A study was carried out in the month of September, 2022 to know the economics on rearing of indigenous (local) comparative broiler birds at the Poultry Unit of SCS college of Agriculture, Rangamati, Assam Agricultural University, Dhubri, Assam. For the study, day old chicks of indigenous and broiler, 100 numbers each were introduced in deep litter system of management. Broilers were marketed at the completion of 6 th week, while the indigenous birds were kept up to 8 th week and then marketed. Mean body weight was found to be 2082.67±14.85 g and 658.29±3.49 g in the case of broilers and indigenous birds at 6 th week and 8 th week respectively. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded as 1.64 and 2.29 for broiler and indigenous birds, respectively. The cost of production per kg bird is Rs.114.70 and Rs. 227.90 for broiler and indigenous birds respectively. The net profit calculated in production of broilers and indigenous was Rs. 5100.00 and Rs. 7450.00 respectively. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) in broiler and indigenous bird was found to be 1.22.1.00 and 1.53:1.00, respectively.

A study was carried out to assess the effect of dietary crude protein on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Kadaknath chicken up to 12th weeks of age. A total of 240-day old Kadaknath chicks were purchased from the College of Poultry Production and Management, TANUVAS, Hosur and wing banded, weighed individually and distributed randomly into four experimental groups with three replicates of 20 chicks each. Four experimental diets were formulated with four levels of crude protein viz., 14, 16, 18 and 20 per cent with 2800 kcal/kg ME. Growth performance and carcass characteristics were studied. All the data generated were statistically analysed and interpreted. The Kadaknath chicken fed with 20 per cent crude protein with 2800 kcal /kg ME had highest 12th week body weight (1018.66± 55.19 g ) when compared to other treatment groups. The carcass characteristics of Kadaknath chicken showed significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) among treatment groups for eviscerated carcass weight, eviscerated carcass yield, ready-to-cook weight, ready-to-cook yield and per cent giblets. The per cent cut–up parts of Kadaknath chicken at 12 th week of age did not show significant difference among treatment groups. The present study concluded that Kadaknath chicken fed with higher crude protein (20 % CP) resulted in significantly higher 12th week body weight, eviscerated carcass and ready-to-cook yield.

The present case describes the successful vaginal delivery of a buffalo calf with Aplasia Cutis Congenita co-existence with Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome (AMS) in a graded Murrah buffalo.

The present study was aimed to study the comparative anatomy of Pectoral bones in pigeon and conure bird. In both the birds Pectoral bones were composed of Humerus, Radius and ulna, carpals, Carpometacarpus and Digits. Humerus of conure on its medial tuberosity well marked facet was noticed. Bones of forearm in both pigeon and conure were composed of thicker ulna and slender Radius. Carpometacarpus was composed of three bony elements. Digits of both the birds were three in number. Pigeons have strong well developed Pectoral bones and are strongest flyer when compared to that of conure. The anatomical feature of Pectoral bones in pigeon was similar to that of conure but had few variations. 

An intact female non-descript dog was brought to University Veterinary Hospital, with a complaint of a mass in the ventral abdomen and in-appetence. Clinical examination revealed a round ulcerated hard tumour like mass on the right inguinal mammary gland and a nodular friable tumour like mass on the vulval lips. Examination of the impression smears of the masses revealed, plasmacytoid pattern of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). On thoracic radiography, pulmonary metastasis was observed and the tumour was staged as T4N0M1. The tumour mass on the right inguinal mammary gland was surgically excised under general anaesthesia. Chemotherapy was adopted with vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/Kg) at weekly intervals. Complete regression of vulval tumour was observed after 21 days of chemotherapy. Immunocytochemical localisation of vimentin antibody was done to assess the response to chemotherapy.

An one and half year old Jersey crossbred heifer was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of recurrent bloat, copious salivation, severe respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Under local infiltration with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride, trocharization was performed on left paralumbar fossa using trochar and canula to relieve the gas from the rumen. Palpable hard mass noticed in the caudal cervical esophagus and attempt was made to retrieve with the hand through the oral cavity was unsuccessful. Oesophagogram revealed barium stasis on ventral aspect between 4 th and 5 th cervical vertebra. As the obstruction could not be relieved by passing a probang, cervical oesophagotomy was performed and foreign body (Trichobezoar) was retrieved without any complications.

Sound plays an important role in animal behaviour, welfare and production. It also helps the animal attendant in communicating with and controlling the animal. When sound becomes unpleasant and disturbing it is termed as noise and causes sound pollution. The threshold of bearing sound is different among animals and is affected by several factors such as age, shape of the ears, species and breed of the animal and health condition. Noise pollution affects behaviour, breeding, growth and well-being of birds. Noise was noted to cause sleep disturbances and affect the endocrine and cardiovascular systems, in laboratory animals. A review is presented on the effect of noise on animals based on the work of various researchers. Methods on how to keep animals safe from sound pollution has also been suggested.

Many plants are being used as food additives and also as traditional medicine because of their preservative and curative effects. Various phytochemicals from medicinal plants like polyphenols, flavonoids, and Vitamin C serve as lead compounds in drug design and discovery. These active compounds are used as an alternative medicine to treat diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Plant extracts can positively affect the red cell membrane and many plants have serious adverse effects, which include induction of haemolytic anaemia. Therefore, many of the commonly used plants need to be evaluated for their potential haemolytic activity and it represents an important starting point in this regard. The haemolytic activity of any compound is the ultimate indicator of general cytotoxicity towards normal healthy cells. Methanolic extract of both Cleome gynandra plant (Stinkweed) and Annona squamosa (Custard apple) seeds were prepared. The haemolytic assay was conducted to check the haemolytic activity of both extracts as well as their combination. The study revealed that Cleome gynandra plant extract had the least haemolytic activity followed by Annona squamosa seed extract and a combination of both extracts. But the haemolytic activity increases when the concentration of all extract increases.

Selection of breeding bucks is one of the crucial decisions in both organised and field populations for genetic improvement. Using high genetic merit bucks in the breeding programme could improve the overall production of the stock, thereby augmenting the economic sustainability of the rural goat keepers with zero input system of management. Therefore, understanding the effect of non-genetic factors with respect to semen characteristics is of paramount importance among the breeding bucks within a breed for effective breeding management. In this study, a total of 164 ejaculates from six adult Salem Black bucks were analysed to determine the effect of season and order of the ejaculate on conventional semen attributes using linear mixed models with lme4 package in R software. The estimated marginal means for semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (million per ml), mass activity (0 to 5 scale), initial and pre-freeze sperm motility (per cent) were 0.69 ± 0.05, 3253.00 ± 167.00, 4.70 ± 0.09, 81.80 ± 0.002 and 79.43 ± 0.003 respectively. Season had a significant effect (p < 0.5) on all the traits under study except for post-thaw motility, whereas, the order of ejaculation did not influence the traits except mass activity.

Fracture comprises one of the major surgical cases having serious impinge on small ruminants causing lameness. A retrospective study was undertaken on incidence of long bone fractures in reference to metacarpal and metatarsal in goats. Among 893 cases, 344 (38.5%) cases had fracture. Incidence according to the bone involved; metacarpal (28.4%), metatarsal (22.9%), tibia (15.9%), femur (14.2%), radius and ulna (11%) and humerus (8.13%). Fractures with special reference to the age, sex, nature, type, location in metacarpal and metatarsal were taken for the study. The age of animals with metacarpal fracture ranged from twenty days to 3 years and had a mean age of 9 months whereas metatarsal fracture ranged from one month to 2.5 years and had a mean age of 1.2 years. Out of 176 goats with metacarpal (98) and metatarsal (76) fractures, male goats (65.3%) and (68.4%) were mostly affected than female. Open fractures were 33% whereas closed fractures were of 67%. Fracture due to automobile accident in metacarpal (45.9%) and metatarsal (31.5%) was found to be the most common cause of fracture in goats.