OBJECTIVE To assess effects of nitrogen and helium on efficacy of an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) for improving pulmonary mechanics and oxygen exchange in anesthetized horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Horses were anesthetized twice in a randomized crossover study. Isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency were ventilated with 30% oxygen and 70% nitrogen (treatment N) or heliox (30% oxygen and 70% helium; treatment H) as carrier gas. After 60 minutes, an ARM was performed. Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure was identified and maintained for 120 minutes. Throughout the experiment, arterial blood pressures, heart rate, peak inspiratory pressure, dynamic compliance (C(dyn)), and Pao(2) were measured. Variables were compared with baseline values and between treatments by use of an ANOVA. RESULTS The ARM resulted in significant increases in Pao(2) and C(dyn) and decreases in the alveolar-arterial gradient in the partial pressure of oxygen in all horses. After the ARM and during the subsequent 120-minute phase, mean values were significantly lower for treatment N than treatment H for Pao2 and C(dyn). Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure was consistently 15 cm H(2)O for treatment N, but it was 10 cm H(2)O (4 horses) and 15 cm H(2)O (2 horses) for treatment H.

The objective of this study was to assess veterinarians' understanding of nutraceutical use in humans and companion animals and their motivation and circumstances for recommending nutraceuticals to clients. We administered a cross-sectional survey to veterinarians attending continuing education sessions at the University of Georgia (USA) College of Veterinary Medicine from 2012 to 2015 (N = 126). Information regarding veterinarians' age, year of graduation, practice focus, and typical approaches to nutraceutical use was compiled from the returned surveys. The results indicated that veterinarians are more familiar with nutraceutical use in animals than in humans and primarily recommend nutraceuticals to their clients for preventative purposes and/or due to client interest. Veterinarians believed that nutraceuticals were most useful for osteoarthritis and therefore use omega-3 fatty acid and glucosamine/chondroitin products more often than other products for both their patients and their own pets. Safety and efficacy were the most important considerations when deciding which nutraceuticals to recommend to clients. The survey results show that veterinarians are familiar with nutraceuticals and open to their use in patients when they perceive these products to be safe and efficacious.

 This study was conducted at poultry house in the Veterinary medicine college,University of Basrah ,with period 1/11/2017 - 5/12/2017 .The present work aimedto evaluate the effect of using three types of drinking water on broiler chicksperformance and some blood traits .A total of 90 Ross strain broiler chicks, one dayold, used in this study. The chicks were randomly distributed into three groups; 30chicks for each group with three replicate of each group .The treated groups T1(chicks drinking Tab water ) ,T2 chicks drinking magnetically treated water by device1500 Gauss , and T3chicks drinking RO water .The present study , showedsignificant effect (p<0.05) in live body weight ,weight gain, feed conversion ratioand feed intake of treated groups(T2 &T3) compared with T1 (control group) , Alsothe current study showed significantly rise (p<0.05) on RBC,WBC,HB and PCV ratio in T2 and T3 compared with T1(tab water)  

This study was undertaken to isolate alkaloids from Haloxylon Salicornicum plant to show the curative effect after short-term daily orall administration for 10 days (300 mg/Kg B.W.) on gastric ulcer,hematological parameters and some biochemical parameters in gastric ulceration rabbits induced by indomethacin.Moreover,some qualitative chemical analysis,thin layer chromatography,UVspectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify alkaloid compound .Rabbits were divided randomly into three groups,6 rabbits in each.Group one received 3 ml normal saline orally (control group).Group two was treated with indomethacin (75 mg/Kg B.W.) (gastric ulceration group).Third group gastric ulceration rabbits post-treated with isolated alkaloid (300 mg/Kg B.W.).The results of the present study indicated that isolated alkaloid has Rf= 0.86,high significant decreased (p≤0.001) in RBC,Hb,PCVand mucin,(P ≤ 0.01) in MCHC and PH,no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in MCH in gastric ulceration rabbits compared with control group and observed high significant increased (p≤0.001) in MCV, MDA and gastric juce volume,WBCcount appeared high significant increased (P≤0.01).While, observed high significant increased(P≤ 0.001) in Hb,PCVand mucin,(P≤ 0.01) in RBC,MCHC and pH.Significant increased(P≤0.05) in MCH after treated with isolated alkaloid and high significantly decrease (P ≤ 0.001)in MCV,gastric juce volume and MDA   and significant decrease (p≤0.05) inWBC count compared with gastric ulceration group .This study concluded that isolated alkaloid from Haloxylon Salicoricum plant can be used to treat gastric ulcer effectively .   

The study designed to investigates the anatomical and histological structures of the thymus gland in broiler chick embryos.  Ten healthy, normal embryos at 12th and 20th days old chick embryos was used, divided into five embryos for each age. The thymus was well developed at 12th day chick embryo, Anatomically consisted of 6-8 lobes which are similar in both sides .small, translucent bean shaped lobes that became pale in color at 20th day old embryo, these lobes located in both sides of the neck, positioned parallel to the jugular vein and vagus nerve.               Histological structures of thymus gland were composed of capsule, cortex and medulla.  At 12th day old of chick embryo the thymus was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule, which septa extends into the gland stroma to form a lobulation for each lobe, the cortex and medulla was not differentiated at this age. At 20th day old chicks embryo, the lobules start to recognize and composed of external dark stained cortex with a high population of lymphocytes and internal light stained medulla with less abundant of lymphocytes , reticular fiber and epithelial reticular cells with the appearance of Hassall's corpuscles.

Postpartum an estrus in cows is regarded as one of the most important causes of functional infertility after parturition during reproductive lifespan. Therefor the present study was conducted to induce fertile estrus in anestrus cows which suffered from inactive ovaries (IO) or persistent corpus luteum(PCL) after parturition. The results of current study showed the efficiency of using GnRH or FSH as a hormonal medication to induce fertile estrus with pregnancy which reach 71.42 and 72.22 % respectively, as well as decreasing the length of days open (DO) to lesser than 150 day in both programs in 70.00 and 76.92 % respectively from induced estrus cows. Also the results revealed that the role of PGF2α in induction of fertile estrus with 83.33% of pregnancy in cows which suffered from postpartum PCL and decrease the length of DO in 80.00% from induced estrus cows. The present study improved the efficacy of uterine massage (UM) through rectal palpation to treat cases of PCL in postpartum anestrus cows with 71.42% of pregnancy, and its effect to decrease the length of DO in 60.00% from induced estrus cows.  

Ticks are an important external parasite have a mechanical affect through an imbibing blood of the host and transferring a pathogenic bacteria or a virus. The present  study was focusing on the isolation of bacteria from the ticks parasitized cattle in north of Basra city,This study was conducted in north of Basrah (Qurna district) from February to July 2017Atotal number of 80cattle parasitized with ticks were samplesIsolated ticks were identified as Hyalomma to recognize what types of bacteria might be existed in these ticks, some of the cultures and biochemical tests were used. As a consequence, Staphylococcus aureus being identified in 14 of cattle sampled that infected with ticks. Regarded to present study, Staphylococcus aureusis one of the most pathogenic bacteria that can have an  impact on an animal health production and  this study that conducted from little studies in Iraq especially in Basrah about diagnosis of bacterial infection from Ticks.  

The present study was designed to evaluate the probable ameliorative effect of dandelion extract against doxorubicin hemato-cardiotoxicity. To accomplish this study, four groups of male albino rats (n=7) were used as follow, Group I: served as a control group, Group II: received dandelion extract (200 mg/ kg), Group III: received doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) and Group IV: received dandelion extract and doxorubicin identically to groups II and III. Doxorubicin was administrated 3times/week for two consecutive weeks, while dandelion extract was administrated daily for two consecutive weeks before doxorubicin administration and continued during doxorubicin treatment. The results illuminated that, administration of doxorubicin has a deleterious effect on both of blood cellular components and cardiac tissues, which was indicated by significant pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cell types), elevated serum cardiac enzymes activity (CK-MB and LDH), increased serum level of cardiacrelated proteins (troponin I, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) with a depletion of cardiac tissues antioxidant (GSH, and SOD enzyme) and elevated lipid peroxide (MDA) level in this tissues. Coadministration of dandelion extract with doxorubicin significantly alleviated its hemato-cardiotoxic effect which was reflected positively on hematobiochemical changes and cardiac histopathological alterations.

E. coli infections in avian species are an economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. The spread of MDR bacteria has been recognized as an increasing problem in the veterinary and medical fields. The current study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial patterns of avian Pathogenic E. coli isolated from broiler chickens. Results of in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that E. coli isolates were more sensitive to imipenem only (72.4%). On the other hand, they were highly resistant to most of used antimicrobials including ciprofloxacin (95.9%), amikacin (94.9%), cefotaxime sodium (92.9%), gentamicin (89.9%), cefotriaxone (89.9%), topramycin (87.8%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprime (85.7%), ceftazidim (84.7%). Also, they were resistant to cefoprazone (79.9%), doxycycline (72.4%) and amoxycillin/clavulinic acid (69.4%). All the tested isolates of E. coli (100%) were multi drug resistant (MDR). PCR was applied on 15 MDR E. coli isolates to determine 4 genes responsible for antibiotic resistance included ampC, blaCTX, blaSHV and tetA (A). The results revealed that that ampC and blaCTX genes were the most prevalent found in all isolates (100%) while tetA (A) and blaSHV genes were harbored in 14 isolates (93.3%).

Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of chickens, resulting in significant losses. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of E. coli infections in broiler chickens detecting their phenotypic characters such as Congo red binding activity, serum resistance and proteolytic activities. Samples were collected from 297 broiler chickens of different ages from different farms in El-Fayoum Governorate during the period from April 2017 up to March 2018. Bacteriological examination showed that 98 E. coli isolates were recovered with a prevalence rate of 33%. Results of Congo red binding activity and serum resistance revealed that all E. coli isolates (100%) showed Congo red binding activity and survive for 1 and 6 hrs and grown for 18 hrs in the presence of serum. Results of proteolytic activity revealed that 43 E. coli isolates (43.9%) were able to digest casein of skimmed milk while 16 isolates (16.3%) were positive for gelatin liquefaction test.