Mastitis is affects the mammary gland tissue and is accompanied by chemical,physical and bacterial changes in milk. There are several bacterial pathogens thatcause mastitis which differs in its effect on the glandular tissue of the udder. Thecurrent study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ofBasrah, in order to determine the effect of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureusand the extent of the disease importance events to determine the blood parameters,including the total number of red blood cells, the total number of white blood cells,hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume in infected with buffalo Mastitis incomparison to non-infected animals, which were considered a control group. A totalof (75) milk samples from mastitis infected buffalo were collected from different siteof northern of Basra, only twenty five isolates (33.3%) characterized asStaphylococcus aureus by conventional biochemical tests. The study showed asignificant increase in white blood cells, and liver enzymes (AST&ALT), whilesignificant decrease in red blood cell count as well as total cholesterol and differenceswere observed in total protein when compared with non-infected animals group.

A total of nine mammary glands of bovine were collected from slaughterhouse in Basrah city and Surgical Department of Veterinary College forhistopathological examination. Histopathological examination of mammaryglands revealed that there was an acute, chronic, and necrotizing case inmammary gland tissue.

Currents study was designed to investigations about Klebsiella pneumoniaeinfection in sheep then evaluation its effects in mouse by experimentally infectionField study conducting on examination of one hundred100 sheep's lungs in KerbalaProvince, these lungs were send to laboratory of microbes for microbial examine.Results showed 44 % of lungs samples were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae;18% of samples were negative for bacterial examination and the others 38 sampleswere infected with different type of bacteria but not frequently occurs as Klebsiella eLaboratory study, the isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae used to induce experimentalinfection in mice. Thirty 30 mixed mice at age of (4-6) weeks were used andsubdivided in to three 3 group; 1st contains 10 ten males injected with 0.25ml.IP. (1.5*10) suspension of bacteria; 2nd contains 10 ten females injected with 0.25ml.IP. (1.5*10) suspension of bacteria; 3rd contains mixed ten mice injected with Distilled Water.Scarified 4 four animals were done at the end of one week's until last 4 four week.Samples of tissues (liver, Kidney, lung, spleen, testes, uterus) were taken from eachmouse. Maine pathological lesions in lung of sheep infected with Klebsiellapneumoniae were suppurative broncho pneumonia, giant cell infiltration andgranulomatous foci. Tissues samples of experimentally infected mice showed generalabscesses at 1-2 weeks of infection, necrosis with granuloma and giant cell infiltrationat 3-4 weeks of infection. Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae infects lung sheep and cause chronic suppurative pneumonia due to presence of giant cell as well asexperimentally infects mice and causes general suppurative and granulomatouslesions

The study aimed detection and identification of the lesions in the uterine cervix ofewes and determination of their percentages in Mosul region. For that purposecervices from 108 non gravid genital systems were collected from slaughtered ewes atMosul slaughter house and private butcheries for a period extended from 1/11/2012 to1/5/2013. all of the samples were grossly and histologically examined. The resultshowed that the most observed lesions in cervices were epithelial hyperplasia,epithelial degeneration and desquamation ,coagulative necrosis, cervicitis and subepithelial hemorrhage at ratios 11.11% , 10.18% , 8.33%,3.70% and 5.55%respectively . It has been concluded that uterine cervix naturally exposed to multiplepathogens induced the noticed lesions

The present study was carried out to investigate the histological lesions andmorphological changes caused by the experimental Shigella flexneri bacteria in both thesmall intestine and the large intestine in albino mice Musmusculus and attempt to treat themusing the Antheum graveolens and antibiotic amikacin. And study the inhibitory activity ofthe extract of the plant in vitro. Shigella flexneri was tested for a variety of antibiotics andshowed that it was sensitive to (Amikacin, ErythromycinTobramycin,Gentamycin,Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime and Naldixic acid ) and resistant to(Ampicillin, Trimethoprim and Aztreonam) . The inhibitory activity test was performed ofAntheum graveolens extract toward Shigella flexneri and was found to be sensitive andhigh. Both ID-50 and LD-50 LD dose were determinated. In the present study, thelaboratory animals were divided into 36 mice and randomly assigned to 6 groups. Eachgroup consisted of six mice.These groups are control group, ID-50 group,LD-50 group,group that treated with water Antheum graveolens,group that treated with alcoholicAntheum graveolens and antibiotic group . The bacterial infection of the mice was inducedby mouth ,the animals left dosage of the doses pathogenic from bacteria for a four-day andthe appearance of the disease. On the fourth day, The results of the histological examinationof the small and large intestines showed satisfactory changes in the different tissue layers ofthese structures. microscopic examination showed less enhancement in groups thattreatment with alcoholic Antheum graveolens and antibiotic compared with groups thatadministrated water Antheum graveolens

The results in present study are illustrated that the effects of different levels of NSseeds and RO leaves on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation, fatty acidscomposition and the apparent biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acidsusing rumen liquor from Dorper lambs. The NS seeds and RO leaves weresupplemented at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) DM of basal substrate [60%forage (urea treated rice straw) and 40% concentrate] and incubated for 24 h at 39°C.Substrates containing RO and NS had greater (P<0.05) gas production than the controlsubstrates. The volume of gas produced increased as the levels of RO and NSincreased up to 1.5% and decreased afterwards. Supplementation of RO and NS did not affect (P>0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matterdigestibility, rumen pH, CH4 and NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and themolar proportion of acetate, propionate and butyrate. The RO supplements reduced theruminal concentration of C18:0 and increased the ruminal concentration of C18:1n-9in a dose dependent manner. The supplementation of RO leaves reduced (P<0.05) theapparent biohydrogenation of C18:1n-9 but had no effect (P>0.05) on the apparentbiohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3.

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinalparasites in large ruminants ( cattle and buffalo ) in Thi-Qar province south of Iraq .For this purpose, 628 fecal samples were collected including 312 from buffaloes and316 from cattle, from different areas of Thi-Qar Province between February 2017 andFebruary 2018. Parasitological procedures used for the identification of helmintheswere direct and indirect methods(Flotation and sedimentation techniques). The resultsrevealed that the prevalence of GI parasitic infestation were 54.7% in cattle and23.71% in buffalo ,Moreover Fasciola spp. was the most prevalent GI parasite in bothcattle and buffaloes. Parasitic infestation was recorded throughout the year withseasonal variations.

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a versatile opportunistic pathogen that causes awide spectrum of pathologies. In rabbits, this bacterium infects dermal lesions causingsuppurative dermatitis, and invades subcutaneous tissues, causing different wellknowndisease conditions such as mastitis, abscesses (subcutaneously or affectinginternal organs) and pododermatitis. The aim of the study is to update the knowledgeon rabbit Staphylococcosis by focusing mainly on the different histopathologicchanges. Twenty rabbits were used as laboratory animal models in an experimentdesigned to study the pathogenesis of S. aureus. A dose of (1x108 CFU/ml) of aRifampicin-resistant S.aureus was given through the following routes: Intratracheal(IT), andsterile distilled water was given by same route to a group of rabbits used ascontrol.There were difference in temperature and body weights among treated animalsand control,but it were statistically significant(P˂0.05).

Parasitic infection of Ehinococus granulosus infects many animals because ofhosts variation ; intermediate host include ,sheep ,cattle ,goats ,pigs ,horses andcamels as well as human. Transmitted to intermediate host by the ingestion of eggand transmitted to definitive host via eating infected mature cyst's containing organs.Final host was dog and canine species were the adult worms may survive for up to 3years and laying egg after 6-10 month in dog that excretes with feces. The eggs maybe eaten in food such as vegetables , herbs ,fruit or drunk in contaminated water ,theycan also stick to the hands when a person pet an infected dog or cat ,handles a wildanimal or carcass, or touches contaminated soil and vegetation . One hundred 100lungs specimens were examined in field and in laboratory, results showed that morethan 50% of lungs samples were infected with hydatid cysts or Echinococusgranulosus, histopathological examination showed sever destructive and necrotic withhemolytic changes in lungs tissues contained Echinococus granulosuscysts.Conclusions: parasitic infection Echinococus granulosus or hydatid cysts werepredominantly and commonly existence in sheep living in Kerbala.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological, histological, andhistochemical structures of the esophagus and stomach in small Indian mongoose at anatomy andhistology laboratory/ Veterinary Medicine College / Basra University in Basra/ Iraq. The currentstudy was conducted on six local healthy adult male mongoose directly . Morphological resultsreleaved that the esophagus is elastic muscular fibrous tube connects between pharynx andstomach. It consists from three parts; cervical, thoracic, and short abdominal part.The stomachappeared as simple type with shape of letter (J),and had three regions (cardiac, fundus, andpyloric region), two curvatures, and two openings. The mean length and width of esophagus andstomach (15cm, 0.5 cm) and (6.5 cm, 2cm cardiac, 1.5 cm fundus, and pyloric 1 cm in width)respectively. The histological study result showed the esophagus and stomach comprised fourlayers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia or serosa.Microscopic examination of esophagus revealed that the mucosal layer lined with thin stratifiedsquamous keratinized epithelium tissue. The gastric mucosa lined by simple columnar epitheliumwith goblet cells.This study showed the positive reaction for periodic acid Schiff (PAS)stain in esophagus andstomach , when appear red purple colour for mucin in the mucosa layer for them .