Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common occurring malignancies in the world and has been reported in various species ofanimals including dogs, cats, sheep and pigs. The aim of this study was to assess the ameliorative effects of nanoforms of silibinin and resveratrol on the body weights, feed intake, and water intake of hepatocarcinogenesis induced rats. One hundred and eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups and feed intake, water consumption, body weight gains were recorded. The study revealed a significant difference in the feed intake, water intake, body weights in carcinogen group with control and treatment groups.Nano resveratrol and nano silibinin groups effectively ameliorated compared to raw resveratrol and raw silibinin groups there by suggesting their usage in therapy for liver cancer. 

The present study was conducted on one month age twenty four weaned broiler rabbits having similar body weights, which were divided into four groups with 6 rabbits in each group for a period of 42 days to study the effect of inclusion of Mannan oli gosaccharides (MOS), Oxytetracycline and Ocimum sanctum supplements in the basal diet on growth performance, feed intake and FCR in New Zealand white rabbits. The study revealed that initial and final body weights, daily and weekly feed intakes and FCR did not differ significantly. However, higher body weights and lower FCR values were recorded in treatment groups supplemented with MOS and Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum). 

A retrospective study was carried out to calculate incidence of various etiology responsible for repeat breeders in graded Murrah buffaloes during period of 2020-2021. The characterization of repeat breeding based on affections of reproductive tract in buffaloes (n=130), revealed that 6.92%, 75.38 and 17.70% had ovarian, uterine and cervical affections, respectively. Amongst the buffaloes withhistory of failure of conception, the most predominant cause of uterine affections was endometritis with an occurrence of 89.80 per cent (88/98). 

Thelaziasis is the infestation of eye with parasitic nematodes belongs order spirurida and family Thelazidae. Thelazia spp. inhabit the eyes and associated tissues such as eyelids, lacrimal ducts of various mammals, birds and human etc.  Thelaziasis is observed in Mahaboobnagar goat, which was presented to Veterinary clinical complex, Tirupati with actively moving worms observed in the conjunctiva of left eye with lacrimation and photophobia. It was treated successfully with levamisole orally @ 5 mg/kg body wt and Ivermectin injection @ of 0.2 mg/kg body wt subcutaneously and applied antimicrobial steroid ointment in to the eye for theprevention of inflammation and secondary bacterial infection. 

This study was aimed to identify the better extraction conditions for anthocyanin from fresh and dry leaves of Moringa oleifera. The variables used in this study were solvents (aqueous, ethanol, methanol) and each solvent added with acidified agents (1% citric acid, 0.1% HCl and 1% acetic acid), temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80ºC), steeping times (60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 min) and pH (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9). Study showed that the anthocyanin content was higher for fresh leaves of moringa extracted with test solvent methanol acidified with 0.1% HCl. From the results, extraction at 60ºC for 120 min at pH of 3 was observed as the optimum combination for the yield of maximum anthocyanin content. However, for food purposes, moringa fresh leaves are recommended to be extracted with ethanol (acidified with 1% citric acid). The yield of anthocyanin, at optimised extraction conditions, was found to be 0.359 ± 0.0005 mg C3G/g.

A 28 day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of liquid milk replacer on the growth performance of early weaned piglets. Forty piglets (average birth weight 1.18 ± 0.01 kg) of 14 days of age were selected and grouped into five treatments groups viz (control, unweaned), T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 and fed with liquid milk replacer type I, type II, type III and type IV, respectively. This study revealed that piglets supplemented with liquid milk replacer type I (T2) had comparable body weight gain (5.95 ± 0.08 kg ) compared to control (5.77 ± 0.28 kg) and T3 , T4 and T5 had significantly lower weight gain than T2 and control piglets.

Trammel net is one of the important fishing gears operated along Thoothukudi coast of Tamil Nadu. This paper documents the design and general features of Cuttle Fish Trammel Net (CFTN) being operated by the fishermen of Therespuram fishing village to capture Cuttle fishes and Squids. It was observed that both the inner and outer panels of CFTN were made of Nylon mono filament webbing. The mesh size of the inner panel ranged from 52 mm to 60 mm, whereas the mesh sizes of outer panels ranged from 265 to 290 mm. The number of meshes in the inner and outer panels of CFTN along length was 1,500 and 350 respectively whereas along the depth the number of meshes was 50 and 7-8 respectively. The hanging coefficient of inner and outer panel was estimated to be 0.4 and 0.7, respectively. A pair of polypropylene ropes (PP) with thickness of 3-5 and 3 mm were tied together and used as head rope and foot rope in CFTN. A total 6 to 10 units of trammel nets were found to be used per fishing trip. The trammel nets were set before sunrise and hauled after the soaking duration of 3 hrs. Indiscriminate fishing with respect to different sizes of both cuttle fishes and squids was the major problem encountered in this net due to its entangling nature. Among the various species captured by the trammel net finfishes are found to be the dominant species (70.9 Kg/soaking day) followed by cuttle fishes (8.1 Kg/soaking day). Crabs were the least dominant species with catch rate of 1.4 Kg/soaking day.

SARS CoV-2 is a global pandemic threatening mankind and is causing great economic losses. Remedies are sought by eminent scientists throughout the world from various sources of available medicine. The search for the efficient drug candidate to combat the dreaded pandemic is still on. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. is a common medicinal herb having various medicinal properties like cytotoxic, antitumorigenic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant, and hepatoprotective properties. In this study, a few promising phyto constituents of C. sappan were chosen and their effects against the important disease-causing protein receptors of SARS CoV-2 were studied in silico. Phytoconstituents of Caesalpinia sappan (Caesalpin J, Deoxysappanone B, Methylepisappanol, Methylsappanol, Quercetin) expressed superior or equivalent binding affinity against the three chosen receptors of SARS CoV-2 namely spike glycoprotein, main protease, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Hence, necessary in vivo studies may be undertaken to evaluate the antiviral properties of C. sappan against SARS CoV-2.

Atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease. The present study was conducted to find out the alleviative effect of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. against haemato-biochemical alterations of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Wistar rats. Fifty-four Wistar rats (male – 27 and female – 27) were randomly divided into six different groups: Group I (normal pellet feed), group II (high-fat diet), group III (root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L.), group IV (atorvastatin), group V (HFD + root extract of Mirabilis jalapa L.) and group VI (HFD + atorvastatin). The treatments were given from the 8thday to the 30th day in group V and group VI. Haematological parameters, hepatic enzymes, serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices were studied in HFD induced atherosclerosis. Ethanolic extract of M. jalapa L. (EEM) showed a highly significant reduction in lipid profile, atherogenic indices, hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST) compared with the HFD group. No significant differences were observed in the haematological values of all the groups. The results indicated that M. jalapa L. has a partial alleviative effect on HFD induced biochemical changes in the atherosclerotic rat.

Rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of Leptospirosis in canines is very much helpful in areas of increased prevalence. This study aimed to visualise Recombinase Polymerase amplified DNA of pathogenic Leptospira for rapid diagnosis of Leptospirosis in canine. The Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay for amplifying the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira was optimised. The visual detection of the amplified DNA by incorporating an optimised concentration of SYBR Green I dye in an indigenously built low-cost detection device was also optimised. Light green fluorescence was observed in the positive samples, while the negative samples appeared orange. The visual detection format of the RPA can be integrated as a point of a diagnostic test in any veterinary clinic or in remote areas where resource settings are limited.