Parasitic nematode infection in animal is one of the main causes for the mortality of animals and most of the treatment relies on the use of the anthelmintic drugs to overcome such a problem. However, the heavy use of anthelmintic contributed to the problem of multidrug resistance. This study was carried out to investigate the infectiveness of Punica granatum (aqueous leaf and peel extracts) as an alternative treatment. This study utilised the in-vitro assay technique (motility assayand larval migration inhibition assay) to determine the effect of the extracts on the survival of L3 stage of parasitic nematodes.The results showed that incubation of L3 in different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of extracts paralysed and killed the worms after 24 hours and 48 hours ofincubation periods. The same results were obtained from larval migration inhibition assay, showing that both extracts of Punicagranatum inhibited the migration of the L3. After 2 hours of incubation in the leaf extract (5 mg/ml), the migration of nematode larvae was inhibited to 56±12.29% as compared tothe control. While for the peel extract the percentage of migration was reduced to 53 ±3.33%. Further reduction of the migration was observed at 10, 20 and 50 mg/ml of leaf extract.

Penicillium is a genus of the one the most common fungi have located in distinctive and suitable surroundings (temperature, humidity, Ph), Penicillium species produced extracellular enzymes that play a necessary position in the microbial decomposition of natural substances. The study is aimed to detect chemicals made by two species of Penicillium using a synthetic media that contained a powder made from the leaves of the Conocarups tree. In this study, two species of Penicillium had used in a fermentation process using synthetic medium contained a powder of the Conocarpus tree leaves. That isolated from water of the Hammar marsh areas in south Iraq particularly in Thi-Qar province.The isolated Penicillium observed on beginning of cultural, microscopic and morphological characteristics. Molecular identification of Penicillium results proved that all strains were belonging to Penicillium genera. According to the β-tubulin sequence, the isolated were divided into 2 species, as Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium expansum. GC-MS analysis appeared different compounds with various retention times (RTs) were produced by the crude extracts of P. brevicompactum and P. expansum. Similar compounds are  (benzyl alcohol, benzyldimethylsilyl ether ), (cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl), (trolamine), (cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-),  (methyl stearate), (hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester), (n-hexadecanoic acid ), (9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester,(E-), (9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester), (heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester), (methyl stearate), (9-octadecenoic acid, (E)-), (oleic acid), (methyl 10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoate), (9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,methyl ester), (dl-.alpha.-tocopherol), (vitamin E), (gamma.-sitosterol), and (beta.-sitosterol).