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Molecular analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 strains isolated from calves Полный текст
2018
Kohansal, Maryam(Fasa University of Medical Science Department of Medical Biotechnology ,Payame Noor University Department of Biology) | Asad, Ali Ghanbari(Fasa University of Medical Science Department of Medical Biotechnology)
Molecular analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 strains isolated from calves Полный текст
2018
Kohansal, Maryam(Fasa University of Medical Science Department of Medical Biotechnology ,Payame Noor University Department of Biology) | Asad, Ali Ghanbari(Fasa University of Medical Science Department of Medical Biotechnology)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and non-O157 are food-borne pathogens and contaminants of foods of animal origin. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of virulence and integrase genes in STEC isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and forty diarrheic neonatal calves were randomly selected for sampling. Rectal swabs were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of E. coli following standard methods. The isolates were analysed for the presence of class 1 integrons and bacterial virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of 540 diarrhoeic faecal samples, 312 (57.7%) harboured E. coli and 71 (22.7%) of them were identified as STEC: 41(69.5%) carried the stx2 gene, 21 (35.6%) carried the stx1 gene and 3 (5%) carried both. Twenty-six (44%) of the isolates showed the eae gene. Among the STEC isolates examined for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents, erythromycin and penicillin (96.8%) resistance were most commonly observed, followed by resistances to ampicillin (71.8%), tetracycline (62.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (39%). Integrons were detected by PCR in 36% of the STEC tested isolates, 57 (89%) of which showed resistance to at least three antimicrobial agents. Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Class 1 integrons facilitate the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistance (MDR) among STEC strains recovered from food animals.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Molecular analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 strains isolated from calves Полный текст
2018
Maryam Kohansal | Ali Ghanbari Asad
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and non-O157 are food-borne pathogens and contaminants of foods of animal origin. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of virulence and integrase genes in STEC isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and forty diarrheic neonatal calves were randomly selected for sampling. Rectal swabs were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of E. coli following standard methods. The isolates were analysed for the presence of class 1 integrons and bacterial virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of 540 diarrhoeic faecal samples, 312 (57.7%) harboured E. coli and 71 (22.7%) of them were identified as STEC: 41(69.5%) carried the stx2 gene, 21 (35.6%) carried the stx1 gene and 3 (5%) carried both. Twenty-six (44%) of the isolates showed the eaegene. Among the STEC isolates examined for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents, erythromycin and penicillin (96.8%) resistance were most commonly observed, followed by resistances to ampicillin (71.8%), tetracycline (62.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (39%). Integrons were detected by PCR in 36% of the STEC tested isolates, 57 (89%) of which showed resistance to at least three antimicrobial agents. Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Class 1 integrons facilitate the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistance (MDR) among STEC strains recovered from food animals.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Amphistome infections in domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa: A review Полный текст
2018
Pfukenyi, Davies M.(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science ,University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences) | Mukaratirwa, Samson(University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences)
Amphistome infections in domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa: A review Полный текст
2018
Pfukenyi, Davies M.(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science ,University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences) | Mukaratirwa, Samson(University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences)
In this article, the main amphistome species infecting domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa, their snail intermediate hosts and epidemiological features are reviewed and discussed. Twenty-six amphistome species belonging to nine genera from three families occur in domestic and wild ruminants in the region under review and over 70% of them belong to the genera Calicophoron, Carmyerius and Cotylophoron. Of the amphistome species, 76.9% are shared between domestic and wild ruminant hosts - an important observation when considering the different options for control. Seven freshwater snail species belonging to four genera from two families act as intermediate hosts of the identified amphistome species, with the genus Bulinus contributing 57% of the snail species. Some of the snails are intermediate hosts of amphistome species belonging to the same genus or to different genera; a phenomenon not yet fully elucidated as some snails are reported to be naturally infected with amphistome cercariae of unidentified species. Only nine (34.6%, 9/26) of the amphistome species have known snail intermediate hosts, while most (65.4%, 17/26) have unknown hosts. Species of intermediate hosts and the potential of the flukes to infect these hosts, the biological potential of the snail hosts, the definitive hosts management systems and their grazing habits are considered to be the main factors influencing the epidemiology of amphistomosis. Based on the epidemiological features of amphistome infections, various practical control options are discussed. Further research is necessary to determine amphistome-snail associations, develop diagnostic tests that can detect prepatent infections in the definitive host, determine the burden and economic importance of amphistomosis in domestic and wild ruminants and the efficacy of different anthelmintics in the treatment of patent infections.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Amphistome infections in domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa: A review Полный текст
2018
Davies M. Pfukenyi | Samson Mukaratirwa
In this article, the main amphistome species infecting domestic and wild ruminants in East and Southern Africa, their snail intermediate hosts and epidemiological features are reviewed and discussed. Twenty-six amphistome species belonging to nine genera from three families occur in domestic and wild ruminants in the region under review and over 70% of them belong to the genera Calicophoron, Carmyerius and Cotylophoron. Of the amphistome species, 76.9% are shared between domestic and wild ruminant hosts – an important observation when considering the different options for control. Seven freshwater snail species belonging to four genera from two families act as intermediate hosts of the identified amphistome species, with the genus Bulinus contributing 57% of the snail species. Some of the snails are intermediate hosts of amphistome species belonging to the same genus or to different genera; a phenomenon not yet fully elucidated as some snails are reported to be naturally infected with amphistome cercariae of unidentified species. Only nine (34.6%, 9/26) of the amphistome species have known snail intermediate hosts, while most (65.4%, 17/26) have unknown hosts. Species of intermediate hosts and the potential of the flukes to infect these hosts, the biological potential of the snail hosts, the definitive hosts management systems and their grazing habits are considered to be the main factors influencing the epidemiology of amphistomosis. Based on the epidemiological features of amphistome infections, various practical control options are discussed. Further research is necessary to determine amphistome–snail associations, develop diagnostic tests that can detect prepatent infections in the definitive host, determine the burden and economic importance of amphistomosis in domestic and wild ruminants and the efficacy of different anthelmintics in the treatment of patent infections.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessment of stress in relation to sheep shearing by using behavioural and physiological measurements Полный текст
2018
H.H. Emeash | A.S. Mostafa | N. M. Abdel-Azem
This study was carried out in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate on a total number of forty apparently healthy ewe lambs with average weight of 28±0.5 kg to clarify the effect of shearing as a stressor on comfort, feeding and social behaviour and blood cortisol level. Ewe lambs were divided into three groups, the first one (n=10) is shorn at spring, the second (n=10) is shorn in autumn and the third (n=20) is kept as a control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in patterns of comfort behaviour between shorn and unshorn ewes except for grooming behaviour which was significantly (p<0.01) increased in shorn than unshorn groups. Blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ewes shorn in spring and autumn at time of shearing (zero minute) than pre-treatment (-20 minutes) and post-treatment time (3 hours following shearing). So the cortisol measurements is a useful indicator of short-term stresses from handling or husbandry procedures such as shearing.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]ffect of castration and docking of lambs on maintenance behaviour and cortisol level Полный текст
2018
H.H. Emeash | A.S. Mostafa | N. M. Abdel-Azem
Thirty apparently healthy lambs with average weight and age of 5.8±0.5 kg and 15±1.6 days respectively were chosen in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate to investigate the effect of castration and docking on maintenance behaviour and blood cortisol level during and after such operations. Lambs were classified into castration (n=10), docking (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The results revealed that castration and docking could significantly affect the behaviours of standing idle, recumbency, sleep, suckling and ingestion in lambs. Moreover, blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) increased after operation in castrated and docked lambs as compared to the time before, at operation and 3 hours after operation.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Occurrence of some pathogenic microorganisms in kareish cheese and their public health significance Полный текст
2018
G. M. Hassan | Samia I. Afify
A number of 50 Ardeola ibis ibis birds were found harboring six nematodes species; Tetrameres species, Microtteramere species, Synhimantus invaginatus, Synhimantus equispeculatus, Ascaridia species, Paracamallanus species,and five species of trematodes; Euclinostomum heterostomum, Nephrostomum ramosum, Apharyngostrigea ibis, Apatemon gracilis and Centrocestus armatus. The most common infection by nematodes was (46%) in which highest infection rate Synhimantus invaginatus recorded (30 %) while the trematode infection was (24 %) and Apatemon gracilis was the most prevalent (16 %). Experimental infection of buff backed heron by encysted metacercaria (EMC) and exysted metacercaria (ExMC) of Clinostomum complanatum from freshwater fish Tilapia nilotica, resulted in adult worms formed after 6 days. Where the infection by EMC recorded higher worm burden (14-18 worm) and hatching percent (78%) while the infection by ExMC gave lower worm burden (7-10 worm / bird ) and hatching (48 %). In the present study, it is worthy to mention that buff backed heron act as final host model for Clinostomum complanatum and this will be helpful in further biological and immunological studies for this trematode to decrease its economic losses in fish intermediate host.Fifty random samples of Kareish cheese were collected from different localities in Bani-suef Governorate. All samples were examined chemically for acidity, salt and moisture percent and bacteriologicaly for the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella and Shigella species. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of acidity, salt and moisture % were 1.63 ± 0.095,3.55 ± 0.299 and 58.54 ± 0.599 in the examined kareish cheese samples, respectively.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens were recovered from 16 (32%), 12(24%), 46 (92%), 25 (50 %) and 3 (6%) with a mean value of 4.86x102 ±4.21x10 2, 4.84x 10 5 ± 2.91x10 5, 3.74x10 6±1.55x10 6, 7.08x10 4±2.61x10 4 and 9.5x10 1 ± 7.37x10 1 of the examined samples , respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica could be isolated from 12% of the examined samples. Salmonella and Shigella species could not be detected in any of the examined samples. The isolated Escherichia coli were examined for serological identification, Enterotoxigenicity and the susceptibility of the isolated serovars to various chemotherapeutic agents. The public health significance and economical importance of the isolated organisms and the recommendations to be followed in the processing, handling and storage of such dairy product were discussed
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Lay perceptions, beliefs and practices linked to the persistence of anthrax outbreaks in cattle in the Western Province of Zambia Полный текст
2018
Doreen C. Sitali | Mwamba C. Twambo | Mumba Chisoni | Muma J. Bwalya | Musso Munyeme
Lay perceptions, beliefs and practices linked to the persistence of anthrax outbreaks in cattle in the Western Province of Zambia Полный текст
2018
Doreen C. Sitali | Mwamba C. Twambo | Mumba Chisoni | Muma J. Bwalya | Musso Munyeme
Anthrax, a neglected zoonotic disease that is transmitted by a spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, has reached endemic proportions in the Western Province of Zambia. Transmission of anthrax from the environment as well as between cattle has been observed to be partly because of entrenched beliefs, perceptions and traditional practices among cattle farmers in the known outbreak areas. This study was aimed at exploring lay perceptions, beliefs and practices that influence anthrax transmission in cattle of the Western Province. A mixed-methods study was conducted from August to December 2015. Quantitative data were collected using a cross-sectional survey. Qualitative data were generated by interviewing professional staff and community members. Five focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis of interview data was performed using NVivo software. The findings suggested that cattle anthrax was biologically as well as culturally maintained. Cattle farmers were reluctant to have their livestock vaccinated against anthrax because of perceived low efficacy of the vaccine. Also, the cattle farmers did not trust professional staff and their technical interventions. Popular cultural practices that involved exchange of animals between herds contributed to uncontrolled cattle movements between herds and subsequent transmission of anthrax. These findings imply the need for professional staff to be culturally competent in handling socio-cultural issues that are known to be barriers for disease control in animals. There is a need to develop a policy framework that will foster integrated control of anthrax across disciplines.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Lay perceptions, beliefs and practices linked to the persistence of anthrax outbreaks in cattle in the Western Province of Zambia Полный текст
2018
Sitali, Doreen C.(University of Zambia Department of Disease Control) | Twambo, Mwamba C.(Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Department of Veterinary Services) | Chisoni, Mumba(University of Zambia Department of Disease Control) | Bwalya, Muma J.(University of Zambia Department of Disease Control) | Munyeme, Musso(University of Zambia Department of Disease Control)
Anthrax, a neglected zoonotic disease that is transmitted by a spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, has reached endemic proportions in the Western Province of Zambia. Transmission of anthrax from the environment as well as between cattle has been observed to be partly because of entrenched beliefs, perceptions and traditional practices among cattle farmers in the known outbreak areas. This study was aimed at exploring lay perceptions, beliefs and practices that influence anthrax transmission in cattle of the Western Province. A mixed-methods study was conducted from August to December 2015. Quantitative data were collected using a cross-sectional survey. Qualitative data were generated by interviewing professional staff and community members. Five focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis of interview data was performed using NVivo software. The findings suggested that cattle anthrax was biologically as well as culturally maintained. Cattle farmers were reluctant to have their livestock vaccinated against anthrax because of perceived low efficacy of the vaccine. Also, the cattle farmers did not trust professional staff and their technical interventions. Popular cultural practices that involved exchange of animals between herds contributed to uncontrolled cattle movements between herds and subsequent transmission of anthrax. These findings imply the need for professional staff to be culturally competent in handling socio-cultural issues that are known to be barriers for disease control in animals. There is a need to develop a policy framework that will foster integrated control of anthrax across disciplines.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]26- HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF HAEMOLYMPH NODES OF WATER DEER (HYDROPOTES INERMIS ARGYROPUS): NOVEL STUDY Полный текст
2018
Artemeva E.A
The objective of the present work was to investigate the anatomical and histological structures of haemolymph nodes in the adult water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Methodology: the morphology of haemolymph nodes from 5 adult water deer was studied by gross inspection and by histological methods. Results: the haemolymph nodes were determined for the first time in water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). The nodes located in the neck on the trachea, thoracic and abdominal cavities in water deer. Dark red in color and oval- or round shaped haemolymph nodes in water deer were observed particularly along the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava; as well as on the trachea along the jugular vein, on the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and on the aortic arch. These nodes had a hilus with hilar vessels, which entered the haemolymph nodes through the trabeculae as trabecular artery. The parenchyma was organized in the form of cortex and medulla. Lymphoid rim was located between subcapsular sinus and cortex. The cortex was composed of a many secondary lymphoid follicles and diffuses interfollicular lymphoid tissue, and medulla contained medullary cords and medullary sinuses. A reticular meshwork extended throughout the haemolymph nodes formed the structure backbone. The interstices of the reticular meshwork were filled with free blood cells, many macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Conclusion: the dark red haemolymph nodes of water deer examined were seen along the course of large blood vessels in the neck on the trachea, thoracic and abdominal cavities. This is first study has demonstrated the presence of haemolymph nodes in water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and provided essential information on their anatomical and histological structures. The data obtained in the present study may be used for further research in this field
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]13- STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA ON SOME FROZEN SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF IRAQI BLACK LOCAL GOAT SPERMATOZOA Полный текст
2018
Taher A.Fahad | Khairi G. Al-Rikabi | Abdulrazak N. Khudair
The semen was collected from five adult Iraqi black local bucks by the artificial vagina and using estrous induced doe the semen was diluted with egg yolk 10% extender and frozen by liquid nitrogen for three months, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation were done after collection, dilution and thawing, three media(TCM-199, DMEM and SOF)were used to see the their effect on activation of spermatozoa. The results showed that TCM-199 media presented higher significance in sperm motility, progressive motility compared with DMEM and SOF media. There was a great decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa after activation using these media which didn’t differ significantly among them and they were higher significantly compared with control in normal morphology.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]15- STUDY THE EFFECT OF ADDING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLOVE (Eugenia caryophyllus) TO DRINKING WATER IN PRODUCTIVITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF BROILER CHICKEN Полный текст
2018
Afrah S.AL-Tabari | Zahira A.AL-Zuhairi | Mahasen Abdulrazzaq
This study was to investigate study the effect of adding the aqueous extract of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) by two different levels to drink water to improve the productive efficiency and some physiological characteristics of the broiler. The study was carried out on 180 chicks of Hubbard at one day old. They were divided randomly into three groups (60 bird in each group) with three replicates for each group (20 bird for each replicate. In this experment, the bird was given two types of diets, the first diet was a starter that has been feeding on the 1-2٢ day age-old , whereas the second diet was finisher that has been feeding on 2٣-4٨ day age-old. The experimental treatments divided into three groups. In control group, birds drink free water without any addition. In group T1, birds received 1% of aqueous extract of clove flower in drinking water, whereas group T2 received 5% of aqueous extract of clove flower in drinking water. The current study showed a significant improvement (p
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