The role of gallic acid was studied to alleviating some biochemical parameters alterations in hyper cholesterolemia in rats. For this purpose 24 sexually adult male rats were divided randomly in to 4 groups (6 rats each). The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the Veterinary Medicine College–University of Basrah, the control group, rats were injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) with 0.9 % normal saline (N.S)and were supply with the stander ration. The first treated group were injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) with 100 mg/ kg gallic acid dissolve in 0.5 ml distilled water daily and were supply with the stander ration. The second treated group were supplied with the stander ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol of the stander ration . The third treated group were supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol, and injected intraperitoneally ( I.P.) after one hour with 100 mg/kg gallic acid dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water The obtained results indicated that the administration gallic acid as protective agent on high cholesterol diet tend to alleviated and improved lipid profile by a significant reduction in the serum total cholesterol (TC),LDL-C and VLDL compared with animals fed cholesterol 1,5% diet, hepatic enzymes activates of AST &ALT in the protective group almost were at the range of normal values and the protective urea blood value reach almost as the normal level as control group.

The present study was conducted to determine the histological and Molecular changes in the spleen of adult male Japanese quail after being exposed to effect of thermal stress was recorded. This study included two groups, each group consisting twelve male birds, the control group (A) was exposed to normal temperature for 45days, while the group (B) exposed to temperature (42OC) for 45 days. The histological and molecular changes were studied during (15, 30 and 45) days of the experiment, histological changes in spleen were represented by necrosis, degeneration hemorrhage and shrinkage fibrosis of lymphocytic nodules, cytoplasmic vaculation, infiltration of lymphocytes, metamorphosis of lymphocyte, nuclei pyknotic, dilation in the central vein of lymphatic nodules, edema, dilation of sinusoids and congested blood vessels. Molecular examination showed that the heat shock protein (hsp70) gen is present in temperature group that is also found in the control group. This confirms that the hsp70 gen is present in birds at normal and abnormal conditions.

This study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine /Basrah University to evaluate the effect of lignan extract of flax seed on haematological, biochemical parameters and histological examination in female rats, compared with conjugated estrogen drug. For this purpose, eighteen female rats weighed (180-200g) and aged (4-5 months) was divided into 3 equal groups (6 rats / group) for 14 days. First group: Drenched 1ml of normal saline (0.9% of NaCl)for 14 days. Second group: Drenched 0.10mg/kg B.W of conjugated estrogen dissolved in normal saline (0.9% of NaCl) for 14 days. Third group: Drenched 20mg/kg B.W of lignan extract of flaxseeds dissolved in normal saline (0.9% of NaCl)for 14 days. Blood samples were collected from heart by cardiac puncture from all experimental animals. These samples are used for the measurement of haematological and biochemical parameter as well as hormonal assy. Thyroid glands, liver, kidneys, ovaries and uterus were removed for histopathological study. The results revealed that, the female rats treated with lignan extract of flax seeds showed an increase in body weight. The result also showed that treated female rats with phytoestrogen had no significant effect on blood parameters except a significant effect on lymphocytes. (P≤ 0.05) in serum lipid profile except HDL compared to control. Moreover the results of biochemical parameters were indicated the affected in female rats treated with lignan extract that the revealed a significant(P≤ 0.05) decrease in serum lipid profile except HDL-Ch of female rats treated with lignan extract compared with the control group. Also the treatment with lignan extract caused significant (P≤ 0.05) increase in LH hormone, estradiol and progesterone compared with .While it has no significant effect on FSH. The treatment showed some ameliorative effect on histological structure of studied organs.

in some parts of the intestinal tract, which play an important and primary role in the secretion of certain hormones that regulate important organs of the body. The aim of this study is to examine the site endocrine cells in the mucous layer of the five male Turkey. The areas where endocrine cells in the mucous layer of the five male in the Turkish examined by using immunohistochemistry technique material. Samples were taken from five birds from the Turkish males ages ranging from 1-2 years. It was used immunohistochemistry textile technology and (ChromograinnA), which is a special detector Endocrine intestinal cells, four types of hormones. Immune chemical examination in the mucous layer duodenum and the presence of hormones, glucose insulin tropic polypeptide(GIP) results showed (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) glucagon-like peptide2 (GLP-2) in epithelial cells group along the internal axis of the villi, chemical immunological results for many of the sections shown note chromogranin A detector particularly for intestinal endocrine cells, the cells that cholecystokinin(CCK) , glucose insulin tropic polypeptide contain hormones (GIP) and glucagon peptide GLP-1 2)) containing this reagent indicating confirm the location of these cells, a gastric endocrine cells . The presence of these hormones in the mucous layer of the Duodenal decreases as we move away from the duodenal

In order to estimate the ameliorating effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on the nephropathy of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with oxidative stress, this study performed in 18 adults male rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups, the group-I was regard as control while group-II Induced DM only by intravenously single dose (150 mg/kg b.w.) of alloxan-monohydrate; group-III was induced DM by intravenously single dose of (150mg/kg b.w.) of alloxan-monohydrate and then treated by (10mg/kg b.w.) daily of ALA intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The biochemical results showed significant (P≤0.05) decreased of the serum values of GSH, CAT and SOD as well, significantly (P≤0.05) increased of MDA, peroxynitrate, creatinine and BUN of group-II when compared to control; also the result of group-III showed nonsignificant (P˃0.05) differences of GSH, SOD, MDA, creatinine, BUN and peroxynitrate when compared to control. The histopathological and histochemical results of kidney of group-II showed moderate thickness of basement membrane of glomeruli with compressed capillaries as well infiltration of glyco-proteinaceous materials in glomeruli and around renal tubules with some vacuolation of these tubules and mesangial cells; while the results of group-III showed normal architectures with very mild degree of vacuolation of few renal tubules in addition to disappearance of glyco- proteinaceous materials in this group; in conclusion, ALA had a dual protective effects on nephropathy by scavenging the oxidative stress free radicals and enhanced insulin metabolism.

Hemomycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma ovis was diagnosed in sheep of Basrah Governorate .The study were conducted on (225) sheep reared in different areas of Basrah governorate . Animals are of different ages and of both sexes. Twenty five clinically healthy sheep were considered as controls .Complete clinical examinations were applied to all animals, and fecal samples screened for parasitic loud. Results revealed that infected sheep show signs of anorexia , anemia with pale or icteric mucous membranes of eyes and vagina , rapid and difficult respiration , enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, rough wool coat and hemoglobinuria, Moreover milk production were decreased in lactating ewes . On clinical examinations statistically significant increase were indicated in body temperature ,respiratory and heart rate of diseased sheep then in controls. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma ovis were leant on examination of stained blood smears with Giemsa ,Since the organism appear as small coccoid or rod shape structures and it could be found as an singular or in chains on the cell membranes of infected erythrocytes of diseased animals , Furthermore the diagnosis were confirmed by indirect Elisa test . Results of hematological examinations show significant decrease in the values of total erythrocytes count ,hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume indicating macrocytic normochromic type of anemia, However , the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells indicated significant increase in diseased sheep, Moreover , Leucocytosis due to significant increase in lymphocytes number were also registered in infected sheep then in controls , In addition evaluation of acute phase response show significant decrease in haptoglobin values and fibrinogen time in diseased sheep compared with controls . Significant decrease in total protein were detected, However285 values of total and indirect bilirubin, GGT, AST, ALP, and BUN were significantly increased in diseased sheep compared with controls. It had been concluded that Hemomycoplasmosis ovis were infected sheep of Basrah governorate lead to hemolytic anemia and substantial effect might terminated with highly mortalities , Therefore all suspected sheep in the chancy area must screened for microorganism loud

The study was included 90 local cows from Al-Rashidea area which locates in the east of Baghdad city, distributed into three groups, the smallest aged group (30) cows (1.5-2 ) years, middle aged group (30) cows (5.5-7) years and the older aged group (30) cows (11-13) years to study the effect progressing of age on some biochemical Criterias as indicators of oxidative stress. The results revealed that the antioxidant enzymes, Glutathione -S-transferase GST was increased significantly (p

The present study was conducted to determine detect the infection rate of Giardiasis in local canine breeds of Basrah, Iraq. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) fecal samples were collected from dogs of both sexes from March to October 2016. Suspected animals either asymptomatic (56.7%) or symptomatic (43.3%) the suspected dogs show different clinical signs such as diarrhea (6.66%), pasty feces (13.33%), steatorrhea (8.00%), anorexia (10.66%), emaciation (15.55%) and vomiting (0.88%). Diagnosis of Giardia spp was done on basis of microscopic examination which detects Giardia cyst and trophozoite with infection rate (40 %), moreover, it was confirmed by ELISA technique(Giardia-specific antigen) to detect (75.55%) was infected with G. lamblia with a high infection rate comparison with microscopic examination. It had been shown that high infection rate (43.75%) was detected in March than the lowest in July (34.78%). Moreover infection with Giardia was found more common at (1 day to 6 months) of age; furthermore, females show infection rate more males. It has been concluded that giardiasis affected canine of Basrah city lead to substantial effect, therefore animals must be screened periodically.

This study was conducted during June 2016 to May 2017, to determine the morphological characteristics of stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans L. ,and studying some ecological aspects. These studies of stable flies are being conducted for the first time in Iraq.The morphological diagnosis of Stomoxys calcitrans: Frontal vitta with black pollinose, yellow around ocellar triangle, parafrontalia golden, parafacialia grayish black. Thorax gray to yellowish pollinose, Pleura yellow; sternites dark brown to black, Legs black, Wing tinged smoky-brown. Abdomen gray to yellowish; dorsum with four brownish pollinose spots, at least 3 abdominal segments with a single median spot basally and pair of spots at apex of each segment. Female identical to male in color and structure except for wider frontal vitta, frontal triangle with golden pollinosity extending almost to frontal ridge, setae on head somewhat stouter than in male, Interocular space wide in females, narrower in males by about half the distance of separation in females. A total of 470 flies were collected in this study. The results showed, some variations of monthly abundance were determined during the study period, four different climatic seasons. In general, stable flies were found to be more abundant in the moderate climates period of the year. April was the highest abundance with 18.7%, while, no presence recorded in January and December. Some observations showed that stable flies were found in the field in different periods of the day, beginning from 06:00 to 18:00 hr.,but these are periods that are considered the peak of its presence of other seasons during the year. Both sexes of S. calcitrans showed the same peak of activity in the day108 nearly. The field observations showed that Stomoxys calcitrans adults attack many economic and domesticated animals in Basrah province.Cattle are the most, followed by buffaloes, dogs, horses, cats, camels, donkeys than sheep, goats and rabbits

The present study aims to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (follitropin alpha) on reproductive organs as well as the liver and kidneys of female rats. The experiment was done on 24 white female rats (Rattus norvegicus) sexually mature weighing 150-200 gram, divided into 4 equal groups of 6 animals: control group which was given distilled water. Single dose group, double dose group and triple dose groups which were injected by 0.5 iu.,1 iu. and 1.5 iu of recombinant FSH respectively. The drug was given subcutaneously during the pro-estrous phase for ten consecutive cycles, then animals from each group were sacrificed to study the histopathological changes. The histopathological examination of the ovaries, uterus, liver, and kidneys revealed variable changes in different organs.The ovarian sections showed many Graafian follicles without ova and many corpus luteal cysts, fibrosis, and thickened granulosa cell layer, and the ovary was surrounded by excessive adipose tissue. The uterus in single and double doses showed dilated cavity, thin endometrium, thin muscular layer and diminished endometrial glands while in triple dose showed atrophy of endometrial lining and glands, hypertrophied muscular layer with slit like endometrial cavity and formation of multiple endometrial cyst. The liver sections showed few changes like dilated central vein, congestion of sinusoids, vacuolation of hepatocytes, with moderate degree of fatty degeneration A few hepatocytes appeared necrotic but without inflammatory response. The kidneys in single and double doses showed unremarkable changes, while in triple dose glomerular congestion, congested vessels, hemorrhage, and degeneration and necrosis of proximal tubules were found.