Although glucocorticoid administration has produced impressive results in treating canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), in some cases, glucocorticoids fail to reduce the tumor volume, leading to tumor relapse even after treatment. To date, mechanisms involved in glucocorticoid resistance in canine MCTs remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to establish glucocorticoid-resistant canine MCT cell lines derived from glucocorticoid-sensitive cell lines after prolonged treatment with dexamethasone (Dex). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that elevation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-regulated gene expression was suppressed in Dex-resistant cell lines after Dex stimulation compared with parent Dex-sensitive cell lines. This indicated that GR-regulated transcription was suppressed in Dex-resistant cell lines. Insufficient expression of GRs was not detected in Dex-resistant cell lines. Possible inhibitors of GR-regulated transcription were increased in mRNA expression in Dex-resistant cell lines. In addition, it was determined that mRNA expression of drug efflux pumps and anti-apoptosis factors was higher in Dex-resistant cell lines. In conclusion, glucocorticoid-resistant canine MCT cell lines have been established that are derived from glucocorticoid-sensitive cell lines. These cell lines suggest that multiple mechanisms contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in canine MCT cells. The mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance after long-term treatment can be further investigated using these cell lines and a novel therapeutic strategy for glucocorticoid-resistant canine MCT cells can be developed.

This study was carried out to investigate the resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of Escherichia coli from swine in Guizhou, China. A total of 47 E. coli strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 were tested using the Kirby–Bauer (K–B) method to verify their resistance to 19 common clinical antimicrobials. Five classes consisting of 29 resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The status regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and the relationship between ESBL CTX-M-type β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were analysed. A total of 46 strains (97.9%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Amongst them, 27 strains (57.4%) were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials, and the maximum number of resistant antimicrobial agents was 16. Twenty antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including six β-lactamase genes blaTEM (74.5%), blaCTX-M-9G (29.8%), blaDHA (17.0%), blaCTX-M-1G (10.6%), blaSHV (8.5%), blaOXA (2.1%), five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes aac(3′)-IV (93.6%), aadA1 (78.7%), aadA2 (76.6%), aac(3′)-II c (55.3%), aac(6′)-Ib (2.1%) and five amphenicol resistance genes floR (70.2%), cmlA (53.2%), cat2 (10.6%), cat1 (6.4%), cmlB (2.1%), three PMQR genes qnrS (55.3%), oqxA (53.2%), qepA (27.7%) and polypeptide resistance gene mcr-1 (40.4%). The detection rate of ESBL-positive strains was 80.9% (38/47) and ESBL TEM-type was the most abundant ESBLs. The percentage of the PMQR gene in blaCTX-M-positive strains was high, and the detection rate of blaCTX-M-9G was the highest in CTX-M type. It is clear that multiple drug resistant E. coli is common in healthy swine in this study. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase is very abundant in the E. coli strains isolated from swine and most of them are multiple compound genotypes.

Staphylococcus species colonises humans and animals and is a major food contaminant with public health significance. Here, we assessed the occurrence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) in the pig-production chain in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nares of 120 pigs and 10 farmers were sampled with sterile swabs whilst 54 pork samples were collected from a retail slaughterhouse. Staphylococcus species were isolated using enrichment, cefoxitin–aztreonam selective broth and Mannitol salt agar. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to cefoxitin (30 μg), oxacillin (1 μg) and vancomycin (30 μg). Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were characterised using conventional biochemical tests. From 184 samples, 364 staphylococcal isolates were obtained. Amongst the 54 pork samples, 44.0% were contaminated with Staphylococcus species. Overall, 9 (2.5%) MRS were obtained and presumptively identified as Staphylococcus xylosus (n = 3), Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 3), Staphylococcus warneri (n = 2) and Staphylococcus cohnii (n = 1). There was no relationship between the prevalence of MRS between pigs and pig handlers in the farms, but Farm 2 had the highest frequency of 66.7% (p 0.05). Piglets had the highest prevalence of 66.7% (p 0.05) whilst MRS was absent in workers and pork samples. This study raises concerns about the cross-contamination of staphylococci in the food chain. Constant surveillance is imperative to ensure food safety.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic, infectious, chronic and contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis that mainly affects cattle. This pathology has a negative impact on animals and animal products trade. Unfortunately, in Burkina Faso where agriculture and livestock sectors represent around 80% of the socio-economic activities, the real situation of the disease is not well known especially in small ruminants and swine. Thus, our study focused on both the epidemiology and the microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in small ruminants and pigs slaughtered at Bobo-Dioulasso abattoir. A prospective study was conducted between August 2017 and December 2017. Epidemiological data collection was performed during routine meat inspection; moreover, samples were taken and transported to the Bacteriology laboratory of Centre Muraz for microbiological analyses. This diagnosis consisted in search of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) using the hot Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Out of a total of 14 648 small ruminants and 2430 pigs slaughtered during the study period, 156 and 17 had lesions suggestive of bTB with prevalence of 1.07% and 0.7%, respectively. Females and those between 2 and 4 years old were mainly infected. The most affected organs were: lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Finally, microscopy revealed 43.35% (75/173) of positive cases for AFB. These results confirm the presence of bTB in small ruminants and pigs in Burkina Faso. Efforts must still be made in the fight against this zoonosis in order to limit its economic and public health impacts.

No abstract available.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of co-administration of zincsulfate with Carbimazole (CBZ) and, Levothyroxine (L-T4) on thyroid gland function inadult male rabbits. Fifty adult male rabbits, were divided randomly into five equal groups (6rabbits/group) as follows: The first group (control group): Rabbits were given oral doses ofdistilled water daily by gavage; second group (Hypothyroidism): Rabbits were given oraldoses of carbimazole (5 mg/kg. bw) daily by gavage; the third group; Rabbits were givenoral doses of carbimazole (5 mg/kg. bw) + zinc sulfate (20 mg/kg.bw); fourth group(Hyperthyroidism): Rabbits were given oral doses of L-T4 (100µg/kg.bw) daily by gavage;Fifth group: Rabbits were given oral doses of L-T4(100µg/kg.bw) + Zinc sulfate(20mg/kg.bw) daily by gavage. The treatment continued for 30 days. The results revealedthe following: A significant elevation in serum TSH level and a significant reduction inserum T4, T3 and, FT3 levels in CBZ treated rabbits group compared with the control group,while a significant reduction in serum TSH level and a significant elevation in serum levelsof T4, FT4 and FT3 in animals group treated with the L-T4 compared with the control groupHistopathological changes of hypothyroidism were observed in CBZ treated groupcharacterized by small thyroid follicles, increase the height of thyrocytes hyperplasia, andvacuolation of colloid. L-T4 and L-T4-Zinc treated groups showed large follicles distendedwith homogenous acidophilic colloid. No significant changes in thyroid architecture wereobserved in CBZ-Zinc treated group compared with the control group.

The focus of the present study was to characterize chimeric synthetic plantaricin F which naturally produced by Lactobacillus plantarum against zoonotic pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as antibacterial peptide. The syntheticbacteriocin by bioinformatics revealed higher stability under studied parameter, hence was taken up for further investigation. The amino acids of bacteriocin from L. plantarum were analyzed by SnapGene. Further, synthetic PLNF was characterized in silico. The translated partial amino acid sequence of the synthetic PLNF gene displayed 253 amino acids for whole and 148 without tag. The predicted properties of the peptide included theoretical isoelectric point (pI) and hydrophobicity was highly acidic. Molecular weight was 27.2KDa for whole protein and 15.8 KDa for without tag. Predication the molecular approach of using SnapGene software and the protein was having antingcity against bacteria and has B-cell epitope on the surface of protein. Prediction data base on characterization of bacteriocin is novel and predicts synthetic PLNF to be a peptide responsible for antimicrobial activity. The study provides information about a broad spectrum bacteriocin in native probiotic culture and paves a way towards its application as alternative natural antimicrobial agent against zoonotic pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the 3D peptide structure analysis in present study showed that the predicted structure of model and has more functional properties and probably the form most suitable for binding to bacterial cell walls.