A total of 65 Pasteurella multocida were isolated and identified from various animal’s samples received by Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) during the period of 2014 to 2016. These animals comprises of cattle, goat, pig, chicken, duck and rabbit. The serogroup of Pasteurella multocida were carried out using designation system of Carter’s capsular typing and molecular serogrouping method. Based on cases submitted to VRI, the prevalence of pasteurellosis in Malaysia ranging from 1.0% to 3.2% (2014 to 2016). It is low compared to previous reports and the pattern of predominant serogroups and animal hosts were found to be changing every year. In 2014, 80% (12/15) of the isolates were Pasteurella multocida Carter’s type D where all were isolated from goats. In 2015, the predominant serogroup changed to Pasteurella multocida Carter’s type A with a prevalence rate of 40.6% (13/32) which were mostly isolated from duck and cattle. While for Pasteurella multocida Carter’s type D, the prevalence in 2015 reduced to 21.9% (7/32) compared to the previous year and it was isolated from various animal species. Interestingly, in 2015 there was one isolate of Pasteurella multocida Carter’s type B isolated from goat with no reported history of outbreak. In 2016, the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida Carter’s type A increased to 72.2% (13/18), with a high percentage (92.3%) infection in young calves showing clinical signs with high mortality and morbidity in infected farms. Furthermore, during these 3 years of study, 3 isolates of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F were also identified each from pig, goat and chicken, respectively. In conclusion, this study revealed that pasteurellosis had become sporadic in Malaysia and the distribution of serogroups were diverse in all species of animal with no definitive host.

The study was conducted toknow the anatomy of the brachial plexus ofWhite New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolaguscuniculus). Ten healthy male and femaleWhite New Zealand rabbits were dissectedin this study. It was found that the brachialplexus of the White New Zealand Rabbitwas formed by ventral branches of C5,C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 spinal nerves.The cranial trunk was formed by thecaudal branch of C5, C6 and caudal trunkformed by rami ventralis of C7, C8, T1and the cranial branch of ventral ramusof T2. Cranial pectoral nerve originatedfrom the caudal trunk spreading into thepectoral muscles. The musculocutaneousnerve innervates into the brachial muscleand the axillary nerve into the subscapularmuscle. The radial nerve was dividedinto two branches as ramus profundusand ramus superficial then divided intothe digital dorsal common III and IV.The thoracodorsal nerve innervates thelatissimusdorsi muscle. The median nervewas divided into digital dorsal commonI, II, III and IV nerves. The ulnar nerveformed the caudal cutaneous antebrachialthen digital dorsal common IV and Vnerves. Lateral thoracic and caudal pectoralnerves originated from the caudal trunk.The origin and distribution of brachialplexus resemble that of porcupines butdiffer from other mammals.

This paper reports on the laboratory animal population in the
Laboratory Animal Unit, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Ipoh from 2005 to 2010. Laboratory Animal Unit is a complementary unit which serves to supply laboratory animals to all diagnostic and research units in VRI. The objective of this unit is to breed and produce laboratory animals such as rabbits, mice, rats, guinea
pigs and hamsters for research projects as well as diagnostic and biological activities. The unit also supplies laboratory animals to
private agencies, universities and schools. There are 6 species of laboratory animals in VRI namely rabbit (New Zealand Breed), guinea pig (Hartlay Strain), hamster (Golden Syrian), white mice (Swiss Albino), BALB/c mice and Sprague Dawley Rat. Management of the animals includes breeding, fertility, production and disease monitoring. Generally, white mice bred well and had a high population
from 2005 to 2010 compared to the other laboratory animals due to their short gestation period and large litter size. With the higher current demand for laboratory animals, the production of the unit is
expected to increase.

The characteristic thin skin of the scrotal sac in a rabbit was tornresulting in traumatic exposure of the right testicle. Bilateral orchiectomy through an open scrotal approach was performed undergeneral anaesthesia. The rabbit was premedicated with Acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg, 0.15 ml) and Flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, 0.03 ml,) intra-muscularly. Isoflurane was used for induction at 5% with O2flow rate at 0.7 L/min and maintenance Isoflurane, 1.5% - 3%, O2 flow rate = 0.7 L/min) of general anaesthesia. Both right and left testicles were removed and the hemiscrotal incision was closed with 4-0 Vicryl, horizontal mattress suture pattern. Post-operative treatments with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents wereinstituted and the client was advised about how to safely manage aggressive behaviour of rabbits towards each other. The surgicalsite healed without complication and the neutered rabbit recovered fully within 14 days.