Avian coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease affecting poultry and causes high economic losses in poultry industry, which acts as an important sector in the Egyptian national income. It is caused by genus Eimeria that belongs to subphylum apicomplexa. It affects domestic pigeons causing great losses, particularly in squabs. So, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria species infecting domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) in Minia province. Intestines of 400 domestic pigeons collected from various poultry butcher shops as well as 103 pooled fecal samples of household pigeons were microscopically examined by the flotation technique. The recovered oocysts were morphologically identified. The overall prevalence of Eimeria species infection was 27.0% (108/400) and 72.82% (75/103) in the intestinal and pooled fecal samples respectively. Seasonally, the highest infection rate in the pooled fecal samples was in both spring and autumn (80.0%), while the lowest was in summer (56.0%). Meanwhile, the infection rate of the intestinal samples was the highest in winter (33.33%) and the lowest in autumn (20.0%). Moreover, The monthly infection rate of intestinal samples revealed that September and April had the highest rates;(55.0% and 41.62%). However, no infection rates were found in October and November, while monthly infection rate of fecal samples recorded that January and February showed 100% infection rate. Meanwhile, March and August, showed the lowest rate of infection 28.57% and 42.86% respectively. The morphological identification revealed the presence of four Eimeria species, Eimeria labbeana, E. columbarum E.columbae and E.labbeana-like, in pigeons in Minia province. Further studies are recommended to investigate the life cycle and molecular differentiation of Eimeria species infecting domestic birds.

A total of 225 samples were collected from suspected cases and they were 75 human samples (40 ear swabs, 29 vaginal swabs and 6 sputum samples) and 150 from broiler chickens for microbiological examination and fungal isolation, they collected from different areas in El-Fayoum and Beni-Suef governorates, from which 129 fungal isolates were recovered, 22 fungal isolates( 29.3%) were recovered from human; of which 15 isolates of ear swabs ( A.fumigatus 37.5%) while 7 (24.1%) A.fumigatus isolates were recovered from women, but there was no A.fumigatus recovered from sputum samples, as well as there were 53 A.fumigatus isolates (35.3%) recovered from broiler chicken. The antifungal activities of thymol and carvacrol oils against the recovered fungal isolates were tested using agar dilution method. Thymol and carvacrol oils completely inhibited the growth of different fungal isolates at concentrations of 1% and 0.1%. On the other hand, the concentration of 0.01% was too weak to inhibit the fungal growth, but it completely reduced the colour of the fungal colony converted it into white coloured arial mycelium. PCR assay using oligonucleotide primer that amplifying 250bp fragment in its Gene of A.fumigatus and A.niger was performed. Sequence analysis of two isolates of A.niger and A.fumigatus using its Gene was performed.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of adding plant oils; extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), sunflower and soybean to animal feed on serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels, histological structure of ovaries and in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM). A total of 60 mature female Albino rats were used. Animals were divided equally into 5 groups; control group (received standard diet), group II (received EVOO), group III (received sunflower oil), group IV (received soybean oil) and group VI (received oil mixture which consist of sunflower and soybean oils). After 6 weeks of feeding oil addited diet, blood samples were collected from all rats throughout the different stages of estrous cycle. Sera were used for determination of serum E2 and P4 levels. Only females that were not in estrus were scarified after the last blood sample collection, ovaries were harvested for histopathological examination and for in vitro maturation. Results showed that none of oils led to ovarian changes except soybean oil and oil mixture, cause congestion of some ovarian blood vessels. It was also noted that the hormonal pattern didn’t differ significantly among different treatments within the same stage of the cycle, except for the group received oil mixture where E2 and P4 levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during metestrus and diestrus phases, respectively. In the treated groups, the highest significant (P < 0.05) oocyte recovery rate (RR) (5.43 ± 0.23% and 4.41± 0.13%) and maturation rate (MR) (79.17 ± 2.03% and 73.43 ± 1.97%) were attained after application of EVOO followed by sunflower oil, respectively. While the lowest values were calculated with the soybean oil and oil mixture (3.83 ± 0.13 % and 2.50 ± 0.16 %) and (68.18 ± 2.29 % and 62.50 ± 2.23 %), respectively. It could be concluded that EVOO as well as sunflower oil have a beneficial influence on ovarian functional performance, retrieval of high number of good quality oocytes and raise oocyte maturation.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of [ 4&rsquo;,4&rdquo; -(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- [1,2,3-] selenadiazolo[4,5e] pyridine-4,6-diyl) bis(benzene-1,3-diol)] (T) on female fertility and reproductive hormones, in addition histopathological examination of ovaries in comparison with the effects of Metamizole or Dipyrone (Di). Four groups of mature female rats each group consist of ten healthy female rats. Three groups received T and /or Di dissolved in drinking water 2mL (DW), the forth group received 2 mL of (DW) for 20 days before mating and ten days after mating. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the number of births of (T) group (13.70&plusmn;3.34) compared to DW group (9.7&plusmn;1.06). Also, significant decline in T&amp;Di group to (6.91&plusmn;0.32), with no pregnancies reported in Di treated group. The pregnancy percentage was in T&amp;Di group basically decline to 40% compare with T and DW groups 100%. Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) level showed a significant elevation (p&lt;0.05) in T group (5.19mIU/mL &plusmn;0.72), and T&amp;Di (5.12 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.78) compared with DW (1.61mIU/mL&plusmn;0.52), and Di (1.46 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.60) groups. LH concentration of T (1.88 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.48), and T&amp;Di (1.67 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.41) groups LH values than in DW (1.75 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.67). Only in Di group (0.88 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.48) LH value reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05) than in other test groups. T group (17.22 mIU/mL &plusmn;4.50) progesterone level; also T&amp;Di group progesterone level (10.11 mIU/mL &plusmn;2.05) statistically important increase, while Di group there is essentially decreased (p&lt;0.05) to (2.69 mIU/mL&plusmn;0.89) compare to DW (6.31 mIU/mL &plusmn;1.41). Histopathological results showed that ovarian section of Di group disclosed large cystic corpus luteum CC.L, absence of Graafian Follicles and follicles at different stages of development. &nbsp;T group section showed normal Graafian follicles and different follicles in developmental stages, as well as there were several persistence corpus luteum. Ovary of T&amp;Di female rats relieves improvement of some Graafian follicles, Cystic corpus luteum (CC.L). Furthermore, there was some of clear C.L. It can be concluded that T compound had a Good effect on the level of reproductive hormones and increase fertility in female rats. While Di long term treatment had bad effects on female fertility, by affecting reproductive hormones levels and pathological change of ovaries.

The present study investigates the effect of platelets rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of skin ulcers in rabbits in which diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced using Streptozotocin. The study was applied on 12 adult rabbits of both sexes with a mean weight of 1000-1500 g. They were divided randomly into two equal groups (six rabbits per group). DM was induced in two groups by injected Streptozotosin 65 mg / kg B.W IV. Ulcers were made in 3 cm length and 2 cm width in all rabbits in the gluteal region under the general Anesthesia by mixture of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride in sterile conditions. The first group was used as control; the second group was treated with platelets rich plasma on the site of ulcers. The first group in the 7 days, showed large ulcers and pus; in the 14 days, were ulcers continued with thickened epidermal. The second group, in the 7days, showed skin ulcers with dermal thickening and a beginning of skin formation. In the 14th days, the treated group showed small ulcer remaining with dermal fibrosis.ELISA results have been shown the effect of platelets rich plasma on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF&alpha;) concentration in the blood after 10 days of skin lesions inducing. The natural concentration of TNF&alpha; is 6.4 pg/ml in range (4.2-7.9) pg/ml. The first group had a concentration below 5.3 pg/ml, due to the DM. The second group was highly concentrated in 10.4 pg/ml. The results of the histopathological and ELISA confirmed that there are marked healing and elevating TNF&alpha; concentration in the treated group.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of the transmission of Leishmania donovani parasite from pregnant mothers to their embryos in experimental BALB/c mice. After 5 days of copulation males with females,females were injected with 1012 parasite/ml of promastigote stage through the tail vein, which is grown in NNN-medium. This study demonstrated parasite ability to congenital transmission from mothers to their embryos by placenta through the appearance of amastigote in tissue sections of liver and bone marrow of infected mice fetusescompared with uninfected fetuses. I

The present objective was done for investigate the ameliorative feeding effect of Lactuca sativa and alfalfa on growth performance and reproductive parameters (concentration of hormones, characteristic of sperm epididymal in adult male rabbits). Twelve adult male rabbits were divided randomly in to two groups. Control group (G1) animals feeding on alfalfa (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. Group Two (G2) this group feeding on head lettuce (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. The result revealed significantly increase in serum testosterone, LH and FSH concentration and significantly differences were observed in sperm concentration, viability, abnormality and decrease significantly in motility of sperm in group feeding&nbsp; on head lettuce compared to the group feeding on alfalfa.

Johne's disease is one of the main causes of economic losses in ruminants and a major health hazard in the developed and developing developed countries.In this study, PCR detection of insertion sequences IS900 of MAP in the buffy coat of cows (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;81), of this 29 (35.8%) cow showed positive results. By Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SLC11A1 gene were tested for finding their association with susceptibility to bovine Johens disease in Iraqi cattle. A total of 50 cows were tested, theirresult revealedthat at rs109453173 locus twoelectromorph&lsquo;CC&rsquo; (374 bp) and &lsquo;CG&rsquo; (374, 293 and 81 bp).The rs109915208 locus also showed two electromorph, &lsquo;TT (344bp) and &lsquo;CT&rsquo; (344, 215 and 129 bp) . The differences in the electromorph between IS900 positive and negative cows were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0031). No significant difference in these electromorph at SNP locus rs109915208 between IS900 positive and negative cows. Out of two SNPs from SLC11A1 gene, rs109453173 had a significant association with the susceptibility to Johne's disease. The CC&rsquo; electromorph observed at rs109453173 locus showed a significant association with the susceptibility to bovine paratuberculosis in cows. The OR of &lsquo;CC&rsquo;&nbsp; in&lsquo;IS900&nbsp; positive versusIS900 negative cattle was7.8750, suggesting that cows having &lsquo;CC&rsquo; electromorph were susceptible to Johne's disease compared to &lsquo;CG&rsquo; electromorph . &nbsp;

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the healing of experimentally severed Achilles tendons of the dogs repaired by Kessler suture pattern alone or with autologous peritoneal scaffold. A total of twelve healthy, neurologically and orthopedically local breed dogs were used in this study, which were randomly allocated into two equal groups (6 of each). The 1st group as a control, while the 2nd as a treated group. In both groups the Achilles tendon of one hind limb was completely severed transversely, in 1st group the tendon was repaired by Kessler suture pattern using silk No.3, while in the 2nd group a combination of Kessler suture and autogenous peritoneal scaffold was applied to reinforce the tendon repair. The site of surgery was evaluated clinically, while gross and histological study was performed at 15, 30 and 60 days post-operative days. Results was revealed that autologous peritoneum graft has a remarkable effects on Achilles tendon healing represented by improving fibroblastic proliferation, reduce adhesion, increase tendon strength and improve tendon function when compared with the control group. We concluded that peritoneal graft application has valuable and beneficial effects on treatment of ruptured Achilles tendon in dogs when utilizing it in conjunction with the traditional procedures.

OBJECTIVE To determine the amount of negative pressure generated by syringes of various sizes with and without an attached thoracostomy tube and whether composition of thoracostomy tubes altered the negative pressure generated. SAMPLE Syringes ranging from 1 to 60 mL and 4 thoracostomy tubes of various compositions (1 red rubber catheter, 1 polyvinyl tube, and 2 silicone tubes). PROCEDURES A syringe or syringe with attached thoracostomy tube was connected to a pneumatic transducer. Each syringe was used to aspirate a volume of air 10 times. Negative pressure generated was measured and compared among the various syringe sizes and various thoracostomy tubes. RESULTS The negative pressure generated decreased as size of the syringe increased for a fixed volume across syringes. Addition of a thoracostomy tube further decreased the amount of negative pressure. The red rubber catheter resulted in the least amount of negative pressure, followed by the polyvinyl tube and then the silicone tubes. There was no significant difference in negative pressure between the 2 silicone tubes. The smallest amount of negative pressure generated was −74 to −83 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Limited data are available on the negative pressure generated during intermittent evacuation of the thoracic cavity. For the present study, use of a syringe of ≥ 20 mL and application of 1 mL of negative suction volume resulted in in vitro pressures much more negative than the currently recommended pressure of −14.71 mm Hg for continuous suction. Additional in vitro or cadaveric studies are needed.