O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar as alterações histopatológicas e detectar por imunoistoquímica, a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania no sistema nervoso central de cães com e sem sintomatologia neurológica da doença. Foram utilizados dois grupos de animais; o primeiro foi composto de 18 cães com leishmaniose visceral sem evidência clínica de envolvimento neurológico, e o segundo, composto de 21 cães com leishmaniose visceral e sintomas neurológicos. As mais freqüentes alterações histopatológicas encontradas no sistema nervoso central de cães de ambos os grupos foram degeneração neuronal com neuronofagia, gliose, leptomeningite, congestão vascular, presença de infiltrado linfoplasmocitário perivascular e áreas de microhemorragia. Não foram observadas marcações antigênicas para formas amastigotas de Leishmania em nenhum fragmento do sistema nervoso central de cães de ambos os grupos; entretanto, a maioria deles apresentava marcação em parede de vasos sangüíneos, o que sugere a presença de antígenos parasitários circulantes. | The present study aimed to characterize the histopathological alterations and to detect, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania in CNS tissue of dogs with and without neurological clinical signs of the disease. Two groups of animals were used: the first was composed of 18 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis without clinical evidence of neurological involvement, and the second, composed of 21 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and neurological symptoms. The most frequent histopathological alterations found in the CNS of dogs of both groups were neuronal degeneration with neuronophagia, gliosis, leptomeningitis, vascular congestion, presence of perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and areas of focal microhemorrhage. Antigen labeling for whole forms of Leishmania amastigotes was not observed in any fragment of the CNS of the dogs of either groups; however, most of them presented labeling of blood vessels walls, which suggests the presence of circulating parasite antigens.

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus é uma espécie de parasito pulmonar que infecta preferencialmente gatos domésticos. Seu ciclo biológico é indireto, utilizando moluscos como hospedeiros intermediários, e diversos hospedeiros paratênicos que auxiliam na sua dispersão. A infecção pode ser assintomática ou cursar com sinais clínicos pulmonares inespecíficos. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado pela demonstração de larvas nas fezes dos pacientes, lavado bronqueal ou por necrópsia. O tratamento ainda não está definido, entretanto, a droga mais recomendada é a ivermectina. O presente trabalho descreve as lesões anatomopatológicas encontradas nos pulmões de um felino doméstico, submetido à necropsia de rotina no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Fluminense. | Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a lungworm that affects mainly domestic cats. It has an indirect life cicle, with molluscans as intermediate hosts and a large variety of auxiliary hosts that play an important role on its dispersion on the environment. Infection can be asymptomatic or unspecific pulmonary signs can be detected. Diagnosis can be made by recovering larvae from faeces, bronchoalveolar lavage or necropsy. Treatment still has to be defined, but ivermectin is the most recommended drug. This present work describes histopathologic lesions found in lungs of a domestic cat, observed in a routine necropsy at the Pathology Department of Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Este estudo teve como objetivo acompanhar o processo de desenvolvimento testicular desde a fase indiferenciada até sua completa formação. Embriões e fetos de vacas da raça nelore (Bos taurus indicus) foram obtidos em frigoríficos próximos à cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. As gônadas dos fetos e os embriões foram fixados em bouin e processados para microscópica óptica convencional. A gônada foi observada primeiramente em um embrião de 1,0 cm de comprimento. Em embriões com 2,5 cm a presença da albugínea permite a identificação do sexo. A espessura média da albugínea variou de 29,08 a 558,46 mm. Gradativamente, observou-se aumento da vascularização da albugínea e do parênquima. O mediastino encontrava-se localizado centralmente. Houve uma diminuição no espaço ocupado pelos cordões testiculares de 63,71 para 41,99% do volume total dos testículos. O seu diâmetro variou de 31,68 a 48,80 mm. O diâmetro das células germinativas (e dos seus núcleos) foi de 12,27(6,65) a 16,95 (14,21) mm, respectivamente. A quantidade de células germinativas por corte transversal de cordão diminuiu de um máximo de 2,80 para 0,76. O número total de células germinativas foi de 16 no princípio da colonização da gônada para 18,32 x 10(6) no final do estudo. O número de células de Sertoli por corte transversal de cordão variou de 10,00 a 16,25. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a origem e a formação dos testículos nos embriões e fetos de vacas da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) ocorre de forma muito semelhante ao do que é descrito para Bos taurus taurus. | The aim of this study was to accompany the process of testicular development from the non-differentiable phase to its complete formation. Embryos and fetuses of Nelore breed cows (Bos Taurus indicus) were obtained in slaughterhouses near the Uberlandia city, Minas Gerais. The gonads and the embryos were fixed in Bouin's fixative and afterwards processed for conventional optical microscopy. The gonadal was observed firstly in a 1.0 cm long embryo. In 2.5 cm long embryos the presence of the albuginea allows the sex identification. The mean thickness of the albuginea ranged from 29.08 to 558.45 mm. Gradually increase of vascularization of the albuginea and parenchyma is observed. The mediastinum is located centrally. There was a decrease in the space occupied by the testicular cords, from 63.71 to 41.99% of the total testes volume. Its diameter ranged from 31.68 to 48.80 mm. The diameter of germinal cells (and their nuclei) was from 12.27 (6.65) to 16.95 914.21) mm. The quantity of germinal cells by cross section of cord decreased from a maximum of 2.80 to 0.76. The total number of germinal cells was from 16 at the beginning of colonization of the gonad to 18.32 x 10(6) at the end of the study. The number of Sertoli's cells by cross section of cord ranged from 10.00 to 16.25. The results obtained show that the origin and formation of testes in embryos and fetuses from Nelore breed cows (Bos taurus indicus) does occur in a very similar way to what is described for Bos taurus taurus.

O estudo referente à formação do sistema venoso portal (VP) em chinchila (Chinchilla lanigera) foi obtido através da análise de 10 animais dos quais o sistema porta extra-hepático sofreu injeção de látex corado, seguidos de dissecação em estereolupa. Logo após foram confeccionados esquemas a partir dos resultados observados, onde se averiguou que a VP é originada sempre através da confluência de duas raízes. A primeira destas raízes é o tronco mesentérico comum (TM), formado a partir da união das veias mesentérica cranial e mesentérica caudal. O TM recebe ainda como tributárias as veias pancreaticoduodenal cranial e gastroepiplóica direita. A segunda raiz, que apresenta menor calibre, é a veia lienal. Esta descrição foi observada em 100% dos espécimes mantendo-se constante, sugestionando que os resultados obtidos possam ser considerados como modelo padrão. | The study regarding the formation of the system portal vein (VP) in chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was obtained through the analysis of 10 specimens in which the extra-hepatic portal system suffered injection of red-faced latex, following by dissection in estereolupa. Thereafter outlines were made starting from the observed results, where it was discovered that VP is always originated from the confluence of two roots. The first of these roots is the truncus mesentericus communis (TM), formed from the union of the vena mesentericas cranialis and mesenterica caudalis. TM still receives as tax the vena pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis and gastroepiploica sinistra. The second root, with smaller caliber, is the vena lienalis. This description was observed in 100% of the specimens staying constant, suggesting that the obtained results can be considered as standard model.

A cross-sectional survey of ticks infesting sheep was conducted in Sennar State, Sudan. A total body collection of ticks was carried out at five localities Sennar town, Singa, Dinder, Abu Naama and Um Banein on two types of Desert sheep (Watish and Ashgar) on two farms at each locality at two monthly intervals for one year starting July 2002 to May 2003. Four tick genera and eight species were identified. They were Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus camicasi, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus guilhoni and Rhipicephalus muhsamae. A significant (P 0.05) seasonal pattern of activity was observed for A. lepidum and R. guilhoni with peak activity occurring during rainy seasons. The highest mean number of ticks (7.26 + 0.58) was recorded at Abu Naama, while the lowest mean (3.61 + 0.31) was recorded in Sennar. Watish type sheep carried significantly (P 0.05) more ticks than Ashgar type.

Tetrameres numida n. sp. from the proventriculus of Helmeted guinea fowls, Numida meleagris, in South Africa is described from eight male and four female specimens. The new species shares some characteristics with other Tetrameres species, but can be differentiated by a unique combination of characters. It bears two rows of cuticular spines extending over the whole length of the body and possesses two spicules. The left spicule measures 1 699-2 304 ?m and the right one 106-170 mm. Caudal spines are arranged in three ventral and three lateral pairs and the tail is 257-297 mm long. Diagnostic criteria of some of the previously described species of the genus Tetrameres from Africa and other parts of the world have been compiled from the literature and are included here.

Koch (1844) originally described only the male of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), which he named Rhipistoma ellipticum. For the past century, however, this name has been considered a junior synonym of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826), or a nomen nudum. We redescribe here the male and larva of H. (R.) elliptica and describe the female and nymph for the first time. Our redescription is based on the male holotype, plus numerous specimens from southern and East Africa. The adults of this tick parasitize domestic and wild carnivores, and the immature stages infest rodents in these regions. For comparative purposes redescriptions of all parasitic stages of H. (R.) leachi are provided. It parasitizes the same hosts as H. (R.) elliptica in Egypt, and in northeastern, Central, West and East Africa.

Krimpsiekte, a chronic form of cardiac glycoside poisoning, is an important plant-induced intoxication of small stock in South Africa. It is caused by cumulative, neurotoxic bufadienolides, such as cotyledoside. A cotyledoside-bovine serum albumin conjugate was synthesized to immunize animals. The efficacy of the cotyledoside-conjugate in inducing an immunological response was ascertained in rabbits (n = 4) and sheep (n = 4) by determining cotyledoside antibody titres with an ELISA using cotyledoside-hen ovalbumin as antigen. The formation of anticotyledoside antibodies was induced in both rabbits and sheep following immunization with the cotyledoside-protein conjugate. Protection provided by the vaccine was demonstrated by challenging sheep (n = 4) with repeated, daily doses of cotyledoside (0.015 mg / kg) administered intravenously, commencing 45 days after the initial vaccination. One control animal died on Day 3 of the challenge period and the other was severely affected after administration of the third cotyledoside dose. The immunized ewes (n = 2) remained clinically unaffected and the challenge was suspended following six daily injections. Vaccination as a means of preventing krimpsiekte seems to be quite feasible and deserves further investigation.

The objective of this study was to make an inventory of the ixodid tick species infesting wild animals in three western, semi-arid nature reserves in South Africa. To this end 22 animals in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, 10 in the West Coast National Park and 16 in the Karoo National Park were examined. Fourteen tick species were recovered, of which Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus exoph thalmos and Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum were each present in two reserves and the remainder only in one. The distributions of two of the 14 tick species recovered, namely Rhipicephalus capensis and Rhipicephalus neumanni, are virtually confined to the western semi-arid regions of southern Africa. Hyalomma truncatum, R. capensis and R. glabroscutatum were the most numerous of the ticks recovered, and eland, Taurotragus oryx, were the most heavily infested with the former two species and gemsbok, Oryx gazella, and mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula, with R. glabroscutatum.

Between January 1999 and December 2000 faecal samples from 16 264 cattle at 12 dipping sites in the highveld and nine in the lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe were examined for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode and cestodes eggs, and coccidia oocysts. Strongyle larvae were identified following culture of pooled faecal samples collected at monthly intervals. The effects of region, age, sex and season on the prevalence of GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts showed an overall prevalence of GI nematodes of 43 %, coccidia 19.8 % and cestodes 4.8 %. A significantly higher prevalence of infection with GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia was recorded in calves (P 0.01) than in adults. Pregnant and lactating cows had significantly higher prevalences than bulls, oxen and non-lactating (dry cows) (P 0.01). The general trend of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces and oocysts per gram (opg) of faeces was associated with the rainfall pattern in the two regions, with high epg and opg being recorded during the wet months. The most prevalent genera of GI nematodes were Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus in that order. Strongyloides papillosus was found exclusively in calves. Haemonchus was significantly more prevalent during the wet season than the dry season (P 0.01). In contrast, Trichostrongylus was present in significantly (P 0.01) higher numbers during the dry months than the wet months, while Cooperia and Oesophagostomum revealed no significant differences between the wet and dry season. These findings are discussed with reference to their relevance for strategic control of GI parasites in cattle in communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe.