Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a good useful imaging tool for diagnosing foot lameness in equine. Seventeen donkeys of age (6–12 years), gender admitted to the clinic unit of our collage with owners complained that the animals were suffered from incurable lameness in their forelimbs. All forelimb foots were collected at the level of fetlock joint after euthanasia for performing MR imaging .The results showed that, both normal anatomy to the foot using T1-weighted image sequence and detection of different lesions involving many parts of the foot such as collateral ligaments of the DIP joint, both DDFT core and border, both navicular bone medullary cavity and cortex, articular cartilage of DIP joint, distal sesamoidean impair ligament (DSIL) and suspensory ligament of the navicular bone that could not be diagnosed by other diagnostic tools such as X- ray, ultrasound and Computed Tomography. In conclusion, Using MRI in examination of donkey foot lameness is considered as a definitive and accurate diagnostic tool for design suitable treatment regimens for all affections.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and costly disease affecting beef cattle calves in the world. The objectives of this study were to put a high light on epidemiology of P. multocida and M. haemolytica as important causes of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in Egypt Governorates; Giza, El-Fayoum, BeniSuef, Assiut and Sohag. A total number of 406 deep nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from 406 bovine calves suffered from respiratory manifestations reared in different Governorates in Egypt. Bacteriological examination was achieved and isolation of P. multocida and M. haemolytica were attained. The overall prevalence of both P. multocida and M. haemolytica was of 26.6%; 18.2% for P. multocida and 8.4%for M. haemolytica. EL-Fayoum Governorate showed the highest prevalences while Beni-Suef Governorate showed the lowest prevalences. P. multocida was singly isolated from 4.9% of cases. While it was mixed with S. aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., both S. aureus and E. coli, both S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. and both E. coli and Streptococcus spp. with percentages of 4%, 1.2%, 2.2%, 1.7%, 3.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, M. haemolytica was isolated as a single isolate from 1.7% of cases while it was mixed with S.aureus, Streptococcus spp., both S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. and both E. coli and Streptococcus spp. with percentages of 2.7%, 1.2%, 2.5% and 0.2%, respectively. In conclusion respiratory manifestations are very important disorders in bovine calves. P. multocida and M. haemolytica are the most common bacteria causing infection.

Commercial broiler chickens are frequently infected with Ecoli serotypes in form of collibacillosis which characterized as an initial respiratory infection (air sacculitis) followed by generalized septicemia, perihepatitis and pericarditis. The present work aimed to study the ability of E.coli O125 previuosly isolated and identified from diseased broilers suffered from pericarditis , airsacculitis and perihapatitis to induce a disease and The current study aimed to determine the pathogenicity of E. coli serogroup O125 in broiler chicks, a trial of prevention and treatment using probiotic ( Guardyazin-m) or antibiotic (Cipronate20%). The chicks were divided into seven groups including control negative, orally infected , subcutenously infected , probiotic treated group, and finally antibiotic treated group. The clinical signs, mortality, performance parameters and postmortem examination as well as the pathological changes in liver and intestine were recorded. The probiotic group gave the best results in controlling infection by E. coli O125 followed by antibiotic. In conclusion, the E. coli O125 serogroup was pathogenic to chicks when experimentally inoculated, so particular attention must be directed toward E. coli O125 as a pathogen infecting bird. Also probiotics was of great value in protection against the E. coli infection and improve the performance parameters of chicks . Its effect on feed consumption , weekly body weight gain and feed conversion rate (FCR) was determined.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food-borne disease worldwide and food poisoning. This study reports the effect of nisin (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) against Staphylococcus aureus in manufactured kareish cheese. Nisin was effective in reducing S. aureus count in cheese; a reduction of S. aureus count was observed from the 2nd day of storage period. S. aureus in kareish cheese decreased gradually from 4x108 to (8×107, 6.5×107, 5.8×107 CFU/gm.) in the 1st week till reached at the end of storage period of the 4th week to (4 ×104, 1.1×103, 1×102 CFU/gm.) for cheese containing (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) of nisin, respectively during manufacture and storage for a month in the refrigerator at 4 ˚C. The data obtained in this study suggested that the use of nisin-containing cheese can be an effective method of controlling the growth and multiplication of S. aureus in cheese.

E coli infection in poultry is one of the principle causes of mortality and morbidity in chickens and turkeys resulting in retardation of growth and decreased feed conversion rate . The most common form of collibacillosis is characterized as an initial respiratory infection (air sacculitis) followed by generalized septicemia, perihepatitis and pericarditis. The present study aimed to identify the bacteria associated with pericarditis , airsacculitis and perihapatitis in Egyptian broiler chickens. A total 300 samples of diseased and dead broilers from 3-6 weeks age were collected. The isolated bacteria included E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. And Enterobacter spp. Sero-grouping of the isolated E. coli strains revealed O125, O158, O55,O129, O20 , O6 , O8 , O27, O115, O142 and un-typed strains with prevalence of 16%, 12%, 8%, 8%, 8% , 8% , 8% , 8% ,4%,4% and 16% respectively. The majority of E coli isolates were sensitive to colistin sulphate (38%) and Norofloxacin (38%) followed by ciprofloxacin (19%), cefotaxim (19%) and Ofloxacin (19%). On the other hand, E coli were resistant (100%)to amoxicillin, clindamycin , Erythromycin and streptomycin. PCR analysis for antibiotic resistance genes of E coli detected that 12 serogroups isolates were positive using the specific primers for Aada2 , BlaCTX and TetA(A) genes. The current study demonstrated the high prevalence of E. coli indeed broilers suffered from pericarditis , perihepatitis and airsacculitis . Measures are needed to control E. coli contamination in poultry farms to reduce economic losses caused by infection of E.coli.

Bacterial disease still has serious problem in the intensive poultry production. In the recent years, particular concern has been raised by high incidence of poultry infections by E. coli. Analyses of antibacterial properties of essential oils have been carried out by range of researches. This experiment aimed to study the effect of immunomodulators on the immunogenicity of vaccine E. coli O78. In this study 250 broiler chickens were used. They were divided into 5 separated groups all groups vaccinated with E. coli O78 cebel coarse spray vaccine, except control group, 2 groups treated with immunomodulators, 3 groups challenged with untyped E. coli strain, all chickens housed in separated anavar. First group was control, 2nd group was vaccinated only, 3rd group was vaccinated and challenged, 4th group was vaccinated and received immunomodulators and 5th group was vaccinated, received immunomodulators and challenged. All chickens were observed daily food consumption, weight gained mortality rate, lesion, bioavailability, and weekly collected blood samples from 2-5 birds. The results were summarized as follows; immunomodulators have positive effect on B.W.G, decreased mortality and morbidity rate. The challenge enhanced the effect of E. coli O78 vaccine and there was marked improvement in bioavailability, B.W.G and immune defense against bacterial and respiratory diseases. Also, immunomodulators increased immunogenicity against bacterial disease through enhancing immune response system, and had synergistic effect with vaccination against E. coli.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of virgin olive oil on some blood parameters in male Albino rats supplemented with normal diet. thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, (90-110 g), were used in the present study, and were divided into three groups (10 in each), 1st group (control), received basal diet and supplemented with 1ml saline. 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, and supplemented daily with 1ml/100 gm B.W and 2ml/100 gm B.W of virgin olive oil (VOO), respectively for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly from all rats. Serum samples was obtained for assay of lipid profile levels and hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA) enzyme. Blood lysate was used for antioxidant enzymes activities SOD, GPx and CAT.

Vaccination of domestic ruminants is considered to be an effective strategy for protecting these animals against Rift Valley fever (RVF), but available vaccines have limitations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the safety and immunogenicity of RVF virus (RVFV) mutagenesis passage 12 (MP-12) and arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine candidates in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in Tanzania. Goats were vaccinated intramuscularly with RVFV MP-12 or arMP-12ΔNSm21/384, and then on Day 87 post-vaccination (PV) all animals were revaccinated using the RVFV MP-12 vaccine candidate. Serum samples were collected from the animals before and after vaccination at various intervals to test for RVFV using a Vero cell culture assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for RVFV-neutralising antibody using a plaque reduction neutralisation assay. Serum samples collected before vaccination on Days -14 and 0, and on Days 3, 4 and 5 PV were negative for RVFV and neutralising antibody. All animals remained healthy, and viremia was not detected in any of the animals. Rift Valley fever virus antibody was first detected on Day 5 PV at a 1:10 dilution in five of five animals vaccinated with the MP-12 vaccine and in five of eight animals vaccinated with arMP-12ΔNSm21/384. Titres then increased and were sustained at 1:40 to 1:640 through to Day 87 PV. All animals that were revaccinated on Day 87 PV with MP-12 developed antibody titres ranging from 1:160 to as high as 1:10 240 on Days 14 and 21 PV. Although the antibody titres for goats vaccinated with RVF MP-12 were slightly higher than titres elicited by the arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine, these findings demonstrated that both vaccines are promising candidates for the prevention of RVF among Tansanian goats.

Shrubs represent the most affordable and accessible form of feed that livestock can rely on to acquire both essential and non-essential elements of life. In addition to their inherent toxins, they contain endogenous substances commonly referred to as 'antinutritive factors' (ANFs) that often interfere with the utilisation of nutrients. Their abundance may lead to severe clinical trauma. Hence, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different extraction techniques on Nerium oleander L. and animal feeds as well as to quantify oxalates. Organic (hexane, acetone and methanol) sequential and aqueous (infusion and decoction) extractions were explored. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the presence of various phytochemicals and oxalate contents as putative ANFs, respectively. The results showed higher extraction yields of 22.6% and 43.1% in the decoction and infusion of N. oleander, respectively. The quantification methods were validated for linearity, accuracy and precision. Oxalate contents of 6.76 ± 0.245 (0.65%) mg/g and 5.74 ± 0.236 mg/g dry weight (0.55%) were obtained in N. oleander and feeds, respectively. This difference was statistically significant with p < 0.05. Percentage recoveries of 98.5 (percent relative standard deviation &#91;% RSD&#93; = 2.3), 85.7 (% RSD = 1.03) and 80.3 (% RSD = 1.22) at 76%, 95% and 112% fortifications were obtained, respectively. Relative standard deviation for precision was 0.99% and 1.13% at 0.33 mg and 0.39 mg fortifications, respectively, while reproducibility showed 2.21% RSD. Therefore, these methods can be used to provide a valuable basis for qualitative determination of ANFs, particularly in shrub foliage.

The current study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of Ocimum basilicum seeds oil and Linum usitatissimum seeds oil on some physiological parameter and histopathological changes when induced acute myocardial infarction in rabbits by isoproterenol.Thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six groups: group (C): control negative,group (ISO): received isoproterenol (control positive), (BP) group: basil seed oil protective group, (FP) group: flaxseed oilprotective group, (BT) group: basil seed oil treated group and (FT)group: flax seed oil treated group. The results showed thata significant decrease in the biomarker enzymes(CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP) concentration and serum MDA in the BP, FP, BT, and FT groups compare with ISO group. In addition to that, the basil oil and flaxseed oil protect and improvement histopathological findings in the myocardium tissue of isoproterenol effect.