The rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology is becoming a possible source for humanexposure to nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) is one of an importantnanoparticle which has been widely manufactured in developed processes for several years. Theaim of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2-NPs on some biochemical parameters andthe renal histopathology alterations in adult Wistar rats. 63 male rats were used and treated withdifferent doses (0.5, 5, 50, 1.5, 15, 150 mg/kg) of TiO2-NPs (21 nm) twice a week for 4 weeks.Each group separated into three subgroups then sacrificed at 4 days, month and 3 months postintratracheal instillation. The IL-10 and MCP-1 estimation in BALF and histopathologicalexamination of kidney were done. The results showed serve histological alteration in renal elementspost 4 days post-instillation, which got an increase in a month post instillation as the concentrationof MCP-1 and IL-10 increased in BAlF and in lung tissues homogenate. The histopathologicalexamination revealed decreasing in glomeruli number in cortex of the kidneys with hemorrhage andinflammatory cells infiltration at 4 days post-instillation while after a month of instillation, thechanges like swelling, dilatation of Bowman's capsule and degeneration changes in renal tubuleswere observed. At 3 months post-instillation, some regeneration in renal elements were observed.

The aim of current study was investigate the isolation of Cryptosporidium oocystsfrom 93 fecal samples of infected slaughtered broiler chicken in local markets ofsome areas in Baghdad city, during the period from the beginning of November 2017to end of April 2018. In this study three diagnostic techniques used, flotation bySheather's sugar solution, isolation and measuring of Cryptosporidium oocysts (byocular micrometer). For conform that the isolated species of the parasite from infectedcases belong to the Cryptosporidium baileyi, experimental infection done in, broilerchicken chicks aged one week to study the histopathological lesion in infected organs(intestinal, trachea, and bursa of Fabricius). The results of calibration of isolatedoocysts, showed that the mean of measurement size of Cryptosporidium oocysts was6.2x 4.7 micrometers.

The present study was designed to determine the adverse effect of sodium benzoate(SB), vitamin C (Vit.C) alone and of their combination on reproductive functions inrabbits. Thirty-six adult male rabbits were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group1 (Control group) received orally distal water, group 2: Vit.C (200mg/kg BW/day)received orally, group 3: received orally SB (60 mg/kg BW/day), group 4: received orallySB (120 mg/kg BW/day). Group 5: received orally SB+Vit.C (60+200 mg/ kg BW/day)and group 6: received orally SB+Vit.C (120+200 mg/ kg BW/day). The result revealed asignificant decrease in serum testosterone concentrations in all treated groups ascompared with Vit.C and control group. Significant differences were observed in spermconcentration, viability, abnormality and significant decrease in sperm motility in groupstreated with combination of SB and Vit.C as compared with control. A significantimprovement in sperm concentration, sperm motility, viability and abnormality in G2(Vit.C) group compared with all-treated groups. Histopathological changes in testiculartissues in groups treated with SB+Vit.C showed marked vacuolation and degeneration ofseminiferous tubules, with arresting of spermatogenesis.

This study was aimed to compare sanitary conditions by detection of hygiene statue of thechicken breast meat taken from license and unlicensed slaughterhouses. Differentmicrobiological indicators were measured to determine some traits of the local fresh chickenbreast meat during different storage periods under refrigeration and freezing temperature. Alltests were made in the post-graduate laboratories of Animal Sciences Department, College ofAgricultural sciences, University of Sulaimani. The microbial content of breast meat in this studyshowed that the TPC was increased from 3.63×104 to 8.56×104 CFU/gm meat and from 4.13×103to 9.33×103 CFU/gm meat for both unlicensed and license slaughterhouses respectively, thatstored at fridge temperature. In freezing storage, total bacterial count was fluctuated in allsamples of breast meats during 90 days of storage. The coliform bacteria count in breast meat forunlicensed slaughterhouse were increased from 7.65×103 to 1.14×104 CFU/gm meat and weresignificant differences (P≤0.05) in all storage periods at refrigeration temperature were found. Atfreezing temperature, coliform have found only in 0 and 15 days of storage for both unlicensedand licensed. For psychrotrophic bacteria, the count have increased after 6 days of refrigeratedstorage for both unlicensed and licensed slaughterhouses samples and significant differenceswere obtained in most storage periods, whereas the count have fluctuated after 90 days offreezing storage. In generally, the results microbial indicators were within the standard limits ofpermission, Coliform bacteria count revealed that the number was higher than the acceptablecount (more than 103 CFU/gm meat) in case of unlicensed samples.

This study was designed to assign the effectiveness of experimental epiphysiodesis withphemister technique on the epiphyseal plate of the longest bone in puppies.Eight puppies local breed male , aged between 1.5-2.5 mouths, and weighing 4-6 kg wereused .The animals were divided into two groups ;-The first group was treated in the proximaltibia of epiphyseal plate .with epiphysiodesis and second group treated in the distal tibial ofepiphyseal plate . All animals observed clinically and radiographically for 3 months postoperation .The animal was anesthetized by giving pre-medication with atropin sulphat .0.04mg/kg B.wintramuscullary after 10 minute injection of a mixture of xylazine Hcl 5 mg/kg B.w andketamine Hcl 15 mg/kg B.w .An incision from medial aspectunder knee joint after that separatethe superficial digital flexor muscle and gastrocnemius muscle then remove the osteum by bluntobject . Also high exposure the distal tibia epiphyseal plate above the metatarsal joint. Whencomplete exposure the epiphyseal plate drilling with phemister technique called epiphysiodesis.The clinical and radiographaical results show in two groups the treated limb supporting andcarry the weight in normal position , lameness ,in two days after operation , then disappear forone , two months according the lameness appear again after one and two months of operationin second and first group respectively .The conclusions of this study the epiphysiodesis is very important to correct the deformity oflimb lengthening and shortening in dogs

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of chitosan in the immunopathology of osteomyelitis in diabetic rabbits; therefore, the experimental design was carried out on 40 rabbits. They were  divided into 5 groups each of 8 animals, diabetes mellitus was induced in rabbits , then infected by Staphylococcus aureus and treated as following: First group (G1) was induced diabetes mellitus then immunized by whole sonicated S. aureus antigens (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis. The second group (G2) was induced diabetes mellitus, then immunized by (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Third group (G3) was induced diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis only. Fourth group (G4) was induction of diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Fifth group (G5) was induced experimentally osteomyelitis only without diabetes mellitus induction. Then at day 28th - 30th post immunization, skin test was performed to each of the immunized groups, and at day 30th the antibodies titer was measured by passive hemagglutination assay and phagocytic activity, then the animals were sacrificed and the treated bone taken for histopathological examination. In the present study , a significant increase was noted in the value of skin thickness of G2 at 48 and 72 hrs PI.  A significant increase was also noted in the value of antibodies titers of G2. We also showed a marked decrease   in the t1/2 of carbon clearance of G2. The histopathological results of G2 showed normal periosteal surface and compact bone with active osteoblasts lining the trabecular bones 30 days PI. However, other groups showed many histopathological lesions like infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in G1, G3, and G4.The results also showed necrotic bone, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in G5. Taken together, these findings indicate that the chitosan had a beneficial effect in bone healing of diabetic animals after infection in S. aureus.

  About 50 samples were collected from November 2016 to March 2017 in city of Basra , from healthy farm animals  the samples were taken from feces and rumen of animals  at  different age ( male and female) and study the antibiotics susceptibility for  five different antibiotics.                  . (six) isolates (12%) of  salmonella spp were identified by using selective media ( xylose medium and macConky agar), The identification of this bacteria was achieved by using morphological and biochemical characterization (Api20 E system). The total isolation was four samples (20%) from healthy goats, (10%) from sheep and (10%) from cows.All isolates are resistant for ampicillines and Bacitracin ,penicillines but of sensitivity to other antibiotics.  

The effect of quercetin derivative (1-(-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4 H –chromen-4-ylidene) thiourea coded (QTU)  on the hematological profile of Wistar rats induced toxicity with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated. Administration intraperitoneal injection of 12.5 mg /kg and 25mg/kg of quercetin derivative (QTU), after four weeks of being exposed to CCl4, led to a  significant decrease  (p<0.05) in WBC count, with a corresponding increase on PCV and Hb. It was also observed that the functional recovery of these blood indices is concentration dependent.  Results of this study revealed a depletion of RBC and a decrease in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb), In addition, an elevation in the levels of White Blood Cell (WBC) caused by CCl4 compared to control samples. 

The current study aims to evaluate the effect of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) on the toxicity of lead acetate in wild pigeons Rock Doves (Columba livia gaddi) on body weight and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Forty healthy adults of both sexes Rock Dove pigeons were randomly selected and categorized into four groups, A,B,C, and D. Group A (control group), were fed on a balanced ration, group B, were administered lead acetate 72 mg/kg body weight orally, group C orally administered with an aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus) 300 mg/kg body weight, and group D were orally administered with 72 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate and 300 mg/kg body weight of the  aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus). These materials were administered daily and for the whole study period which extended to 28 days. Results showed that lead acetate alone caused significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the body weight, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, PCV% and triglycerides, while there were a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in total leukocyte count, heterophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, glucose, uric acid, and AST and ALT activities. On the other hand, combined treatment with Iraqi sweet almond and lead acetate to members of group (D) caused significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, PCV% and lymphocytes, and  significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in cholesterol and uric acid, while no significant differences in triglyceride and AST and ALT activities. The present finding concludes that adding of Iraqi sweet almond has significant effects on certain hematological and biochemical properties of Rock Dove pigeons (Columba livia gaddi) affected by administering lead.

    This study was done on thirty mature male rabbits of 1500 gm mean body weight, those rabbits were randomly divided into three equal experimental  groups of ten animals each .The first group was regarded as control group and drenched 3 ml normal saline daily for one month. The second group animals were drenched 3ml of licorice root water extract daily for one month also. While the third group animals were drenched 3ml of water extract of oregano daily for one month also. At the end of the drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals by heart puncture and blood was analyzed for total RBC count; Hb %; pcv%; total leukocytic  count and blood indices of MCH; MCV, and MCHC were calculated in addition to doing blood smears from each animal to estimate percentages of differential leukocytic count. Results revealed that drenching licorice water extract had a significant increase  (p<0.05) on total RBC count;  total WBC count and neutrophils also, significant decrease in MCHC and eosinophil, whereas results of drenching water extract of Oreganum vulgari caused  significant increase on total leukocytic count , MCV and  neutrophil  while RBC had no significant effect so, PCV, Hb, had no effect in the two experimental.