BACKGROUND: Subclinical mastitis plays an important role in the economic losses of dairy cattle farms. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of this disease. Treatment of this disease with synthetic antibiotics has complications like antibiotic resistance. Using herbal antibiotics can be an excellent way to reduce these side effects.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of alcoholic extract of olive leaf on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cows with subclinical mastitis to achieve herbal treatment.METHODS: This study was conducted on 175 Holstein female cattle. The milk samples of 60 cows were obtained with the sterilized method, and Subclinical mastitis-positive cases were determined using the California mastitis test. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were isolated from positive samples by culture method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves alcoholic extract on isolated bacteria was determined by microdilution method.RESULTS: From 175 cows under study, 60 cows had a positive California mastitis test, and Staphylococcus aureus separated from milk samples of 14 cows. The minimum inhibitory concentration of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract on this bacterium was 12000 ppm.CONCLUSIONS: Alcoholic extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves has an antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of mastitis. The minimum concentration required for this effect was 12000 ppm. Further studies on the impact of this plant on other bacterial causes of subclinical mammary inflammation in cows and investigation of the effective substances in the extract are needed.

This study evaluated (a) the efficacy of an association between injectable antibiotic therapy and sealant (ATBS) on milk yield (MY), somatic cell count (SCC), and prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI); and (b) the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on follicular cyst (FCs) resolution (cyclicity at the 45th day in milk; DIM) and cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) in heifers submitted to a lactation induction protocol (LIP). A total of 114 crossbred (Holstein × Jersey) heifers, with 34.7 ± 4.8 months and 439 ± 56.35 kg were submitted to LIP. On the 5th day of the LIP, the heifers were assigned to (i) ATBS (n = 57) with 7 mg/kg of norfloxacin associated with sealant and (ii) Control 1 (n = 57; CONT1) with no treatments. Lactation began on the 21st day of LIP and the 15th DIM, FCs were diagnosed and 106 heifers were randomized into two treatment groups with 53 heifers each: (i) GnRH (5 mL injectable GnRH) and (ii) Control 2 (CONT2; no treatment). Of the 114 heifers initially induced, 83.33% (n = 95) responded to LIP with an average MY of 15.19 kg/milk/day during 22 weeks of lactation. In the first 14 DIM, the IMI prevalence was 18% and 28% for heifers ATBS and CONT1 treated, respectively. Additionally, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. Mammary quarters that received ATBS treatment had a lower risk of IMI and SCC than CONT1. The cyclicity at 45 DIM was 68% (ATBS) and 35% (CONT1), and 57% and 46% for animals in the GnRH and CONT2. CPR was 60% in the ATBS group and 89% in CONT1, but GnRH treatment did not affect the CPR. In conclusion, LIP was effective in stimulating MY in heifers, and the IMI prevalence decreased with ATBS treatment. Also, the use of GnRH did not affect the FC regression, cyclicity at 45 DIM, and CPR.

A retrospective study was carried out to assess the udder affections of cows that were presented to the Large Animal Medicine Referral Clinic of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Thanjavur, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu during June 2017 to April 2018. In this study involving 161 cows, 4 cows were found to have udder swelling / abscess diagnosed by ultrasound and percutaneous aspiration done under sonagraphic guidance. Udder ultrasound revealed hyperechoic alveolar tissue with anechoic/ heterogenous content in the affected quarters. Aspirated samples were culturally positive for the isolate Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed highest susceptibility to streptomycin followed by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and amoxycillin with good recovery on treatment.

Objective: To study the impact of early metabolic profiling and intervention measures in the peri¬parturient period on the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows. Materials and Methods: Using a cohort of dairy cows from two selected areas of Bangladesh, we routinely tested the serum calcium level and ketone bodies in the urine at periparturient periods. In addition, milk samples were tested for the presence of mastitis at different stages of lactation. Animals showing reduced serum calcium levels, high ketone bodies in the urine or the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis received appropriate therapeutic intervention immediately after detection. After the intervention, the number of animals that got sick with diseases or conditions like milk fever, ketosis, mastitis, and dystocia, which are caused by metabolic problems, was recorded. Results: In the periparturient period, most of the animals had lower serum calcium levels (8.13 ± 1.2 mg/dl), which were significantly increased by the following intervention (10.05 ± 1.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, there was a higher number of ketosis-affected animals (33.9%, 20/59) during the periparturient period, which decreased (18.6%, 11/59) during the postparturient period. Similarly, the number of mastitis-affected cows was also decreased in postparturient cows (30.9%, 13/42) than in periparturient cows (59.5%, 25/42), following improved hygienic measures. After early intervention, the number of study animals with metabolic diseases decreased from 51.7% before intervention to 15.3% after intervention. Conclusions: Early metabolic profiling significantly reduced the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows. Therefore, we recommend regular metabolic profiling of dairy cows and receiving early intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of metabolic diseases on the farm. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 295-300]