Ovary plays a vitalrole in the reproductive biology andbiotechnology of female animals. In thisstudy, both the right and left ovaries ofthe Black Bengal goat were collected fromthe slaughter houses of different Thanasin the Mymensingh district. For each ofthe specimens, gross parameters such asweight, length and width were recorded.Then they were processed and stained withH&E for histomorphometry. This studyrevealed that the right ovary (0.53 ± 0.02g) was heavier than the left (0.52 ± 0.02 g).The length of the right ovary (1.26 ± 0.04cm) was lower than the left (1.28 ± 0.02cm) but the width of the right (0.94 ± 0.02cm) was greater than the left (0.90 ± 0.03cm). The diameter of ovarian follicles inthe cortex was measured as primordial 39.6± 6.61 µm, primary single layer 54.0 ± 4.06µm, primary multi-layer 147.6 ± 11.04 µm,secondary with C-shaped antrum 449.5 ±75.71 µm and graafian 1.3 ± 0.20 mm. Inthe graffian follicle, the thickness of thegranulosa cell layer was 79.2 ± 11.04 µm,theca interna 75.76 ± 6.82 µm, theca externa130.07 ± 12.53 µm and the oocyte diameterwas 109.8 ± 5.75 µm. These results will behelpful to manipulate ovarian functions insmall ruminants

Ultrasonography of the ovaries of 10 bitches was performed daily, using a 7.5-Mhz transducer with a built-in stand-off pad, from the onset of proestrus until the onset of metestrus. Ovarian size, shape, location, echogenicity, follicular development, and apparent ovulation were monitored. Blood samples were collected twice daily for luteinizing hormone determination and daily for progesterone determination. Vaginal smears were made daily for cytologic evaluation. Ultrasonograms were evaluated independent of hormonal and cytologic data, and the day of ovulation was noted. Initially, the ovaries were uniform and had an echogenicity that was equal to or slightly greater than that of the renal cortex. Follicles appeared as focal hypoechoic to anechoic rounded structures. Ovaries were easier to identify as follicular development progressed. Ovarian size increased with time. Apparent ovulation was characterized by a decrease in number of follicles seen from 1 day to the next, but 1 or more follicles remained in at least 1 ovary of 7 of 10 bitches. The ovaries had an oval shape that became rounded after ovulation. At some time after ovulation, all bitches had cystic (anechoic) structures indistinguishable from follicles. These structures increased in echogenicity and decreased in size with time and may have been follicles that did not ovulate, corpora hemorrhagica, fluid-filled corpora lutea, or cyctic luteinized follicles. Time of ovulation determined by ultrasonography paralleled that predicted on the basis of hormonal data in 9 of 10 bitches and with cytologic findings in all bitches.

The present study was conducted on (40) white mice of approximately the same age (4-6 weeks) and body weight (23-25 gm) for the aim of observing the histopathological changes for male and female reproductive organs due to prolonged treatment (6 months) with anticancer chemotherapeutic agent namely methotrexate. Forty mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice of each group 5 mice per sex). The first group (low or therapeutic dose group) was received 0.15 mg/kg B.W. The second group (intermediate dose group ) received 0.3 mg/kg B.W. The third group ( toxic dose group ) received 0.45 mg/kg B.W. the fourth group was a control group; it received 0.2 ml buffered physiological saline. All these groups injected intramuscularly, once weekly for 6 months. The results showed that methotrexate can cause suppression of spermatogenesis. In female, methotrexate can cause obvious pathological changes in uteri and ovaries such as reduced endometrial glands and ovarian follicles respectively

Forty-four female American Shorthair cats with inflammatory uterine disease or infertility were evaluated. Data collected included age, month of diagnosis, housing, reproductive history, results of bacteriologic culture of uterine specimens, serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin and histopathologic features of the ovaries and uterus. Histologically, the ovaries of 19 cats were dominated by active or cystic follicles, whereas 25 cats had luteal-phase ovaries. Of the 25 cats with active corpora lutea, 20 had either recently weaned litters (n = 11) without subsequent exposure to a male cat, or had been housed individually for lengthy periods (n = 9). The finding of active corpora lutea under these circumstances indicates that in queens, ovulation may occur by mechanisms not involving coitus. Prominent, active corpora lutea on the ovaries were associated with adenomatotic proliferative changes in the superficial and glandular epithelium of the uterus and with myometrial hyperplasia, compared with the uterus of cats with follicular ovaries (P < 0.01). Serum progesterone concentration greater than or equal to 1.87 ng/ml was consistently associated with luteal-phase ovaries. Serum progesterone values less than or equal to 0.15 ng/ml were consistently associated with follicular-phase ovaries. Escherichia coli was the organism most commonly isolated from uterine contents.

&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The functions of&nbsp; the ovaries are controlled by many&nbsp; &nbsp;exogenous and endogenous factors,&nbsp; including changes in the biochemical and endocrine glands that occur in the follicular fluid during the breeding season in the bitches. The aim of this study was&nbsp; to determine and compare the concentrations some hormonal in the peripheral circulation and follicular fluid of bitches during the breeding season.&nbsp; For this purpose, ovaries collected from adult bitches immediately after ovariectomy,&nbsp; and blood samples were&nbsp; also collected from these bitches before and after season. The follicular fluid and blood serum samples were analyzed for hormonal concentrations using commercial kits. &nbsp;The results showed that&nbsp; the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone&nbsp; in blood serum at season (54.31&plusmn;0.49, 20.75 &plusmn;0.12, 0.75&plusmn;0.05) respectively. While the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in blood serum at out season (10.88&plusmn;0.39, 0. 61&plusmn;0.036, 0.063&plusmn;0.042) respectively.The concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid at season (69.9&plusmn;0.44, 28.46&plusmn;0.82, 0.331&plusmn;0.65) respectively. While&nbsp; the concentrations of estrogen,&nbsp; progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid out season (there are no found ovarian follicles).&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The present study a significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) in blood serum and follicular fluid&nbsp; at &nbsp;season than &nbsp;that out season blood serum.

Female genital tracts of six to eight years Baladi cows (n=30) were collected from Belevia abattoir of Beni-Suef province during the period from March 2016 to May 2016 to investigate ovarian abnormalities and uterine changes in cattle based on histopathology. Prevalence rates of granulosa cell tumors were 26.67% and 38.89% in right and left ovaries, respectively. Follicular cysts could be detected in both ovaries with percentages of 50.0% and 44.44%, respectively. The most predominant pathological lesions in ovarian medulla were hyalinosis of blood vessels and mononuclear cell infiltration. The main uterine pathological alterations were endometritis associated with degenerative changes and necrosis in the endometrial linings in most cases (n=25), endometriosis (n=13). Variable degrees of congestion from moderate (n=25) to highly congested (n=5) were elucidated. Perivascular cuffing (n=2) and perivascular fibrosis (n=3) of uterine blood vessels could be detected. Immunohistochemically, granulosa cell tumors were positive to vimentin and negative to inhibin.

Ovarian physiology is controlled by many exogenous and endogenous factors including the endocrinological and biochemical alteration that occur in the follicular fluid during the estrus cycle. the aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of some hormonal and biochemical composition in peripheral circulation and follicular fluid of buffaloes .For this purpose ,ovaries collected from adult buffaloes immediately after slaughter, and blood samples where also collected from these buffaloes before slaughter in Basra abattoir. Samples were classified into two groups according to the follicle diameter, small (4-8 mm) and large (> 8 mm). The follicular fluid and plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical composition using commercial kits. The results showed that small follicles had significant higher (p