Salmonella is gram negative, facultative anaerobe and zoonotic bacteria and their serotyping based on the Kauffmann-White schema according to these three different antigens including somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. Among these serotypes, S. enterica subsp. enterica (I) is the most important factor responsible for Salmonella infections. It has been reported in several publications that Salmonella infections caused by S. Rubislaw have started to be seen in recent years with the increase of exotic animal breeding for hobby purposes. In the serotyping of Salmonella spp. positive environmental isolate sample, which was sent from a poultry establishment to the Bacteriological Diagnostic Laboratory of the Central Research Institute of Veterinary Control on 20.10.2019, Salmonella enterica serotype Rubislaw was identified. This isolate is the first specimen in which S. Rubislaw was identified. It is highly probable that similar cases in which exotic animals play an important role in transmission are more common in our country in the near future.

In the past, horses were used for pulling and riding at agriculture and transportation services. As a result of the increase in mechanization theyhave lost their own importance in these areas, and then they were released into the nature by owners. These wild horses named Yılkı werespending the winter in nature during their first years and then were captured in the spring for using in farm activities. Due to they have notbeen used for this purpose today, the Yılkı population increased. Today, wild horses are living in mainly Karaman (Karadağ), Kayseri (ErciyesMountain), Manisa (Spil and Yunt Mountains), Afyon (Akdağ, Kumalar Mountain, Emirdede Plateau), Samsun (Kızılırmak Basin), Izmir(Gediz Basin), Antalya (Eynif Plain and Beydağlar) provinces, Kaz Mountains and in different regions of Turkey in groups of 15-20 heads.By adapting to wildlife and increasing their number, these wild horses began to pose a threat to other wild animals and agricultural land in theregion due to the food shortage during the heavy winter months. Due to this reason, the studies are being carried out for recording wild horses,making their care and treatments, and reducing the number of horses to the level of capacity of living area. This paper has focused on wildhorses, their regions and some methods used to be kept their numbers under the control.

Klinik ve deneysel incelemelerde, inhalasyon anestezisi olan sevofluran ile kombinasyon halinde, lidokain, deksmedetomidin ve propofolile birlikte istenen zamanda ve kalitede genel anestezi kullanımı amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, kısırlaştırma ve kırık operasyonları gibi tedaviamacıyla hayvan hastanesinde getirilen 30 yetişkin köpek kullanılmıştır. Çalışma materyali her grupta 6 denek olmak üzere 5 gruba olarakoluşturuldu. Anestezi öncesi denekler klinik ve hematolojik (tam kan sayımı) parametreler değerlendirildi. Tüm denekler 6 mg / kg propofolile indüksiyon aldı. İndüksiyondan sonra, denekler entübe ve ventilasyon cihazına bağlandı. Anestezinin devamı için ilk grup sevofluran (1,5MAC), ikinci grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + lidokain (iv 3 mg / kg / saat), üçüncü grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + lidokain (iv 6 mg / kg / saat),)dördüncü grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + deksmedetomidin (iv 1.5 μg / kg / saat), beşinci grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + deksmedetomidin (iv 3 μg/ kg / saat) anestezisine alındı. Anestezik madde konsantrasyonu yüzdesi, SpO2 ve ETCO2, venöz kan pH, PO2, PCO2 düzeyleri entübasyonsonrası periyodik olarak değerlendirildi. Anestezi öncesi ve anastezi sonrası 10, 30 ve 60. dakikalarda ve 24. saatte klinik ve hematolojik parametrelerdeğerlendirildi. Genel olarak anestezi grupları değerlendirildiğinde yalnız sevofluran verilen gruba göre idame ilaç verilen gruplardahematolojik verilerin daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Solunum, kardiyolojik veriler ve uyanma dönemi değerlendirildiğinde yine en iyi verilerinidame ilaç verilen gruplarda olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kulak zarının temel fonksiyonu ses titreşimlerini dış ortamdan alarak kulak kemikçiklerine iletmektir. Yara iyileşmesinde mast hücrelerininsayılarının arttığı bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, deneysel pars tensa perforasyonunda mast hücrelerinin sayı ve heterojenitesi incelenmiştir.Pars tensa %10 formol’de tespit edilip yıkandıktan sonra rutin histolojik doku takibi prosedürlerinden geçirilerek parafinde bloklandı. Alınankesitler toluidin blue ve alcian blue/safranin O kombine boya metodu ile boyandı. Tüm gruplarda, pars tensada mast hücreleri metakromatik,alcian blue (+) ve safranin O (+) boyandı. İyileşme sürecinde en fazla sayıda mast hücresine nar ekstratı verilmiş grupta rastlandı.

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a wide broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used widely in veterinary medicine. It was aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of ENR in Kilis goats at single dosage of 2.5 mg/kg per goat body weight (bw) in the present study. A total of 10 healthy Kilis male goats were divided into 2 groups: each including 5 animals for the pharmacokinetic studies Group I, received 2.5 mg/kg via vena jugularis by IV route; Group 2 received the same dose by intramuscular route through administration at musculus semitendinosus at formulation. Group 1 blood samples were taken at 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours and Group 2 blood samples were taken at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours after administration of drug. ENR and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CPR) analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Maximal plasma concentration (Cmax 0.77 ± 0.05 μg/ml for IM) was reached at 1.00 h (Tmax) for IM. The elimination half-life (T1/2) of ENR was of 21.09 ± 0.87 h for IV and 29.75 ± 2.50 h for IM. The values of area under concentration-time curve (AUC) of ENR were of 6.46 ± 0.52 and 4.11 ± 0.35 μg.h/ml. ENR bioavailability (F) was calculated as 63.62%. The elimination half-life of CPR was of 19.31 ± 2.15 h for IV and 33.42 ± 1.28 h for IM.

Red hot pepper, in the science of botany is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family and known as Capsicum annuum. Capsaicin is the active ingredient in cayenne pepper. Mast cells are cells with intracytoplasmic granules in the connective tissue, showing metachromasia under appropriate conditions. The aim of the study is to observe mast cell localization and tryptase and chymase expression in ovaries of rats administered subcutaneous capsaicin at 1 mg / kg dose during postnatal development periods. Sixty female Spraque-Dawley rats (21 d old) were used.  The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) as pubertal, post pubertal and adult.  Each group was subdivided into two groups.  The first subgroup (control) was given no injections.  The second subgroup (experiment) received subcutaneous injection of equal volume of capsaicin (1 mg/kg/d) for 7 weeks. Mast cells were observed in the cortex and medulla regions of the ovary during three different developmental periods, giving rise to tryptase and chymase positive reactions. In conclusion, low dose long-term capsaicin administration does not inactivate the presence of mast cells in the ovarian tissue, and the observation of fewer tryptase and chymase immunoreactive cells in the capsaicin-treated experimental groups led us to the conclusion that capsaicin positively affected mast cell heterogeneity in gonads.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the parasitic infestation on some hormonal and biochemical values ​​in sheep infected with sarcoptic scabies. In this context, leptin and thyroid hormones which are important in metabolism and some biochemical changes were examined. The study material was selected from sheeps presented to Research and Application Hospital of Veterinary Faculty of Kırıkkale University and divided into two groups. The first group was consisted of sheeps infected with sarcoptic scabies and the second group was selected from healthy sheeps. The blood samples were collected from vena jugularis to serum tubes and they were centrifugated for the separation of the sera. The biochemical measurements were performed on these serum samples to investigate the levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and leptin hormones as well as magnesium, albumin, total protein, uric acid, inorganic phosphate, triglyceride, calcium, creatine kinase and cholesterol. From these parameters, T4, calcium and cholesterol were increased and the FT3 values were decreased in the group of sarcoptic sheeps (p<0.05). Our data suggest that sarcoptic scabies may disturb the balance of thyroid hormone levels and lead to differences in the levels of biochemical parameters.

The term echinococcosis refers to the disease caused by any species of the genus Echinococcus. It is a parasitic disease that has been known since the 17th century and continues to be an important problem to human and animal health as well as economic losses caused by the disease. In livestock, the economic loss caused by organ destruction due to echinococcosis is not the only drawback; the reduction in meat, milk and fleece quality and yield, decreased fertility, and low birth weight should also be taken into account. In humans, the infection causes high economic losses due to hospitalization, loss of labor and diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. Therefore, it is apparent that prevention and control programs should be implemented effectively to prevent or minimize the adverse consequences of echinococcosis, as it is well known that economic losses associated with human health and animal husbandry are immense. In this review, we aimed to contribute to the understanding of the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus species, to present current data on this topic, and to obtain information about the current status of echinococcosis in terms of zoonotic potential.

External skelatal fixators have been used in veterinary medicine for many years.  Fractures or joints stabilized using percutaneus fixation pins that penetrate the bone internally and connected externally. External fixators are useful for open and communited fractures that require prolonged fixation. It is especially useful in veterinary medicine because of the ease of application and wide spectrum indications.  

In this study, within the boundaries of the river Kizilirmak River Basin, Kirikkale and Ankara aimed at the determination of the fauna of Simuliidae.           The materials of the study were a total of 8877 samples including 7509 larva, 372 end-stage larva and 996 pupae from nine different station (Kalecik, Bala, Yahşihan, Merkez (Kirikkale), Bahşılı, Keskin, Karakeçili, Çelebi, Sulakyurt) of Kızılırmak river and branches of Kızılırmak Basin bounded by the borders of Kırıkkale and Ankara province between March 2009 and October 2010. Diagnostic examined and assessed by key stereo microscope. After the idenfications, S. petricolum, S. equinum, S. pseudequinum, S. lineatum, S. balcanicum, S. erythrocephalum and S. alajense were detected as species level, S.angustipes and S. ornatum were detected as group level. Simulium. petricolum (25.73%) was the most prevalent specie while S. alajense (0.02%) was the least. In conclusion, Simuliiumlineatum, S. pseudequinum, S. balcanicum and S. alajense were detected in Kızılırmak basin previously but S. petricolum,S. equinum and S. erythrocephalum were recorded first time in this place. Keywords: Ankara, identification, Kirikkale, Kızılırmak River Basin, prevalence, Simulium spp.