Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enterococci in inflammatory secretions from mastitic bovine udders and to assess their antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A total of 2,000 mastitic milk samples from cows were tested in 2014–2017. The isolation of enterococci was performed by precultivation in buffered peptone water, selective multiplication in a broth with sodium azide and cristal violet, and cultivation on Slanetz and Bartley agar. The identification of enterococci was carried out using Api rapid ID 32 strep kits. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the MIC technique. Results: Enterococci were isolated from 426 samples (21.3%). Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (360 strains), followed by E. faecium (35 isolates), and small numbers of others. The highest level of resistance was observed to lincomycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tylosin. Single strains were resistant to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were sensitive to daptomycin. E. faecalis presented a higher level of resistance in comparison to E. faecium, except to nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The results showed frequent occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and confirmed the high rate of their antimicrobial resistance.

The objectives of this study were to describe the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. isolates in fecal samples from beef cow-calf herds and to examine the associations between herd management practices, reported antimicrobial use, and AMR. Baseline prevalence data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programs. A pooled fecal sample, representing 20 cows, was collected from each of 107 herds during pregnancy testing. In the 305 recovered E. coli isolates (maximum 3 per herd), resistance to ≥ 1 antimicrobial was identified in 12 isolates [4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2% to 7%] from 105 herds (11%, 95% CI: 7% to 19%). The most common resistances identified in E. coli isolates were to tetracycline (3%) and to both streptomycin and sulfisoxazole (3%). Only 1 E. coli isolate was resistant to an antimicrobial of very high importance to human health - amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. However, 2 E. coli isolates had intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to 1 antimicrobial was identified in 16 of 87 Campylobacter spp. isolates (18%, 95% CI: 11% to 28%) from 87 herds. Resistance to tetracycline was reported in 15% of Campylobacter spp. isolates and to nalidixic acid in 3.4%. Herds in which cows were treated with florfenicol were more likely to have E. coli resistance to ≥ 2 antimicrobials (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 57, P = 0.03). Herds with calf mortality of > 5% were more likely to have E. coli with resistance to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole [odds ratio (OR): 7.8, P = 0.03]. The results of this study are consistent with previous reports from western Canada and provide a starting point for designing an ongoing antimicrobial surveillance program.