The ban of antibiotic growth promoters in many countries necessitate the need for alternatives. This study aimed to assess the growth-promoting potency of nano-phytobiotics (NP) on broiler chickens by using a meta-analysis approach. A systematic search was conducted using online databases. Data of average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were pooled using a random-effect model and the overall effect size was quantified using mean difference (MD). Heterogeneity among the studies was checked using I2 statistics. A total of 11 studies (31 comparisons) using 3,584 broiler chickens were involved in this meta-analysis. Inclusion of NP had no significant effect on ADFI (MD=-1.20 g/bird/d; P=0.157; I2=32%). However, NP significantly improved ADG (MD=2.16 g/bird/d; P=0.002; I2=90%) and FCR (MD=-0.09; P<0.001; I2=91%). Subgroup analysis revealed that NP significantly improved (P<0.05) ADG when the studies using dose of 45-200 and 1,000-10,000 ppm, as well as 42 d study period. Meta-regression analysis also indicated that ADG improvement significantly associated (P<0.05) with the NP dose and study duration, which could explain 21% and 20% of heterogeneity, respectively. This meta-analysis provides evidence that NP inclusion could improve ADG and FCR without alter ADFI on broiler chickens. However, their efficacy may vary according to the NP dose and study duration.

Nanotechnology has been used in a variety of medical applications, including diagnostics, immunisation, medication and gene delivery. Nanotechnology has opened up new ways for molecular biology and biotechnology applications, and it has revolutionised practically every area of veterinary and animal sciences by introducing new, small-scale instruments and materials that are advantageous to living species. Metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, fullerenes,  liposomes, and dendrimers are among the several forms of nanomaterials employed in detection of various diseases, therapy, drug administration, animal nutrition and breeding. It is concluded that, before making nano-products available for animal use, extensive risk evaluations should be carried out to ensure their safety. So, this article provides an overview of existing and promising nano applications in veterinary research that may lead to increased efficiency and production.