The purpose of the study was to investigated the histological effect dietary L-arginine supplementation at 0%, 5%, and 10% above National Research Council recommendations on the testes of 225 male Japanese quail from three genetic lines (white, Brown, and gray). The current study was conducted from December 6, 2022, to July 1, 2023, at the poultry farm of Kirkuk University's animal production department, College of Agriculture. Initially, the Directorate of Agricultural Research-Baghdad. Birds were divided by color into three groups and fed diets containing different arginine levels from age 30 to 90 days. Testes from selected birds were examined histologically after H&E staining. Results showed that 5% arginine (S2) induced significant spermatogenic activity in all groups, with the most notable effect in gray quail (thickened basement membranes, increased spermatogenesis, and fat infiltration). The Brown line showed moderate changes, while the white line exhibited only mild stimulation with no fat infiltration. At 10% arginine (S3), the gray line displayed severe histopathological changes, including basement membrane thickening, Sertoli cell disruption, fat infiltration, and signs of early lipoma formation. The Brown line exhibited signs of hyperplasia, while the white line showed enhanced spermatogenesis and sperm maturation with minimal adverse effects. In conclusion, gray quail were highly sensitive to arginine supplementation, Brown quail showed a moderate response, and white quail demonstrated increased spermatogenic activity with minimal histological damage.

The present study emphasizes the importance of in Ovo feeding strategies, particularly the supplementation of fertilized eggs with amino acids such as L-arginine to enhance the Bursa of Fabricius development. Targeted nutritional interventions during embryogenesis offer a promising approach to improving the overall health, productivity, and market value of poultry. The experiment was done in the college of agriculture - University of Sulaimani to study the effects of arginine on the bursal tissue of commercial and local Kurdish chickens. One hundred fertile eggs involved from the Ross-308 broiler breeder strain and one hundred fertile eggs from a local breed. The in ova inoculation treated included a control group without inoculation and three groups inoculation with 1%, 2%, and 3% Arginine solutions. The inoculations were carried out twice, on the 14th and 18th days of incubation. Four chicks at one-day age from each Treated group were euthanized, and their bursa of Fabricius was preserved for histological slide preparation. The study found that bursal follicular proliferation in Kurdish breeds showed significant improvements in lymphoid follicles and number compared to commercial breeds. The scoring system for bursal follicular proliferation was higher in the G4 (3% Arginine) Treated group. However, bursal sections from Fabricius bursa showed significant aggravation in follicle number, with G3 and G4 Treated groups scoring higher. Eggs inoculated with arginine showed significant follicular growth in both breeds.

Goats are one type of livestock that has a high socioeconomic value for farmers. Most of the goats owned by farmers in Amplas Village are grazed and penned. Goats that are kept in a semi-intensive way are annually attacked by diarrhoeal diseases compared to goats that are kept intensively. This is thought to be due to the presence of gastrointestinal parasites that attack livestock due to the way they are kept. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of infection and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in goats reared with semi-intensive and intensive rearing systems. The samples examined were 60 faecal samples which were divided based on the rearing system. The samples were then taken to the laboratory of the veterinary center in Medan. The results of the observations showed haemonchus, trichuris, and capillaria sp. The highest prevalence value in Haemonchus sp. was 100%. The lowest prevalence was in Capillaria sp. with a value of 3.3%. The highest intensity was for Haemonchus sp. parasites with a value of 358 grains/ind. The lowest intensity was for Capillaria sp. parasites with a value of 10 grains/ind.Keywords: parasite, nematode, gastrointestinal, goat

Indonesia has significant potential in the beef and dairy cattle sectors but faces challenges in improving the genetic quality of livestock. Embryo Transfer (ET) is a biotechnological approach that can enhance genetic quality and livestock productivity. This study aims to examine and analyze the factors affecting the success rate of pregnancies in FH dairy cattle as recipients of embryo transfer at Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang. Secondary data from BET Cipelang (2017-2023) were used, including variables such as embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and embryo donor breeds. The results showed that good embryo quality (24.55%) and fresh transfer methods (35.19%) significantly increased pregnancy success (p 0.05). Synchronization methods using PGF2 and a combination of Progesterone + PGF2 increased the chances of pregnancy by 3.60 and 3.89 times, respectively, compared to natural estrus. Although not statistically significant, recipient age groups of 3-5 years and 6-9 years had higher pregnancy success rates compared to the 10-12 years age group. The donor breed of embryos did not show a significant effect on pregnancy rates. Therefore, this study concludes that good embryo quality and fresh transfer methods significantly increase the pregnancy success rate in FH dairy cattle at BET Cipelang. The factors influencing pregnancy rates include embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and donor breed, with embryo quality and fresh transfer methods having the greatest impact. To improve pregnancy rates, it is recommended to select high-quality embryos, use fresh transfer methods, and implement effective estrus synchronization protocols, such as PGF2 injection or a combination of Progesterone + PGF2. Further research involving various recipient cattle breeds and genetic and environmental factors is also advised.

The main purpose of this study was to survey on achieving recombinant DNA vaccine (live delivery) against Streptococcusis for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Immunization. Initially, a total of 515 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weighing 50_200g) in 72 farms in 8 provinces. Approximately, 40% (206 samples) of specimens were infected with Streptococcus species. Then isolated 172 DNA samples were and consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalatiae, and Streptococcus uberis. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in S. iniae. Therefore, S. iniae was initially isolated S. iniae and cloned the phosphoglucomutase gene. Then, the PGM gene was amplified successfully and cloned in the pTZ57R cloning vector. The recombinant plasmid was subcloned into the pETD uet-l expression vector by restriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR. Meanwhile, for amplifying simA and cpsD genes were used universal primers pNZ8148 and special for simA and cpsD genes. The recombinant bacteria Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) was used to transform the plasmid into L. lactis. Vaccination was performed by bath and injection (peritoneal) methods. The efficiency of g2 was better than g1in these two methods and in all of the groups. The detection of anti S. iniae antibody and determination of IgM level was carried out by using ELISA. The results revealed that there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the level of IgM in both two methods and experiment groups compared to the control group. The results of the challenge of vaccinating fish with S. iniae showed that fish RPS in all groups were more than 50 percent while in the control group was 21.43 percent. The highest fish RPS belonged to group 5(61.25 percent) and statistical analyses revealed a significant (p<0.05) difference between fish vaccinated RPS, compared to the control group.

Temperature significantly influences the distribution and survival of bivalve populations, with elevated temperatures resulting in increased mortality rates. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations can markedly affect bivalve immune responses, including gene expression, hemocyte concentrations, and overall immunocompetence. Higher temperatures impair immune functions, leading to decreased phagocytic activity, compromised immune parameters, and disrupted metabolic processes, which collectively contribute to increased mortality. Understanding the relationship between temperature stress and bivalve survival is crucial for effective population management and for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts on bivalve populations in changing ecosystems.

In recent years mammary gland neoplasm has been recognized in pet and laboratory rabbits. The present study describes the concurrence of two malignant mammary gland neoplasms in a six-year-old intact female domestic rabbit. On clinical examination, the masses were observed in the left inguinal and right thoracic mammary glands. Based on owner information, the inguinal mammary gland mass within the previous 3-month period, and the thoracic mammary gland mass within the previous 6-month period, had become evident. Finally, complete surgical removal of the masses was selected. Tissue samples of the masses were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with H&E. In addition, immunohistochemical studies on masses sections were performed using primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Microscopically, the left mass was diagnosed as solid carcinoma, and the right mass was diagnosed as intraductal papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells in both of masses with primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The best treatment option for mammary masses in pet rabbits is surgical excision, that is performed under general anesthesia. In this case, no new growth of the masses was observed 4 months following surgical procedures.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor also known as transmissible venereal tumor, contagious venereal tumor, transmissible lymphosarcoma, transmissible venereal sarcoma and infectious granuloma. This tumor commonly affects the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes but More incidences in females are occurring as compared to males. The clinical signs of the genital system include serosanguineous vaginal discharge, cutaneous discharge, protrusion of neoplastic lesions, intermittent or continuous skin lesions, swelling of the genital area, excessive licking of the genital region and pain. The tumor initially is small and its color varies from pink to red, subsequently transforming into a large, ulcerated and infected mass. Over time, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions develop into fragile, hyperemic, bleeding, multilobular and cauliflower resembling masses. A Sarabi bitch, 18 months old, was referred to the hospital of faculty of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz, suffering from serosanguineous vaginal discharge for the past three months. During examinations, the size of the vagina was normal and the discharge was observed to be red in color. CBC and biochemistry tests indicated a decrease in red blood cells and hematocrit level, along with an increase in fibrinogen. In the vaginal cytology sample, red blood cells, large and small intermediate cells and TVT round cells were observed. After multiple assessments, a diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was confirmed. However, due to the owner’s lack of follow up, treatment was not completed.

Although sabiyal wetland is supposed to sieve pollutants carried by the lake, growing human activity has caused it to deteriorate and shrink in size, reducing its ability to do so and allowing waste to flow into the lake. This makes evaluating the effects of wastewater in that lake urgently necessary. Since little is known about the use of serum and haematological assays to assess fish health in relation to heavy metals, this study is essential. This study aims to evaluate African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) blood profiles and heavy metal concentrations in Sabiyal Lake, Aliero, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Kebbi State's Aliero Local Government Area, specifically at Sabiyal Lake. For this investigation, five percent (5%) of the C. gariepinus that were caught were used. Samples of blood, gills, and bone were obtained using conventional techniques. Heavy metal analysis was done on all samples, while haematological, plasma, and serum analyses were done on the blood samples. The findings indicated that there was a huge variation in the haematological variables during the course of the research periods (p<0.05). Decreased plasma biochemistry (p<0.05) and different enzymes (p<0.05). The blood, gills, and bone of fish collected from Sabiyal Lake showed varying levels of heavy metal contamination. Fish collected in October had the highest concentration of lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, and iron, while fish recorded in December had the lowest concentration.  The investigation found that the high concentration of heavy metals had an impact on the fish from Sabiyal Lake's haematology, biochemistry, and blood enzymes. Therefore, more study should be done to monitor and control the fish and water in Sabiyal Lake.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful statistical tool used to reduce the complexity of large datasets while preserving significant variations. In this study, PCA was applied to explore the morphological traits of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), specifically focusing on skull measurements to identify key components affecting skull weight. A total of 112 quails (64 males and 48 females) were measured for various skull features, which were then analyzed through PCA. The analysis extracted three principal components for both sexes, explaining 52.76% of the variance in males and 56.52% in females. Key features such as Cerebellar Prominentia and Paraoccipital Process were identified as significant contributors to skull morphology. PCA was correspondingly applied to the measurements of male and female Japanese Quails' skulls, in order to identify those components which may explain most of the variation in skull weight. In this respect, simplification of data by PCA may indicate which morphological features supply most to the observed variation in skull weight and, therefore, provide interesting insights into the avian skull morphology. The goal of this research will be helpful in the laying of clear understanding regarding the anatomical features highly influential for skull structure, and of high importance to evolutionary biology, studies of veterinary importance, and poultry breeding programs. These findings highlight the applicability of PCA in anatomical studies and provide a deeper understanding of avian skull morphology.