of 3 days, with 6 and 14 days interval. Research results showed that complex application of probiotic Dialact and immunostimulant Alveozan increased the viability of chickens on 100%, average live weight - on 5,1%, average daily weight gain - on 5,1%. Administration of Dialact and Alveozan, both separately and in complex, increased the digestibility of nutritive substances of mixed fodders: application of nitrogen increased on 1,93-6,38%, application of calcium decreased on 10,41-12,54%, phosphorus use increased on 2,38%

As a result of realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research it was revealed that application of immunostimulative drugs of sodium thyosulphate and vitamin С (ascorbic acid) in combination with a vaccine against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and streptococcosis of pigs promoted the statistically authentic increasing of leukocytes, absolute quantity of T- and B-lymphocytes content in peripheral blood. Also, it promoted the activation of phagocytic activity and digested ability of neutrophils; activization of mieloblastic hemopoiesis and decreasing of erythrocytopoiesis; activization of morphological reactions in a tissue at a place of administration of the vaccine, lymphatic nodules and spleen. | Проведенные исследования показали, что применение иммуностимуляторов натрия тиосульфата и витамина С с вакциной против сальмонеллеза, пастереллеза и стрептококкоза свиней способствует статистически достоверному повышению в периферической крови содержания лейкоцитов, абсолютного количества Т- и В-лимфоцитов, активизации фагоцитарной активности и перевариваемой способности нейтрофилов; активизации миелобластического кроветворения и снижению эритропоэза; активизации морфологических реакций в ткани на месте введения вакцины, лимфоузлах и селезенке.

Despite of presence of a wide choice of antihelminthics, in the Republic of Belarus it is still a real problem of development of preparations that provide long-term treatment and preventive maintenance efficiency against helminthosis. At the same time, helminthes and anthelminthics render the immunosuppression action. The solution of this problem can be a combined application of antihelminthics and adjuvants. There were proposed preparations Albepolis and Averpolis. Their application made it possible not only to release an organism of animals from parasites, but also to correct the state of immune system. The obtained research data confirm the available data about the immunosuppression action of parasites on an organism of animals. There was also is noted the immunosuppression action of Albendazol and Aversektin C in therapeutic doses. Albendazol possess a wide spectrum of action against trematodes, nematodes, cestodes. It interrupts the metabolism, oppresses fumarate reductase activity and adenosine triphosphate synthesis of a parasite. It proved to be low-toxic for homoiothermal animals. Albendazol rendered positove influence on growth, development and increase of cattle productivity.

Analysis of the optimal scheme of doses and rates of combined administration of probiotic Dialakt and immunostimulant Alveozan was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by the example of 1500 broiler chickens of cross Kobb- 500. Chickens of the first (controlled) group were given only total ration, balanced with the main nutrients. For the chickens of the second group were administrated with immunostimulant Alveozan with water starting from one day old age, every day in dose of 10 mkg/kg of body weight once a day in course of 5 days successively and with 7 days interval till the end of growing period; and probiotic Dialakt was administrated with water in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head (10,0-20,0 mln microbial bodies) starting from one day old age, once a day in course of 5 days successively and with 6 and 14 days intervals till the end of growing period. Chickens of the third group were administrated Alveozan in dose of 10 mkg/kg of body weight with drinking water once a day in course of 5 days with 10 days interval till the end of growing period; and Dialakt in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head with drinking water starting from one day old age, every day in course of 5 days with 6 and 14 days interval till the end of growing period. The research results showed the following optimal regime of complex application of the analyzed preparations: immunostimulant Dialakt - in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head with drinking water starting from one day old age, once a day in course of 3 days successively with 6 and 14 days intervals till the end of growing period; and immunostimulant Alveozan - in doze of 10 mkg/kg of body weight with drinking water once a day in course of 5 days with 10 days interval till the end of growing period. Complex application of Dialakt and Alveozan promoted the increasing of organometric indexes, specific volume and size of thymus in 1,5-1,8 times (P less than 0,01), Fabritsiya bursa - in 2 times (P less than 0,01) and lien - on 11,1% (P less than 0,05)

State of immune system of broiler chickens after administration into their diets of nonspecific immunostimulative drugs – bacterial liposaccharide Alveozan and spore-forming aerobic bacterium Bac. Alvei (KMIEhV-11) and probiotic on the basis of lactic acid bacillus Dialakt was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of the study there was proved that the analyzed preparations had expressed immunogenic activity, rendered the positive influence on natural resistance of broiler chickens. Under action of preparations Alveozan and Dialakt in broiler chickens there were stated the following changes: improvement of protein absorption from gastro-intestinal tract in chickens at the age up to 19 days; there was achieved a hepatic protection effect at birds at the age up to 36 days. The specified changes did not depend on application regimen of the given preparations.

Research of the influence of biologically active preparations of natural origin on zoological indices and quality of animal products was studied by the example of their application in broiler chicken diets in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. On the basis of realized research it was established, that application of biologically active substances immunoamplifier Alveozan, probiotic Dialakt, probiotic Bifidoflorin liquid, prebiotic Biofon and prebiotic Biofon AIL (produced in the Republic of Belarus) did not render negative effect on quality of animal products (all studied meat samples had high quality). The received results testify to necessity of complex application of the above-stated preparations. Application of biologically active preparations made it possible to increase livability of growing birds on 100%, average live weight increase from 1,9 up to 5,1%, daily average weight gain - from 1,9 up to 5,1%, improvement of feed conversion ratio - from 18,3 up to 21%. All studied biologically active preparations made it possible to restore the physiological environment in poultry intestines, normal flora, to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The above mentioned preparations could be applied both with preventive, and with the medical purposes

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a morphological study of bone marrow aspirates at different terms chicken of immunization against Gumboro disease which made it possible to analyze the state of immune system for the objective evaluation of immunological status. Research results showed that chicken immunization with a national liquid chick embryo viral vaccine produced on the basis of KMIehV-13 strain against Gumboro disease (infectious bursal disease) promoted the development of immunomorphological remodeling of bone marrow. Application of immunostimulants Alveozan and Nukleovit for poultry vaccination caused more expressed changes revealing in statistically reliable increasing of total number of myeloblastic cells in the majority of cases by means of increasing of immature cells, and then mature cells of granulocytic series, as well as quantity of lymphocytes and plasmacytes