Integrated Farming System (IFS) is an efficient way of recycling farm waste or farm by-products. In present study the fishes (Catla, Common carp, Grass carp, Rohu and Silver carp) were cultivated through ostrich feed wastages and cattle manure in six month period. The average fish survival of 86% was observed and it was varied from 84% to 88%. The total weight of fishes harvested was 50.95 kg, 43.71 kg, 42.58 kg, 54.95 kg and 53.76 kg for individual varieties such as Catla, Common crap, Grass crap, Rohu and Silver carp respectively. The average weight of fish at harvesting was 386.0 g, 502.5 g, 507.0 g, 426.0 g and 632.5 g with 64.33 g, 83.75 g, 84.50 g, 71.00 g, 105.42 g average weight gain of fish per month in Catla, Common carp, Grass carp, Rohu and Silver carp respectively. The benefit cost ratio was observed as 2.35 with the net profit of Rs.21,247.50 for 6 months culture period in 0.06 Ha pond area. It was concluded that ostrich and cattle cum fish integration was a suitable and economically viable integrated system in Tamil Nadu.

A full term pluriparous Kanni doe was presented with the history of difficulty in parturition, bloody vaginal discharge and straining. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to foetal anasarca. The present communication places on record the successful per vaginal delivery of a foetal anasarcous co-twin.

The objective of the present study is to explore the bacteria associated with the dead-in-shell eggs of psittacines. A total of 132 dead-in-shell eggs of different psittacine breeds (Macaws, Lories, Conures, Amazons, Eclectus, Cockatoos, Grey parrots and Jardine parrots)were obtained from the incubation unit of Cavin estate exotic bird farm, Chennai, Tamil Nadu and subjected to microbological analysis. The overall prevalence of bacteria isolated from the dead-in-shell was 80.30% (106/132). Among these, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (49.24%, 65/132) was observed followed by Gram-positive organisms (28.78%, 38/132) and Gram-positive filamentous organisms (2.27%, 3/132) were also isolated from dead in shell embryos. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. (21.12%) was found to be more followed by Bacillus sp. (3.78%), Corynebacterium sp. (2.2%) and Enterococcus sp. (1.51%).Similarly, among the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia sp. (25%) was identified more followed by Pseudomonas sp. (6.60%), Serratia sp. (6.60%), Acinetobacter sp. (4.5%), Enterobacter sp. (3.78%), Yersinia sp. (3.77%), Citrobacter sp. (2.27%), Buttiauxella sp. (1.52%), Klebsiella sp. (1.51%), Cedeacae sp. (1.51%) and Erwinia sp. (0.75%). Among the psittacine species, more numbers of the dead in shell cases were found to be in conures (37%) and lories (14.5%). Commonly found bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivitytest. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to enrofloxacin and cefotaxime whereas, most of the bacteria showed resistance to trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole and kanamycin. Resistance to other antibiotics were variable. Multiple resistance was not observed for any of the isolate. 

A study was carried out among sheep farmers in Dhubri district of Assam on socio-economic status and management practices adopted by them. Altogether 120 numbers of farmers were selected randomly from two blocks of this district. The data were collected through personal interview method with the help of a well-structured, comprehensive and pre-tested interview schedule. Most of the sheep farmers were illiterate and belonged to middle age group. Majority (65.00%) of the respondents had agriculture as their main occupation. Majority (73.33%) of the respondents had low annual income followed by medium annual income (22.50%) and high  annual income level (4.16%). The study revealed that sheep were sheltered during night only. There was no separate housing for the sheep alone. Sheep were let loose in the morning and returned back to the night shelter before evening when there was no crop in the field. During flood, the animals were shifted to an elevated area and were mostly fed with tree leaves such as jackfruit, mango, neem, guava, banana, and babool. During rainy season, when most of the fields were waterlogged, they even graze in knee deep condition in marshy land. Due to grazing in marshy land during rainy season, they were highly prone to parasitic infection particularly liver fluke infection. During flood, most of the sheep died due to severe starvation. Majority of the farmers reported two breeding seasons in sheep viz. June-August and January-March. None of the farmers vaccinated their sheep in the study area. Hence, there is an urgent need to adopt improved management practices to exploit the production potential of this local sheep. By adopting improved management practices, better growth could be achieved, which will ultimately increase the income of the rural poor.   

Barnacle of the genus Octolasmis are commonly called goose-neck barnacle and are frequently found in infesting corals, echinoderms, molluscs, horseshoe crabs, lobsters, isopods, sea- snakes, stomatopods. They are found in shallow waters attachedto the exoskeleton of the decapod crustacea, including crabs and few are found in depthgreater than 1000 meters. During a visit to Pazhaverkadu fishlanding center located near Pulicat Lake, Tiruvallur district, a single individual of Portunuspelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) infested with Octolasmis sp. (Gray, 1825) was encountered. A further work on the effect of Octolasmis sp., and the correlationof its infestation with the thinning of muscle mass and histopathological changes mustbe studied.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of structural or functional abnormalities in one or both kidneys that have been present for an extended period usually from three months or more. Nephron damage associated with CKD is usually irreversible and progressive and characterized by a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from a minor structural lesion in a single kidney to extensive loss of nephrons affecting both kidneys (Polzin, 2011).CKD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in older dogs and cats, which were recorded with an overall incidence of 1- 3 per cent in cats and 0.5 – 1.5 per cent in dogs (Brown, 2007).  Azotemia is defined as an abnormal concentration of urea, creatinine, and other nonprotein nitrogenous substances in blood, plasma, or serum. Azotemia is a laboratory finding with several fundamentally different causes. Since non-protein nitrogenous compounds (including urea and creatinine) are endogenous substances, abnormally elevated concentrations in serum may be caused by an  increased rate of production (by the liver for urea; by muscles for creatinine), or by a decreased rate of loss (primarily by the kidneys).  When the structural and functional integrity of both kidneys has been compromised to such a degree that polysystemic signs of kidney failure are clinically manifested, the relatively predictable symptom complex called uremia appears, regardless of underlying cause. In some instances, uremic crises may suddenly be precipitated by prerenal disorders or, less commonly, postrenal disorders in patients with previously compensated primary kidney failure. Uremia is characterized by multiple physiologic and metabolic alterations that result from impaired kidney function.    

Fermentation of soybean meal eliminates the anti-nutritional factors of soybean meal making fermented soybean meal a potential lower-cost substitute for animal protein in piglet diets.Fermentation process using bacteria, fungal and yeast strains in soybean meal (SBM) is the novel technique which is used to remove the anti-nutritional factors of SBM. In general, two types of fermentation process namely Solid State Fermentation (SSF) and Liquid or Sub merged State Fermentation (SmF). Numerous studies were carried out to document the beneficial effects of feeding fermented soybean meal. Weaning is a stressful condition to the piglets which accompanied by diarrhoea, some time may lead to death. Antibiotic growth promoters can be added to the piglet diets but it is banned in most of the countries. Fermented soybean meal supplementation can enhance pig growth performance of which the enhancement in feed efficiency is due to the improvement in nutritional value and availability rather than feed intake.The gut microbiota plays a crucialrole in livestock health and disease. Hence, it is necessary to find a mechanism to remove anti nutritional factors along with improved intestinal microbiota thereby producing improved production performance and reduced diarrhoea in piglets. The main objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of feeding fermented soybean meal in piglets. 

The present study was undertaken to identify various constraints faced by urban consumers and to assess the interrelationships between constraint score in consumption of dairy products and the socio-demographic factors. For this research work, Chennai metro city was purposively selected due to its massive urbanization. A total of 195 household dairy products consumers were selected by a simple random sampling procedure from North, Central and South regions of Chennai city (65 from each) and primary data was collected with the help of well-structured and pre tested interview schedule. The results indicated that the major constraints faced byconsumers in consumption of dairy products was in the order of poor accessibility, insufficient supply, poor shopping environment, outlet not open on all the days, non-availability in preferred quantity and poor packaging. The results indicated that the variable, monthly family income was found to be positively influencing the constraint score whereas, family size, hindu religion, educational status of the head of the household and presence of children in the family were found to be negatively influencing constraint score in consumption of fluid milk whereas in case of ghee, khoa and ice cream, the variable, food habit of the family was found to be positivelyinfluencing the constraint score whereas, family size, monthly family income, educational status of the head of the household and presence of children in the family was found to be negatively influencing constraint score in consumption of ghee, khoa and ice cream.

A seven year old intact non-descript male dog was brought to the Madras Veterinary College Small Animal Unit with a history of reduced appetite, vomiting and voiding of dark yellowish urine for the past three days. On physical examination, he had pyrexia, icteric mucous membrane and enlarged lymph nodes. Haematobiochemistry analysis revealed anaemia with neutrophilia, elevated creatinine, direct and total bilirubin. He was diagnosed as Leptospira interrogans by using ELISA and the serovar was confirmed as Leptospira interrogans var. canicola using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). He had uneventful recovery after being treated with Doxycycline orally for 21 days along with supportive therapy.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of accelerated feeding method in the growth and carcass studies of native goat kids. Thirty male country goat (non – descriptive) kids at the age of 30 - 45 days were selected for this study. The kids were divided into two groups, control and treatment groups, each consist of 15 kids. The control group kids were fed with concentrate feed consisting of 15% crude Protein (CP), 75% Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), CO4 grass as a sole green fodder and sorghum stover, bengal gram and groundnut tops as a dry fodder. The treatment group kids were fed with concentrate feed containing 21% crude Protein (CP), 75% Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), CO4 grass and COFS 29 grass as a green fodder and sorghum stover, bengal gram and groundnut tops as a dry fodder. In addition the treatment group kids were fed with supplements such as TANUVAS mineral mixture, probiotics, baking soda and Groviplex®, Ostovet®, Brotone®. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months. The body weight of kids was recorded at fortnight intervals. Parameters such as average feed intake per goat, average total body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and cost of production per kg live weight gain were studied.  The kids were slaughtered at the end of study period and carcass parameters like pre slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressed weight and weights of blood, head, feet, stomach with contents, lungs, heart, kidney, spleen, liver and skin were studied. After analysis of data, significant (P< 0.01) difference was noticed between control group and treatment group in terms of final body weight (C -13.28±0.10 kg, T - 17.00±0.06 kg), average total body weight gain (C -6.74 ±0.09 kg, T - 9.98±0.10 kg), average daily body weight gain (P< 0.05) (C - 0.04±0.08 kg, T - 0.06±0.09 kg) and cost of production per kg live weight gain (C– Rs.98.15±0.15, T – Rs.72.48±0.12) . There was also highly significant difference (P < 0.01) was noticed in carcass quality in terms of pre slaughter weight (C -13.28±0.10 kg, T - 17.00±0.06 kg), carcass weight (C - 6.25±0.10kg, T - 8.00±0.02 kg), dressed weight (C -5.70±0.15 kg, T - 7.55±0.14 kg), dressing percentage (C - 42.22±0.13%, T - 47.06±0.12%), head (C - 1.13±0.22 kg, T - 1.25±0.02 kg) and stomach (C - 5.10±0.26 kg, T - 6.35±0.2kg). Thus it is concluded that, accelerated feeding significantly improves the body weight gain and carcass yield in native goat kids with low production cost per kg live weight gain.