Bovine brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease of great impact on animal welfare and has significant economic implications on livestock farm worldwide. The disease is caused primarily by Brucella abortus (B. abortus), while B. melitensis is less common, and B. suis infection is rare. B. melitensis is the most common causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants and humans. Although the main host of B. melitensis is considered to be small ruminants, this bacterium is also present in large ruminants. Despite brucellosis has been eradicated in many European countries, it is still endemic in Mediterranean countries and Turkey. The most prevalent Brucella species in the Mediterranean basin and Turkey is B. melitensis biovar (bv) 3. Previous studies have reported that B. melitensis bv2 is quite low in Turkey. This is the first study to isolate B. melitensis bv2 from cattle in Turkey. The strains were characterized using classical biotyping methods and then were molecularly confirmed. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) typing of the strains revealed a novel genotype (1-5-3-13-3-2-3-2-4-41-8-5-4-3-3-7), which matches the Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) profiles in the database of ST8 (3-2-3-2-1-5-3-2-8). These results indicate that B. melitensis bv2 can easily infect cattle and this has to be considered in the epidemiology and control of bovine brucellosis. Circulating the highly pathogenic B. melitensis bv2 in cattle farms is of public health concern. [Ger. J. Vet. Res. 2023; 3(2.000): 11-15]

In this study, a Brucella antigen-capture ELISA (Ag-cELISA) prototype was developed. To study the validity of the developed Ag-cELISA, milk samples collected from Brucella-positive goats (n=120) and cattle (n= 64), as well as from unknown Brucella-status cattle (n=105) and sheep (n=65) herds were tested by Ag-cELISA, I-ELISA, and culture method. All Brucella-positive samples were confirmed using PCR. It was found that the developed Ag-cELISA could detect 50-100 bacteria per well (equivalent to 103 to 2×103 cells per mL) as the lowest limit of detection (LOD) and was therefore considered moderately sensitive to detect brucellae in milk. In an infected goat herd, out of 120 milk samples, 41, 32, and 17 were positive by Ag-cELISA, I-ELISA, and culture, respectively. Ag-cELISA detected 15 positive cases out of 17 culture-positive milk samples. Two culture-positive milk samples were not detected in Ag-cELISA. The relative sensitivity and specificity between Ag-cELISA and I-ELISA were 78% and 100%, respectively. In an infected cow herd, out of 64 milk samples, 32, 23, and 11 were found positive by Ag-cELISA, I-ELISA, and culture, respectively. Ten out of 11 culturally positive milk samples were found positive by Ag-cELISA. The relative sensitivity and specificity between the Ag-cELISA and I-ELISA were 71.9% and 100%, respectively. From randomly collected 105 cow and 110 sheep milk samples from herds of unknown Brucella-infection status, three (2.85%) and five (4.5%) samples were found positive using Ag-cELISA, respectively. These results showed that Ag-cELISA could be used to detect brucellae in milk more practically and safely than bacterial culture. On the other hand, this information re-affirms that milk can be an important source of brucellosis and creates a public health risk in humans; therefore, increased public awareness is of utmost importance

This research aimed to determine the accuracy of the progesterone test kit for milk and blood for early pregnancy diagnosis in Ettawa cross goats (PE). Five lactating PE goats were used in this study and were synchronized with PGF2 intramuscularly. The result is that all goats showed a sign of estrus. Four goats were mated naturally, while one other was not mated. The determination of day 0 was when the females were standing heat. The early pregnancy diagnosis using dairy cow test strips was performed 18-22 days after mating or post-estrus. The accuracy of the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound on day 35 after mating/post estrus. Diagnosis using the milk progesterone kit showed negative results for five days of examination in all goats, whereas using the blood progesterone kit showed positive results in four goats. When confirmed, the ultrasound showed that one goat was not pregnant, and four other goats were pregnant. It can be concluded that the pregnancy test strip kits containing progesterone are effective in diagnosing early pregnancy in PE goats with high accuracy in blood samples (100%) despite low accuracy in milk samples (20%).

It is widely known that Escherichia coli (E. coli) can infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals and damage some tissue organs. Through histopathological examination of the gastric and duodenal organs can provide valuable information relating to how the E. coli infection impacts the animal. A male dog age 1.5 months, body weight 0.6 kg diagnosed with colibacillosis was euthanized. The dog has never been vaccinated and has not been dewormed. Examination of pathology is carried out macroscopically and microscopically. The standard of microbiological examination for E. coli isolation was conducted. Then, histopathological observation of gastric and duodenum organs was performed. The results showed that there were histopathological lesions in gastric and duodenum organs in dogs (canis familaris) suspected of E. coli infection

The perfect bleeding in slaughtering animals is closely related to the halalness of the meat. This study aims to describe the perfectness of blood drains in discarded laying hens carcasses sold at traditional markets in Banda Aceh City. The research samples were nine chicken carcasses bought from three traditional markets, i.e., Peunayong, Ule Kareng, and Seutui (three samples from each market). The study used a cross-sectional method to test the perfect carcass bleeding with the Malachite Green (MG) test in the form of seeing changes in the color of the solution. The results showed that all samples changed color from green to dark blue. A perfectly slaughtered chicken will not find hemoglobin in the chicken carcass, causing O to oxidize malachite green to a dark blue, indicating that the slaughtering and bleeding occurred perfectly. In conclusion, the carcasses of discarded laying hens sold in the traditional markets of Peunayong, Ule Kareng, and Seutui are halal.

This study aims to determine the histomorphometry of the small intestine of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) at different age levels. This study used a completely randomized design. This study used 18 male turkeys, divided into 3 groups of ages 8, 16, and 24 weeks, each group comprising 6 turkeys. The necropsied turkey's small intestine was taken into histological preparations and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results showed that the histological picture of the small intestine layer of turkeys at different age levels consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscular, and tunica serosa. Histomorphometrically, there was an increase in the thickness of all layers of the small intestine from 8 and 16 weeks of age (P0.05), and the height of the intestinal villi increased in all parts of the small intestine at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age (P0.05). In conclusion, with histomorphometric measurements, it can be seen that there are differences in the three age groups.

The impact of free radicals on testicular Leydig cells can result in the disruption of male reproductive health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on Leydig cells and the potential of kepok banana peel extract as a medication to mitigate these effects. In total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups and treated with standard feed (P1), high-fat feed (P2), high-fat feed with simvastatin (P3), and high-fat feed with banana peel extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW (P4 and P5). After 60 days of treatment, the number of Leydig cells was determined using HE staining methods. Data were analyzed using an One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the administration of 100 mg/kg BW of kepok banana peel extract (P4) was able to maintain the number of Leydig cells and counteract the negative effects of a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that kepok banana peel extract may have the potential as a herbal medicine for supporting male reproductive health.

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a complex patient condition caused by many factors. This case is the reason why pet owners always need veterinary assistance. Cats with urinary tract disorders show almost similar symptoms such as pollakiuria, hematuria, stranguria, urethral obstruction, and even urination outside the litter box. Urethral obstruction is a common complication in cases of FUS, which often occurs in male cats. Based on this, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of FUS in the cat patient population at RSHP in 2022. The total number of patients treated at Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) Prof. Dr. Noerjanto Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala was 849, and 38 cases of cat patients experiencied FLUTD. This research is an observational study to see the prevalence rate of FLUTD in a population of cat patients treated at the VTH. Based on the research that has been done, the prevalence value of animals experiencing FLUTD is 4.47. The number of cases of FLUTD in male cats is (97.3%) and for female cats (2.63%). The incidence of FLUTD that occurred in cats aged 2 to 4 years old.

Infection with Ascaridia galli still attacks poultry farms, especially chickens in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the causes of changes in anatomy pathological and histology in small intestine of broiler. The study was taken from Alif which had clinical symptoms of weakness and anorexia on July 5, 2022 in Gresik Jawa Timur. The results of anatomical pathology and histological examination showed changes in the duodenum and jejunum organs showing hemorrhagic and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of parasite examination found A.galli worms in the lumen of the small intestine and A.galli worm eggs from feces. In this study, clinical symptoms and anatomy pathological and histology changes of the small intestine in the broiler were caused by infection with A. galli worms.

One of the fishery products that decomposes very rapidly is shrimp. Utilizing natural preservatives, such asAverrhoa bilimbiL. juice, is one method for maintaining the quality of food ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of addingA. bilimbiL. juice with different concentrations and soaking times on vannamei shrimp decay. In this study, an experimental laboratory was used to examine decay using the Postma and H2S tests. As much as 500 g of vannamei shrimp were divided into four treatment groups and two repetitions, with 5 g of each sample soaked inA. bilimbiL. juice with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Early decay was observed at 0 and 3 hours after soaking vannamei shrimp in solutions with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. At concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, there was no initial decay after soaking vannamei shrimp for six hours at a concentration of 0% and 2.5%. During 9 hours of soaking at concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, and 5%, initial decay occurred, whereas there was no initial decay at concentrations of 7.5% and 10%. The conclusion of this research isA. bilimbiL. juice with concentrations of 7.5% and 10% for 6 and 9 hours inhibits the decomposition of vannamei shrimp.