Purpose. Development of scientific and applied foundations for the introduction, selection and use of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. to ensure food security in Ukraine. Methods. Subject of study – plants of the genus Physalis. The study was conducted in 2014–2018. on the introduction plots of the department of cultural flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine (NBG). The work used general scientific and special methods: field, introduction, biological and morphological; laboratory (chemical, biochemical), statistical (methods of analysis of variance and statistical estimation of average data using Microsoft Excel (2010). Results. The features of ontomorphogenesis were established, the biological and morphological parameters of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. were investigated under conditions of introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine. It was found that the content of dry matter in plant fruits varied from 10 to 18.34%, sugars – from 39.34 to 67.97%, tannins – 1.57 to 3.35% and carotene – from 0.200 to 0.583%, ascorbic acid – from 123.91 to 284.95 mg/100 g, depending on the species, varietal and shape characteristics. Conclusions. It was found that the introduced plant species of the genus Physalis in conditions of culture have four age periods and 10 developmental states: seeds (se), sprouts (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), generative (g), subsenilny (ss) and senile (se). Ph. ixocarpa ‘Likhtaryk’ of the NBG selection was distinguished among the studied introduced species in terms of biological and morphological parameters and biochemical composition. The obtained data can be used for further research and determining the prospects for the introduction of these introduced species into a wide culture

Purpose. Development of scientific and applied foundations for the introduction, selection and use of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. to ensure food security in Ukraine. Methods. Subject of study – plants of the genus Physalis. The study was conducted in 2014–2018. on the introduction plots of the department of cultural flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine (NBG). The work used general scientific and special methods: field, introduction, biological and morphological; laboratory (chemical, biochemical), statistical (methods of analysis of variance and statistical estimation of average data using Microsoft Excel (2010). Results. The features of ontomorphogenesis were established, the biological and morphological parameters of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. were investigated under conditions of introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine. It was found that the content of dry matter in plant fruits varied from 10 to 18.34%, sugars – from 39.34 to 67.97%, tannins – 1.57 to 3.35% and carotene – from 0.200 to 0.583%, ascorbic acid – from 123.91 to 284.95 mg/100 g, depending on the species, varietal and shape characteristics. Conclusions. It was found that the introduced plant species of the genus Physalis in conditions of culture have four age periods and 10 developmental states: seeds (se), sprouts (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), generative (g), subsenilny (ss) and senile (se). Ph. ixocarpa ‘Likhtaryk’ of the NBG selection was distinguished among the studied introduced species in terms of biological and morphological parameters and biochemical composition. The obtained data can be used for further research and determining the prospects for the introduction of these introduced species into a wide culture

Purpose. To study the expression of gus and gfp genes in callus explants of amphidiploid spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) after Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Methods. Winter spelt wheat of ‘Europa’ variety was chosen for transformation. Calli obtained from mature embryos were used as explants. Callus pre-cultivation was carried out on MS nutrient medium (Murashige–Skoog) supplemented with 2 mg/L 2.4-D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 10 mg/L silver nitrate. For genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn., strain GV3101 and a genetic construct with reporter genes beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used. Calli were transformed by inoculation with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration. Then they were co-cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/L 2.4-D and 10 mg/L AgNO3, but without antibiotics. The expression of the gus gene was checked by histochemical and the gfp gene by visual analysis (fluorescence of the GFP protein in UV light). Gfp and gus gene expression levels were evaluated using ImajeJ software. The integration of the gfp and gus genes into the spelt genome was verified by PCR. Results. Genetic transformation of spelt callus explants by inoculation in a nutrient medium with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration occurred at different frequencies. The level of expression of the gus gene during vacuum infiltration was 4.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.00 ± 0.91%; and the gfp gene with vacuum infiltration – 3.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.66 ± 1.39%. The level of expression of the gfp gene was higher when using inoculation with agrobacteria, and the gus gene was higher during vacuum infiltration. Using PCR analysis, the integration of the gfp and gus genes into the callus of spelt genome was confirmed. The length of the PCR product with primers for the gus gene was 240 bp, and 717 bp for the gfp gene. Conclusions. The use of vacuum infiltration and inoculation methods for spelt genetic transformation gave different results. The frequency of genetic transformation ranged from 3.66 to 4.66%. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of amphidiploid spelt wheat allows us to study the expression of gus and gfp reporter genes using callus explants derived from mature embryos

Purpose. To study the expression of gus and gfp genes in callus explants of amphidiploid spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) after Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Methods. Winter spelt wheat of ‘Europa’ variety was chosen for transformation. Calli obtained from mature embryos were used as explants. Callus pre-cultivation was carried out on MS nutrient medium (Murashige–Skoog) supplemented with 2 mg/L 2.4-D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 10 mg/L silver nitrate. For genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn., strain GV3101 and a genetic construct with reporter genes beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used. Calli were transformed by inoculation with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration. Then they were co-cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/L 2.4-D and 10 mg/L AgNO3, but without antibiotics. The expression of the gus gene was checked by histochemical and the gfp gene by visual analysis (fluorescence of the GFP protein in UV light). Gfp and gus gene expression levels were evaluated using ImajeJ software. The integration of the gfp and gus genes into the spelt genome was verified by PCR.Results. Genetic transformation of spelt callus explants by inoculation in a nutrient medium with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration occurred at different frequencies. The level of expression of the gus gene during vacuum infiltration was 4.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.00 ± 0.91%; and the gfp gene with vacuum infiltration – 3.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.66 ± 1.39%. The level of expression of the gfp gene was higher when using inoculation with agrobacteria, and the gus gene was higher during vacuum infiltration. Using PCR analysis, the integration of the gfp and gus genes into the callus of spelt genome was confirmed. The length of the PCR product with primers for the gus gene was 240 bp, and 717 bp for the gfp gene.Conclusions. The use of vacuum infiltration and inoculation methods for spelt genetic transformation gave different results. The frequency of genetic transformation ranged from 3.66 to 4.66%. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of amphidiploid spelt wheat allows us to study the expression of gus and gfp reporter genes using callus explants derived from mature embryos | Цель. Исследовать экспрессию генов gus и gfp в каллюсных эксплантах амфидиплоидной пшеницы спельты (Triticum spelta L.) после Agrobacterium-опосредованной генетической трансформации. Методы. Для трансформации был выбран сорт пшеницы спельты озимой ‘Европа’. В качестве эксплантов использовали каллюсы, полученные из зрелых зародышей. Для прекультивации каллюсов использовали питательную среду МС (Мурасиге–Скуга), дополненную 2 мг/л 2,4-Д (2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусная кислота) и 10 мг/л нитратом серебра. Для генетической трансформации использовали Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn., штамм GV3101, и генетическую конструкцию, содержащую репортерные гены gus (ген бета-глюкуронидазы) и gfp (ген зеленого флюоресцентного белка GFP). Каллюсы трансформировали путем инокуляции с агробактериями и вакуумной инфильтрацией. Далее их ко-культивировали на среде МС с 2 мг/л 2,4-Д и 10 мг/л AgNO3, но без антибиотиков. Экспрессию гена gus проверяли с помощью гисто­химического анализа, а гена gfp – визуального (флуоресценция белка GFP в UV свете). Уровни экспрессии генов gfp и gus оценивали с помощью программного обеспечения ImajeJ. Интеграцию генов gfp и gus в геном спельты проверяли методом ПЦР. Результаты. Генетическая трансформация каллюсных эксплантов спельты путём их инокуляции в питательной среде с агробактериями и вакуумной инфильтрацией происходила с разной частотой. Уровень экспрессии гена gus при вакуумной инфильтрации составил 4,66 ± 0,74%, а при инокуляции – 4,00 ± 0,91%, а гена gfp при вакуумной инфильтрации – 3,66 ± 0,74%, а при инокуляции – 4,66 ± 1,39%. Уровень экспресии гена gfp был выше в случае использования инокуляции с агробактериями, а гена gus – при вакуумной инфильтрации. При помощи ПЦР анализа была подтверждена интеграция генов gfp и gus в геном каллюсов спельты. Длина ПЦР продукта с праймерами к гену gus составила 240 п. н., а для гена gfp – 717 п. н. Выводы. Использование методов вакуумной инфильтрации и инокуляции для генетической трансформации спельты дали разные результаты. Частота генетической трансформации колебалась от 3,66 до 4,66%. Agrobacterium-опосредованная генетическая трансформация амфидиплоидной пшеницы спельты позволяет исследовать экспрессию репортерных генов gus и gfp при использовании каллюсных эксплантов, полученных из зрелых зародышей. | Мета. Дослідити експресію генів gus та gfp в калюсних експлантах амфідиплоїдної пшениці спельти (Triticum spelta L.) після Agrobacterium-опосередкованої генетичної трансформації. Методи. Для трансформації було обрано сорт пшениці спельти озимої ‘Європа’. Як експланти використовували калюси, отримані зі зрілих зародків. Прекультивацію калюсів здійснювали на живильному середовищі МС (Мурасіге–Скуга), доповненому 2 мг/л 2,4-Д (2,4-дихлорфеноксиоцтова кислота) та 10 мг/л нітратом срібла. Для генетичної трансформації використовували Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn., штам GV3101, та генетичну конструкцію з репортерними генами gus (ген бета-глюкуронідази (-glucuronidase)) та gfp (ген зеленого флюоресцентного білка (Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP)). Калюси трансформували шляхом інокуляції з агробактеріями та вакуумною інфільтрацією. Далі їх ко-культивували на середовищі МС із 2 мг/л 2,4-Д та 10 мг/л AgNO3, але без антибіотиків. Експресію гена gus перевіряли за допомогою гістохімічного, а гена gfp – візуального аналізу (флуоресценція білка GFP в УФ світлі). Рівні експресії генів gfp та gus оцінювали за допомогою програмного забезпечення ImajeJ. Інтеграцію генів gfp та gus в геном спельти перевіряли методом ПЛР.Результати. Генетична трансформація калюсних експлан­тів спельти шляхом їхньої інокуляції в живильному середовищі з агробактеріями та вакуумною інфільтрацією відбувалась з різною частотою. Рівень експресії гена gus за вакуумної інфільтрації становив 4,66 ± 0,74%, за інокуляції – 4,00 ± 0,91%; а гена gfp за вакуумної інфільтрації – 3,66 ± 0,74%, за інокуляції – 4,66 ± 1,39%. Рівень експресії гена gfp був вищим у разі використання інокуляції з агробактеріями, а гена gus – при ва­ку­умній інфільтрації. За допомогою ПЛР-аналізу було під­тверджено інтеграцію генів gfp та gus в геном калюсів спельти. Довжина ПЛР продукту із праймерами до гена gus становила 240 п. н., а до гена gfp – 717 п. н.Висновки. Використання методів вакуумної інфільтрації та інокуляції для генетичної трансформації спельти дали різні результати. Частота генетичної трансформації коливалась від 3,66 до 4,66%. Agrobacterium-опосередкована генетична трансформація амфідиплоїдної пшениці спельти дозволяє дослідити експресію репортерних генів gus та gfp за використання калюсних експлантів, отриманих із зрілих зародків.

Purpose. To study the expression of gus and gfp genes in callus explants of amphidiploid spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) after Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Methods. Winter spelt wheat of ‘Europa’ variety was chosen for transformation. Calli obtained from mature embryos were used as explants. Callus pre-cultivation was carried out on MS nutrient medium (Murashige–Skoog) supplemented with 2 mg/L 2.4-D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 10 mg/L silver nitrate. For genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn., strain GV3101 and a genetic construct with reporter genes beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used. Calli were transformed by inoculation with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration. Then they were co-cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/L 2.4-D and 10 mg/L AgNO3, but without antibiotics. The expression of the gus gene was checked by histochemical and the gfp gene by visual analysis (fluorescence of the GFP protein in UV light). Gfp and gus gene expression levels were evaluated using ImajeJ software. The integration of the gfp and gus genes into the spelt genome was verified by PCR. Results. Genetic transformation of spelt callus explants by inoculation in a nutrient medium with agrobacteria and vacuum infiltration occurred at different frequencies. The level of expression of the gus gene during vacuum infiltration was 4.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.00 ± 0.91%; and the gfp gene with vacuum infiltration – 3.66 ± 0.74%, with inoculation – 4.66 ± 1.39%. The level of expression of the gfp gene was higher when using inoculation with agrobacteria, and the gus gene was higher during vacuum infiltration. Using PCR analysis, the integration of the gfp and gus genes into the callus of spelt genome was confirmed. The length of the PCR product with primers for the gus gene was 240 bp, and 717 bp for the gfp gene. Conclusions. The use of vacuum infiltration and inoculation methods for spelt genetic transformation gave different results. The frequency of genetic transformation ranged from 3.66 to 4.66%. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of amphidiploid spelt wheat allows us to study the expression of gus and gfp reporter genes using callus explants derived from mature embryos

Purpose. Determine the ecological plasticity and productivity of F1 sunflower hybrids created on the basis of maternal and parental lines, selected according to an accelerated selection system of lines resistant to herbicides (imidazoline and sulfonylurea groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Methods. Statistical analysis of F1 sunflower hybrids was carried out using the methods of variation statistics, regression and analysis of variance using the Microsoft Office Excel 2016 application package. Molecular biological, biotechnological and classical selection methods were used for the accelerated system of line selection. Thus, for the purpose of targeted selection of sunflower sterility fixers, we used HRG01 molecular SCAR marker to identify the gene for the restoration of pollen fertility (Rf1). To accelerate the creation of parental lines resistant to tribenuron-methyl, we used a culture of immature embryos in vitro. Results. The results of testing of F1 sunflower hybrids at Kyiv, Chernihiv, Cherkasy (Uman and Shpolianskyi districts), Khmelnytskyi, Kharkiv, Kherson and Odesa regions. The hybrids were created on the basis of selected lines, chosen according to an accelerated selection system for herbicide-resistant lines (imidazoline (IMI-hybrids) and sulfonylurea (SU-hybrids) groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wall). The standards for comparison with hybrids were: for IMI hybrids – hybrids ‘NK Neoma’ (Syngenta) and ‘ES Genesis’ (Euralis), and for SU-hybrids – ‘SY Sumiko’ (Syngenta) and ‘P64LE25’ (Pioneer). As a result, it was found that among SU-hybrids, UA 2/106 had a 3.9% higher yield when compared to the standards (‘SY Sumiko’ and ‘P64LE25’). And for IMI-hybrids it was found that hybrids UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84 have the same yield of 2.76 t/ha as the ‘NK Neoma’ standard. IMI hybrids UA 1/92, UA 1/102 have the same yield of 2.91 t/ha as ‘ES Genesis’. Conclusions. F1 hybrids were created on the basis of the original breeding material selected due to the accelerated system of sunflower lines selection. The hybrids were analyzed according to the yield indicator. The most productive among the tested SU-hybrids was UA 2/106 hybrid, among the IMI hybrids – UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84, UA 1/92 and UA 1/102.

Purpose. Determine the ecological plasticity and productivity of F1 sunflower hybrids created on the basis of maternal and parental lines, selected according to an accelerated selection system of lines resistant to herbicides (imidazoline and sulfonylurea groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Methods. Statistical analysis of F1 sunflower hybrids was carried out using the methods of variation statistics, regression and analysis of variance using the Microsoft Office Excel 2016 application package. Molecular biological, biotechnological and classical selection methods were used for the accelerated system of line selection. Thus, for the purpose of targeted selection of sunflower sterility fixers, we used HRG01 molecular SCAR marker to identify the gene for the restoration of pollen fertility (Rf1). To accelerate the creation of parental lines resistant to tribenuron-methyl, we used a culture of immature embryos in vitro. Results. The results of testing of F1 sunflower hybrids at Kyiv, Chernihiv, Cherkasy (Uman and Shpolianskyi districts), Khmelnytskyi, Kharkiv, Kherson and Odesa regions. The hybrids were created on the basis of selected lines, chosen according to an accelerated selection system for herbicide-resistant lines (imidazoline (IMI-hybrids) and sulfonylurea (SU-hybrids) groups) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wall). The standards for comparison with hybrids were: for IMI hybrids – hybrids ‘NK Neoma’ (Syngenta) and ‘ES Genesis’ (Euralis), and for SU-hybrids – ‘SY Sumiko’ (Syngenta) and ‘P64LE25’ (Pioneer). As a result, it was found that among SU-hybrids, UA 2/106 had a 3.9% higher yield when compared to the standards (‘SY Sumiko’ and ‘P64LE25’). And for IMI-hybrids it was found that hybrids UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84 have the same yield of 2.76 t/ha as the ‘NK Neoma’ standard. IMI hybrids UA 1/92, UA 1/102 have the same yield of 2.91 t/ha as ‘ES Genesis’. Conclusions. F1 hybrids were created on the basis of the original breeding material selected due to the accelerated system of sunflower lines selection. The hybrids were analyzed according to the yield indicator. The most productive among the tested SU-hybrids was UA 2/106 hybrid, among the IMI hybrids – UA 1/67, UA 1/66, UA 1/84, UA 1/92 and UA 1/102.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Мета.Визначити статистичні методи та інструментальні засоби (пакети прикладних програм) для створення сис­теми підтримки прийняття рішення (СППР) кваліфікаційної експертизи сортів рослин на придатність до поширення (ПСП) у розрізі завдань оброблення даних. Обґрунтувати вибір програмних засобів оброблення статистичних даних польових та лабораторних досліджень, що входять до складу кваліфікаційної експертизи на ПСП. Методи. Аналітичний, який ґрунтується на порівнянні методів описової та багатовимірної статистики й засобів інтелектуального аналізу даних, отриманих під час кваліфікаційної експертизи на ПСП. Порівняльний аналіз програмних засобів оброблення статистичних даних для підготовки пропозицій щодо кінцевого рішення за заявкою на сорт рослин.Результати. Проведено декомпозицію завдань, що входять до складу системи підтримки прийняття рішень з кваліфікаційної екс­пертизи сортів-кандидатів на ПСП. Проведено порівняння статистичного пакета SPSS, пакета аналізу, що входить до складу MS Excel, та мови програмування R за критеріями: зручність інтерфейсу, функціональність, якість представлення результатів обчислення, наочність графічної інформації, вартість програмного засобу. Обидва пакети широко застосовують у світі для статистичного оброблення даних, вони мають аналогічний склад функцій для обчислення статистик. Висновки. Виокремлено завдання ПСП, що рекомендовано вирішувати із застосуванням досліджуваних засобів. Як інструментальний засіб рекомендовано використовувати мову програмування R. Основною перевагою R порівняно з пакетом IBM SPSS Statistics є те, що R є програмним продуктом з відкритим кодом, який вільно поширюється. | Цель. Определить статистические методы и инструментальные средства (пакеты прикладных программ) для создания системы поддержки принятия решения (СППР) квалификационной экспертизы сортов на пригодность их к распространению (ПСР) в разрезе задач обработки данных. Обосновать выбор программных средств обработки статистических данных полевых и лабораторных исследований, которые входят в состав квалификационной экспертизы на ПСР. Методы. Аналитический, основанный на сравнении методов описательной и многомерной статистики и средств интеллектуального анализа данных, полученных при проведении квалификационной экспертизы на ПСР. Сравнительный анализ программных средств обработки статистических данных для подготовки предложений по окончательному решению по заявке на сорт растений.Результаты. Проведена декомпозиция задач, которые входят в состав системы поддержки принятия решений по квалификационной экспертизе сортов-кандидатов на ПСП. Проведено сравнение статистического пакета SPSS, пакета анализа, который входит в состав MS Excel и языка программирования R по критериям: удобство интерфейса, функциональность, качество представления результатов расчетов, наглядность графической информации, стоимость программного средства. Оба пакета широко применяются в мире для статистической обработки данных, имеют аналогичный состав функций для расчета статистик. Выводы. Выделены задачи ПСР, которые рекомендуется решать с применением исследуемых средств. В качестве инструментального средства целесообратно использовать язык программирования R. Основным преимуществом R по сравнению с пакетом IBM SPSS Statistics является то, что R – программный продукт с открытым кодом, который свободно распространяется. | Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD.Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Purpose of this study was to develop the main components of a model of an adaptive information system for predicting crop productivity. Methods. To conduct research on the establishment of the basic structural elements of an adaptive information model for predicting the productivity of basic crops used the method of constructing dynamic models. Results. A detailed analysis of conceptual approaches to the construction of mathematical agricultural models is carried out and the main advantages and disadvantages of modern analogues are established. It is determined that the adaptive information model is based solely on the needs of the plant and actually on the need to provide these needs with available resources in order to obtain consistently high yields with high quality indicators. The hardware and software complex must have a feedback relationship between its basic structural elements, because it significantly improves the accuracy of predicting plant productivity. Data based on the operation of certain mechanisms or indicators of weather conditions and their forecasts are used for decision making, however, if they are substantially changed, decisions about individual technology elements are reviewed. The software should be related to the economic part and should take into account market conditions and forecast data when making recommendations. In the case of low purchase prices for products, we recommend that certain agrotechnical operations (say vegetation feeding) be applied or not, in the case of significant change in growing conditions - when the application of these agro-measures will be ineffective due to the negative effects of drought, etc. Conclusions. Adaptive information system for forecasting productivity in the technological process of growing crops is formed on the basis of a model consisting of three modules of characteristics – the resultant and two components. At each subsequent stage of implementation of the model, the resulting feature becomes component, with the maximum contribution to the resulting feature of the next module.

Целью данного исследования была разработка основных компонентов модели адаптивной информационной системы прогнозирования продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур. Методы. Для проведения исследований по установлению основных структурных элементов адаптивной информационной модели прогнозирования продуктивности основных сельскохозяйственных культур использовали метод построения динамических моделей. Результаты. Проведен детальный анализ концептуальных подходов к построению математических сельскохозяйственных моделей и установлены основные преимущества и недостатки современных аналогов. Определено, что адаптивная информационная модель базируется исключительно на потребностях растения и собственно необходимость обеспечить эти потребности доступными ресурсами с целью получения стабильно высокой урожайности с хорошими показателями качества. Программно-аппаратный комплекс должен иметь обратную связь между его основными структурными элементами, ведь за счет этого значительно повышается точность прогнозирования продуктивности растений. Данные полученные на основе работы определенных механизмов или показатели погодных условий и их прогнозы используются для принятия решений, однако, в случае их существенного изменения решение об отдельных элементах технологии пересматриваются. Программный продукт должен быть связан с экономической частью и при создании рекомендаций учитывать конъюнктуру рынка и прогнозные данные. В случае низкой закупочной цены на продукцию рекомендовать применять или не применять определенные агротехнические операции (скажем удобрение по вегетации), кроме того, корректировать их в случае существенного изменения условий выращивания – когда применение этих элементов технологии будет неэффективно за счет негативного воздействия других факторов. Выводы. Адаптивная информационная система прогнозирования продуктивности в технологическом процессе выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур формируется на базе модели состоящей из трех модулей признаков – результирующей и двух компонентных. На каждом следующем этапе реализации модели результирующий признак становится компонентным, причем с максимальным вкладом в результирующий признак следующего модуля. | Purpose of this study was to develop the main components of a model of an adaptive information system for predicting crop productivity. Methods. To conduct research on the establishment of the basic structural elements of an adaptive information model for predicting the productivity of basic crops used the method of constructing dynamic models. Results. A detailed analysis of conceptual approaches to the construction of mathematical agricultural models is carried out and the main advantages and disadvantages of modern analogues are established. It is determined that the adaptive information model is based solely on the needs of the plant and actually on the need to provide these needs with available resources in order to obtain consistently high yields with high quality indicators. The hardware and software complex must have a feedback relationship between its basic structural elements, because it significantly improves the accuracy of predicting plant productivity. Data based on the operation of certain mechanisms or indicators of weather conditions and their forecasts are used for decision making, however, if they are substantially changed, decisions about individual technology elements are reviewed. The software should be related to the economic part and should take into account market conditions and forecast data when making recommendations. In the case of low purchase prices for products, we recommend that certain agrotechnical operations (say vegetation feeding) be applied or not, in the case of significant change in growing conditions - when the application of these agro-measures will be ineffective due to the negative effects of drought, etc. Conclusions. Adaptive information system for forecasting productivity in the technological process of growing crops is formed on the basis of a model consisting of three modules of characteristics – the resultant and two components. At each subsequent stage of implementation of the model, the resulting feature becomes component, with the maximum contribution to the resulting feature of the next module. | Целью данного исследования была разработка основных компонентов модели адаптивной информационной системы прогнозирования продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур.Методы. Для проведения исследований по установлению основных структурных элементов адаптивной информационной модели прогнозирования продуктивности основных сельскохозяйственных культур использовали метод построения динамических моделей.Результаты. Проведен детальный анализ концептуальных подходов к построению математических сельскохозяйственных моделей и установлены основные преимущества и недостатки современных аналогов. Определено, что адаптивная информационная модель базируется исключительно на потребностях растения и собственно необходимость обеспечить эти потребности доступными ресурсами с целью получения стабильно высокой урожайности с хорошими показателями качества. Программно-аппаратный комплекс должен иметь обратную связь между его основными структурными элементами, ведь за счет этого значительно повышается точность прогнозирования продуктивности растений. Данные полученные на основе работы определенных механизмов или показатели погодных условий и их прогнозы используются для принятия решений, однако, в случае их существенного изменения решение об отдельных элементах технологии пересматриваются. Программный продукт должен быть связан с экономической частью и при создании рекомендаций учитывать конъюнктуру рынка и прогнозные данные. В случае низкой закупочной цены на продукцию рекомендовать применять или не применять определенные агротехнические операции (скажем удобрение по вегетации), кроме того, корректировать их в случае существенного изменения условий выращивания – когда  применение этих элементов технологии будет неэффективно за счет негативного воздействия других факторов.Выводы. Адаптивная информационная система прогнозирования продуктивности в технологическом процессе выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур формируется на базе модели состоящей из трех модулей признаков – результирующей и двух компонентных. На каждом следующем этапе реализации модели результирующий признак становится компонентным, причем с максимальным вкладом в результирующий признак следующего модуля.

Purpose of this study was to develop the main components of a model of an adaptive information system for predicting crop productivity. Methods. To conduct research on the establishment of the basic structural elements of an adaptive information model for predicting the productivity of basic crops used the method of constructing dynamic models. Results. A detailed analysis of conceptual approaches to the construction of mathematical agricultural models is carried out and the main advantages and disadvantages of modern analogues are established. It is determined that the adaptive information model is based solely on the needs of the plant and actually on the need to provide these needs with available resources in order to obtain consistently high yields with high quality indicators. The hardware and software complex must have a feedback relationship between its basic structural elements, because it significantly improves the accuracy of predicting plant productivity. Data based on the operation of certain mechanisms or indicators of weather conditions and their forecasts are used for decision making, however, if they are substantially changed, decisions about individual technology elements are reviewed. The software should be related to the economic part and should take into account market conditions and forecast data when making recommendations. In the case of low purchase prices for products, we recommend that certain agrotechnical operations (say vegetation feeding) be applied or not, in the case of significant change in growing conditions - when the application of these agro-measures will be ineffective due to the negative effects of drought, etc. Conclusions. Adaptive information system for forecasting productivity in the technological process of growing crops is formed on the basis of a model consisting of three modules of characteristics – the resultant and two components. At each subsequent stage of implementation of the model, the resulting feature becomes component, with the maximum contribution to the resulting feature of the next module.

Purpose. Develop a simplified method for estimating the color of flour and pasta using Adobe Photo Shop® software. Methods. The research material was grain of varieties and selection lines of wheat species Triticum durum, T. dicoccum, T. timopheevii bred in the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev and samples of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, 2018–2020 harvest. Batch of flour and pieces of dough were scanned using EPSON Scanner 010 F. Color was evaluated using Adobe PhotoShop®. The level of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results. Visual assessments of flour and pasta color, presented by different researchers, differ significantly (up to 2–3 points on a 9-point scale). At the same time, the use of the developed method of express color evaluation of flour and pasta samples in Adobe PhotoShop® with the color evaluation system L*a*b*, used in modern reflectometers, allows to obtain data in numerical value and provides high accuracy. In the case of the developed me­thod, correlations were established between the content of carotenoids and the index b* of flour (r = 0.41 / ≤ 0.05) and pasta (r = 0.60 / p ≤ 0.001) and allowed to select the best in flour color selection lines 10-56, 10-65, 14-153, sample T. durum var. falcatomelanopus, in pasta color – lines 10-56, 10-65, 11-29, 12-3. Conclusions. The developed method provides high accuracy and can be used to evaluate the color of pasta and wheat flour, simplifies the evaluation of test samples, standardizes the parameters of agricultural products and avoids subjective judgment. The established weak correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of flour indicates the effect on the color of flour not only orange but also yellow and red pigments, and the ave­rage correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of pasta indicates the influence of the products of polyphenols oxidation reactions of wheat grain. The best in color flour and pasta lines were selected for breeding work to increase the content of carotenoid pigments in grain.

Purpose. Develop a simplified method for estimating the color of flour and pasta using Adobe Photo Shop® software. Methods. The research material was grain of varieties and selection lines of wheat species Triticum durum, T. dicoccum, T. timopheevii bred in the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev and samples of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine, 2018–2020 harvest. Batch of flour and pieces of dough were scanned using EPSON Scanner 010 F. Color was evaluated using Adobe PhotoShop®. The level of carotenoids was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results. Visual assessments of flour and pasta color, presented by different researchers, differ significantly (up to 2–3 points on a 9-point scale). At the same time, the use of the developed method of express color evaluation of flour and pasta samples in Adobe PhotoShop® with the color evaluation system L*a*b*, used in modern reflectometers, allows to obtain data in numerical value and provides high accuracy. In the case of the developed me­thod, correlations were established between the content of carotenoids and the index b* of flour (r = 0.41 / ≤ 0.05) and pasta (r = 0.60 / p ≤ 0.001) and allowed to select the best in flour color selection lines 10-56, 10-65, 14-153, sample T. durum var. falcatomelanopus, in pasta color – lines 10-56, 10-65, 11-29, 12-3. Conclusions. The developed method provides high accuracy and can be used to evaluate the color of pasta and wheat flour, simplifies the evaluation of test samples, standardizes the parameters of agricultural products and avoids subjective judgment. The established weak correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of flour indicates the effect on the color of flour not only orange but also yellow and red pigments, and the ave­rage correlation between the carotenoid content and the b* value of pasta indicates the influence of the products of polyphenols oxidation reactions of wheat grain. The best in color flour and pasta lines were selected for breeding work to increase the content of carotenoid pigments in grain.