This study was aimed to compare sanitary conditions by detection of hygiene statue of thechicken breast meat taken from license and unlicensed slaughterhouses. Differentmicrobiological indicators were measured to determine some traits of the local fresh chickenbreast meat during different storage periods under refrigeration and freezing temperature. Alltests were made in the post-graduate laboratories of Animal Sciences Department, College ofAgricultural sciences, University of Sulaimani. The microbial content of breast meat in this studyshowed that the TPC was increased from 3.63×104 to 8.56×104 CFU/gm meat and from 4.13×103to 9.33×103 CFU/gm meat for both unlicensed and license slaughterhouses respectively, thatstored at fridge temperature. In freezing storage, total bacterial count was fluctuated in allsamples of breast meats during 90 days of storage. The coliform bacteria count in breast meat forunlicensed slaughterhouse were increased from 7.65×103 to 1.14×104 CFU/gm meat and weresignificant differences (P≤0.05) in all storage periods at refrigeration temperature were found. Atfreezing temperature, coliform have found only in 0 and 15 days of storage for both unlicensedand licensed. For psychrotrophic bacteria, the count have increased after 6 days of refrigeratedstorage for both unlicensed and licensed slaughterhouses samples and significant differenceswere obtained in most storage periods, whereas the count have fluctuated after 90 days offreezing storage. In generally, the results microbial indicators were within the standard limits ofpermission, Coliform bacteria count revealed that the number was higher than the acceptablecount (more than 103 CFU/gm meat) in case of unlicensed samples.

This study was designed to assign the effectiveness of experimental epiphysiodesis withphemister technique on the epiphyseal plate of the longest bone in puppies.Eight puppies local breed male , aged between 1.5-2.5 mouths, and weighing 4-6 kg wereused .The animals were divided into two groups ;-The first group was treated in the proximaltibia of epiphyseal plate .with epiphysiodesis and second group treated in the distal tibial ofepiphyseal plate . All animals observed clinically and radiographically for 3 months postoperation .The animal was anesthetized by giving pre-medication with atropin sulphat .0.04mg/kg B.wintramuscullary after 10 minute injection of a mixture of xylazine Hcl 5 mg/kg B.w andketamine Hcl 15 mg/kg B.w .An incision from medial aspectunder knee joint after that separatethe superficial digital flexor muscle and gastrocnemius muscle then remove the osteum by bluntobject . Also high exposure the distal tibia epiphyseal plate above the metatarsal joint. Whencomplete exposure the epiphyseal plate drilling with phemister technique called epiphysiodesis.The clinical and radiographaical results show in two groups the treated limb supporting andcarry the weight in normal position , lameness ,in two days after operation , then disappear forone , two months according the lameness appear again after one and two months of operationin second and first group respectively .The conclusions of this study the epiphysiodesis is very important to correct the deformity oflimb lengthening and shortening in dogs

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of chitosan in the immunopathology of osteomyelitis in diabetic rabbits; therefore, the experimental design was carried out on 40 rabbits. They were  divided into 5 groups each of 8 animals, diabetes mellitus was induced in rabbits , then infected by Staphylococcus aureus and treated as following: First group (G1) was induced diabetes mellitus then immunized by whole sonicated S. aureus antigens (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis. The second group (G2) was induced diabetes mellitus, then immunized by (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Third group (G3) was induced diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis only. Fourth group (G4) was induction of diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Fifth group (G5) was induced experimentally osteomyelitis only without diabetes mellitus induction. Then at day 28th - 30th post immunization, skin test was performed to each of the immunized groups, and at day 30th the antibodies titer was measured by passive hemagglutination assay and phagocytic activity, then the animals were sacrificed and the treated bone taken for histopathological examination. In the present study , a significant increase was noted in the value of skin thickness of G2 at 48 and 72 hrs PI.  A significant increase was also noted in the value of antibodies titers of G2. We also showed a marked decrease   in the t1/2 of carbon clearance of G2. The histopathological results of G2 showed normal periosteal surface and compact bone with active osteoblasts lining the trabecular bones 30 days PI. However, other groups showed many histopathological lesions like infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in G1, G3, and G4.The results also showed necrotic bone, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in G5. Taken together, these findings indicate that the chitosan had a beneficial effect in bone healing of diabetic animals after infection in S. aureus.

  About 50 samples were collected from November 2016 to March 2017 in city of Basra , from healthy farm animals  the samples were taken from feces and rumen of animals  at  different age ( male and female) and study the antibiotics susceptibility for  five different antibiotics.                  . (six) isolates (12%) of  salmonella spp were identified by using selective media ( xylose medium and macConky agar), The identification of this bacteria was achieved by using morphological and biochemical characterization (Api20 E system). The total isolation was four samples (20%) from healthy goats, (10%) from sheep and (10%) from cows.All isolates are resistant for ampicillines and Bacitracin ,penicillines but of sensitivity to other antibiotics.  

The effect of quercetin derivative (1-(-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4 H –chromen-4-ylidene) thiourea coded (QTU)  on the hematological profile of Wistar rats induced toxicity with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated. Administration intraperitoneal injection of 12.5 mg /kg and 25mg/kg of quercetin derivative (QTU), after four weeks of being exposed to CCl4, led to a  significant decrease  (p<0.05) in WBC count, with a corresponding increase on PCV and Hb. It was also observed that the functional recovery of these blood indices is concentration dependent.  Results of this study revealed a depletion of RBC and a decrease in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb), In addition, an elevation in the levels of White Blood Cell (WBC) caused by CCl4 compared to control samples. 

The current study aims to evaluate the effect of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) on the toxicity of lead acetate in wild pigeons Rock Doves (Columba livia gaddi) on body weight and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Forty healthy adults of both sexes Rock Dove pigeons were randomly selected and categorized into four groups, A,B,C, and D. Group A (control group), were fed on a balanced ration, group B, were administered lead acetate 72 mg/kg body weight orally, group C orally administered with an aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) 300 mg/kg body weight, and group D were orally administered with 72 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate and 300 mg/kg body weight of the  aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus). These materials were administered daily and for the whole study period which extended to 28 days. Results showed that lead acetate alone caused significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the body weight, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, PCV% and triglycerides, while there were a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in total leukocyte count, heterophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, glucose, uric acid, and AST and ALT activities. On the other hand, combined treatment with Iraqi sweet almond and lead acetate to members of group (D) caused significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, PCV% and lymphocytes, and  significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in cholesterol and uric acid, while no significant differences in triglyceride and AST and ALT activities. The present finding concludes that adding of Iraqi sweet almond has significant effects on certain hematological and biochemical properties of Rock Dove pigeons (Columba livia gaddi) affected by administering lead.

    This study was done on thirty mature male rabbits of 1500 gm mean body weight, those rabbits were randomly divided into three equal experimental  groups of ten animals each .The first group was regarded as control group and drenched 3 ml normal saline daily for one month. The second group animals were drenched 3ml of licorice root water extract daily for one month also. While the third group animals were drenched 3ml of water extract of oregano daily for one month also. At the end of the drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals by heart puncture and blood was analyzed for total RBC count; Hb %; pcv%; total leukocytic  count and blood indices of MCH; MCV, and MCHC were calculated in addition to doing blood smears from each animal to estimate percentages of differential leukocytic count. Results revealed that drenching licorice water extract had a significant increase  (p<0.05) on total RBC count;  total WBC count and neutrophils also, significant decrease in MCHC and eosinophil, whereas results of drenching water extract of Oreganum vulgari caused  significant increase on total leukocytic count , MCV and  neutrophil  while RBC had no significant effect so, PCV, Hb, had no effect in the two experimental.

The study was performed on twelve white rats of approximately of the same body weight ( 200-220 gms). It divided equally into four groups. The 1st group was injected with (10mg/kg B.W) arsenic chloride intraperitoneally, 2nd group was injected with (10mg/kg B.W) arsenic chloride intraperitoneally and (3 mg/ml) myrtle extracts. The 3rd group was normal to control, rats treated orally with(3 mg/ml) myrtle extract only .4th group was injected with (0.2ml) distal water as a control group. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and small specimens(2cm³) were taken from brain to histopathology preparation. The microscopic examination of histopathological sections of the brain of the the1st group was showed severe pathological changes characterized by an area of degeneration, vacuolation of microglia &pyknosis of a neuron also there are edema&hemorrhage.On the other hand, the 2ndgroup showed less pathological changes compared by the 1st group which characterized by less gliosis, less vaculation of microglia with few numbers of astrocyte. The neuron showed normal. while, the 3rd and 4th groups  showed normal neurons, microglial, and astrocyte  

Current study was conducted in 13 floating cages located in Shatt Al-Arab River bank at Al-Hartha District. Common carp Cyprinuscarpio of different weights (290-1700 gm) and numbers (400-1047) fish/cage was cultivated in these cages. Observation was also taken from earthen pond at the same location cultivated with common carp, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and grass carp Ctenopharyngodonidella. Results showed that water temperature range between 30-35 0C  during May-June, 2015 and a range of 36- 38 0C during July-August, 2015 in floating cages, while in earthen pond there were 1 0C more. Salinity don’t differ too much during experiment and range between 1.5-3 ppt. Results of earthen pond revealed no fish mortality during experiment for three species cultivated in this pond. Results appeared that fish mortality during May-June don’t largely differed and its ranged between 0.709%-1.861% and there weren’t any relationship between fish mortality and fish weight. Different fish mortality during July-August which ranged between 3.88% for average fish weight of 400 g and total fish mass of 412 kg  and 14.75% for average fish weight of 1700 g and total fish mass of 680 kg. Significant correlation (r=0.86) was found between average fish weight and fish mortality.Significant correlation (r=0.72) was also found between total fish weight and fish mortality. From previous results we concluded that there were positive relationship between fish mortality and fish weight during July-August.

  The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea and persistently infected (PI) animals at Nineveh province ,Iraq,  using antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) test and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR technique) as a diagnostic tool and to determine BVDV genotypes, However, investigation of some epidemiological risk factors associated with occurrence of disease was also encountered. The study was started from January to August, 2017. A total of 494 cattle ear notches (112 adult cows, 30 younger calves and 352 young beeflot calves) was sampled and tested. For investigating of the persistently infected animals, The positive cattle were screened for a second time after four weeks from the first sampling, Moreover, epidemiological data collected through interview with the farmer s’ owner. Furthermore, The 5-Untranslated rejoin (5’ UTR gene) of BVDV extracted from ear notch were used to determine the  genotypes of the virus. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of BVD in Nineveh province based on AC-ELISA and multiplex PCR technique was 5.46% and 13.96%,  respectively.Moreover,  the prevalence of PI in cattle was 0.8% for each test. According to Kappa value (0.457), it has been found that, the multiplex PCR is highly efficient for diagnosis of BVDV in cattle than AC-ELISA test. It was indicated that both  BVDV1 and BVDV2 were detected in Nineveh province at (12.95%, 1.01%) respectively. Results were also indicated that the cattle ages, genders, breeds, importation, large herd size, regions and the seasons were significantly associated with higher prevalence of BVD. It has been concluded that BVD is an endemic disease in Nineveh province, However,  at several factors could assist for its spreading. Moreover, two genotypes were detected, BVDV1 and BVDV2.Therefore, control programs as well as early detection of PI animals should advised, and have the priority.