Те article reflects summary of hybridization and assessment of genetic value of pollen-sterile maternal lines of various origin and tetraploid pollinators produced by Bila Tserkva selection. High differential potential of pollinator-testers has been established. Best components exhibiting high combinative features have been detected, which served as a baseline for establishing MS (male sterile) hybrids of sugar beets.

The paper studies level of economically valuable characteristics of tetraploid lines of sugar beet developed at Bila Tserkva research and breeding station. Collection is established on that basis of highyield and high-sugar lines, hybridization with which has produced triploid MS hybrids displaying veracious excess of group standard for yielded sugar by 15...28%.

As a result of the lead long-term selection works wint involving a World' s collection and intertype and intertype hybridization with purposeful selection on economic-biological attributes highly productive • grades of a winter wheat, with stability to various kinds of illnesses and high technological qualities of grain have been allocated. The adapted grades of a winter wheat for a various environment of various zones of the countries of the Central Asia that allows to realize potential opportunities of grades in different environments of cultivation and by that to prevent losses of a crop from biotic and abiotic stresses that allows to stabilize productivity and adaptability of culture in a zon winter husbandry are created. The long-term field experiences lead by us and laboratory analyses on a level of productivity, qualities of grain and stability to stresses allows to conclude, that alongside with a genotype, stabilityenvironmental conditions render strong and significant influence on all complex of selection attributes.

The use of regression analysis for estimation of inbred lines is a breeding - oriented method, as it indicates scientifically grounded stages of the further breeding studying of these lines and a strategy of their use. Admissible levels of inbred depression of agriculturally valuable characters are limited in lines of the Verkhnyachka and Lgov geneplasms by two - three generations of self - pollinations, which testifies to the necessity "to keep" the characters of sufficient basis. Linearity of changes of values of the characters with the advancing of inbreeding shows the absence of epistasis or the weakness of their effects which makes suitable the use of an additive-dominant model for determining breeding-genetical value of inbred lines with the aim of their purposeful hybridization for obtaining genetically determined heterosis in F1.

Purpose. To identify spring durum wheat accessions with high yield level and by yield components for their involvement in breeding programs as a source material. Methods. Field, statistical. Results. The results of the study of 65 collection samples of spring durum wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of productivity in 2016–2018 are presented. The research results indicate that the samples of spring durum wheat had different yield level depending on the conditions of the year of cultivation. According to the calculations of the degree of yield stability parameters, the samples were found that ensure its level under fluctuations in weather conditions with regression coefficient close to one as follows ‘Omskiy izumrud’ (RUS), ‘Korona’, ‘Toma’, ‘Nauryz 6’ (KAZ), ‘Dura king’, ‘Candura’ (CAN), ‘Tera’, ‘Novatsiia’ (UKR), thus indicating their semi-intensive type. Collection samples of spring durum wheat that under optimal weather conditions are capable of producing significant yield increase are distinguished by wide ecological reaction. These are samples with regression coefficient more than one ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Hordeiforme 13-07’ (UKR), ‘Lan’, ‘Salaut’, ‘Ertol’ (KAZ), ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’, ‘Lilek’ (RUS). These samples can be characterized by their adaptive properties as intense ones, with a pronounced response to the environment. Over the years of the research, grain number per spike varied from 35.9 to 38.8 pcs. Year conditions in 2016 were the most favorable for plant growth and development, while index of conditions was 4.1, and the average grain number per spike was 41.4 pcs. Year conditions in 2017 and 2018 were less favorable for growth and development of durum spring wheat, and therefore there was a negative value of index of year conditions (lj = -5.1 and lj = 0.5, respectively) with less grain number per spike (32.2 and 38.2 pcs., respectively). According to the trait «1000 kernel weight», the samples were identified with regression coefficient close to one under fluctuations of weather conditions, i.e ‘Korona’, ‘Raya’ (KAZ), ‘Lilek’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ (RUS), ‘MIP Raiduzhna’ (UKR). The grain weight per spike in the collection samples varied from 1.27 to 1.77 g. The stable samples ‘Ertol’, ‘Salaut’, ‘Damsinskaya yantarnaya’ (KAZ), ‘Lilek’ (RUS), ‘Novatsiia’ (UKR), ‘Duraking’, ‘Candura’ (CAN) promising in spring wheat breeding were identified and can be involved in hybridization. Conclusions. Stable and plastic samples were identified among collection material of spring durum wheat in terms of productivity for involvement in scientific programs as source material.

Цель. Создать сорта пшеницы мягкой яровой при использовании отечественных и зарубежных сортов, носителей пшенично-ржаной транслокации (ПРТ). Методы. Полевые, лабораторные, статистические. Результаты. Перспективным направлением селекции, позволяющим существенно улучшить генофонд пшеницы мягкой яровой, является создание сортов с ПРТ 1АL.1RS. Представлено описание многолетних селекционных исследований, проведенных в Мироновском институте пшеницы имени В. Н. Ремесло НААН Украины (МИП), по получению сортов пшеницы мягкой з ПРТ 1АL.1RS. В качестве исходного селекционного материала использовали сорта и линии отечественной и зарубежной селекции, в частности сорт ‘ТАМ 107’ (США) с ПРТ 1АL.1RS. В ходе исполнения научной селекционной программы были созданы сорта пшеницы мягкой озимой ‘Експромт’ (1АL.1RS), мягкой яровой ‘Струна миронівська’ (1АL.1RS) и сорт ‘МІП Соломія’ (1АL.1RS). Как свидетельствуют результаты анализа спектра запасных белков, сор­та ‘Струна миронівська’ и ‘МІП Соломія’ в своих геномах имеют ПРТ 1АL.1RS. ‘МІП Соломія’ унаследовал ее от сорта пшеницы мягкой яровой ‘Струна миронівська’. Новый сорт пшеницы мягкой яровой ‘МІП Соломія’ характеризуется высокой урожайностью, адаптивностью, устойчивостью к мучнистой росе, фузариозу колоса, твердой головне, высокими показателями качества зерна. Выводы. Путем многолетних простых парных скрещиваний иностранных сортов и отечественного селекционного материала с использованием метода педигри созданы сорта пшеницы мягкой с ПРТ 1АL.1RS. Сорт пшеницы мягкой яровой ‘МІП Соломія’, переданный в 2017 р. на Государственное сортоиспытание, характеризуется высокой урожайностью, устойчивостью к полеганию, низким процентом поражения грибными болезнями, устойчивостью к твердой головне, адаптивностью. Наличие пшенично-ржаной транслокации у сортов яровой пшеницы мироновской селекции ‘Струна миронівська’ и ‘МІП Соломія’ подтверждено при помощи анализа спектра запасных белков при электрофорезе в полиакриламидном геле. | Мета. Створити сорти пшениці м’якої ярої за використання вітчизняних та іноземних сортів, носіїв пшенично-житньої транслокації (ПЖТ). Методи. Польові, лабораторні, статистичні. Результати. Перспективним напрямом селекції, що дає змогу суттєво поліпшити генофонд пшениці м’якої ярої, є створення сортів із ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Представлено опис багаторічних селекційних досліджень, проведених у Миронівському інституті пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України (МІП), щодо одержання сортів пшениці м’якої з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Як вихідний селекційний матеріал використовували сорти й лінії вітчизняної та іноземної селекції, зокрема сорт ‘ТАМ 107’ (США) із ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. У процесі виконання наукової селекційної програми створено сорти пшениці м’якої озимої ‘Експромт’ (1АL.1RS), м’якої ярої ‘Струна миронівська’ (1АL.1RS) та ‘МІП Соломія’ (1АL.1RS). Сорти ‘Струна миронівська’ та ‘МІП Соломія’, згідно з результатами аналізу спектра запасних білків, містять у своїх геномах ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. ‘МІП Соломія’ успадкував її від сорту пшениці м’якої ярої ‘Струна миронівська’. Новий сорт пшениці м’якої ярої ‘МІП Соломія’ характеризується високою врожайністю, адаптивністю, стійкістю проти борошнистої роси, фузаріозу колоса, твердої сажки, високими показниками якості зерна. Висновки. Шляхом багаторічних простих парних схрещувань іноземних сортів та вітчизняного селекційного матеріалу з використанням методу педігрі створено сорти пшениці м’якої з ПЖТ 1АL.1RS. Сорт пшениці м’якої ярої ‘МІП Соломія’, переданий у 2017 р. до Державного сортовипробування, характеризується високою врожайністю, стійкістю до вилягання, низьким відсотком ураженості грибними хворобами, стійкістю проти твердої сажки, адаптивністю. Наявність пшенично-житньої транслокації в сортів ярої пшениці миронівської селекції ‘Струна миронівська’ та ‘МІП Соломія’ підтверджено за допомогою аналізу спектра запасних білків за електрофорезу в поліакріламідному гелі. | Purpose. Creation of bread spring wheat varieties using domestic and foreign varieties as carriers of wheat-rye translocation. Меthods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The creation of varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS is the perspective direction of breeding, which allows to significantly improve the gene pool of bread spring wheat. The paper covers outputs of long-term breeding studies conducted at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (MIW) for obtaining bread wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS. As the initial breeding material varieties and lines of domestic and foreign breeding were used, in particular, the ‘TAM 107’ variety (USA) with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS. During realization of the scientific breeding program, the bread winter wheat variety ‘Ekspromt’ (1AL.1RS), as well as the bread spring wheat varieties ‘Struna myronivska’ (1AL.1RS) and ‘MІP Solomіia’ (1AL.1RS) have been created. As evidenced by the analysis of the spectrum of storage proteins, the varieties ‘Struna myronivska’ and ‘MIP Solomiіa’ contain wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS in their genomes. The variety ‘MIP Solomiіa’ inherited it from the variety of bread spring wheat ‘Struna myronivska’. The bread spring wheat new variety ‘MІP Solomiia’ is characterized by high yielding capacity, adaptability, resistance to powdery mildew, fusarium head blight, common bunt and high indices of grain quality. Conclusions. By long-term single crossing foreign varieties and domestic breeding material when using the pedigree method, bread wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS have been created. The bread spring wheat variety ‘MІP Solomiia’ submitted for the State Variety Testing in 2017, is characterized by high yielding capa­city, lodging resistance, low incidence of fungal diseases, resistance to common bunt, adaptability. The presence of wheat-rye translocation in spring wheats varieties of Myronivka breeding ‘Struna myronivska’ and ‘MІP Solomіia’ has been confirmed by analyzing the spectrum of storage proteins during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Purpose. To assess introduced samples of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses, select a promising parent material and create on its base high-yielding varie­ ies with economic characters. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The results of studies on introduction and breeding were given aimed to improve drought tolerance of non-traditional perennial grasses under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Based on the selected parent material, varieties were created by the use of hybridization and ecotype breeding methods and then entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, among them: intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) – ‘Hors’, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) – ‘Petrivskyi’; meadow brome (Bromus riparia Rehm.) – ‘Boian’; slender wheatgrass (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) – ‘Co­umb’. As compared with conventional, relatively drought-tolerant species of smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) – ‘Mars’, increment of dry matter content of these species in the extreme drought conditions of 2011 was increased by 1,52–3,73 t/ha. Under more sufficient moistening conditions of 2012, slender wheatgrass ‘Columb’ was at the level of the сheck variety in terms of this indicator. Other varieties exceeded it by 1.44–3.22 t/ha. The data was given including seed productivity and sowing quality indicators, after-ripening duration and economic fitness of seeds. Conclusions. The use of the recommended varieties of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses as part of grass mixtures will increase significantly the productivity of grasslands and pastures in the current context of climate change.

Purpose. To create a multiplex system for identification glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet by using PCR. Methods. Molecular genetic analysis. Results. The article presents the results of studies to determine the parameters of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to develop a multiplex system for identification of the structural elements of the design of transgenic gene cp 4 epsps, which provides tole­rance to glyphosate. For amplicon target DNA sequences, the following values of temperature conditions of PCR were determined: step 1 (initial denaturation) 95 °C – 3 min; step 2 (specific reaction products accumulation): denaturation 95 °C – 45 s; hybridization of primers 55 °C – 50 s; elongation 72 °C – 1 min; number of cycles – 40; step 3 (final elongation) 72 °C – 6 min. A series of PCR were carried out for the purpose of selecting the optimal amount of DNA matrix for efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences. Conclusions. To identify transgenic glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet, it is advisable to determine 35S promoter and gene cp 4 epsps in individual genotypes. It was found that during the selection of temperature parameters of multiplex reaction a 5 °C rise in primer hybridization temperature did not affect the identification of gene als that allowed to include specific primers for determination of this sequence as an internal control. Based on the results of test multiplex reactions, concentrations of dNTPs and Mg2+ ions were determined that allowed to exclude the possibility of non-specific fragments and false-negative results. The optimum amount of matrix DNA (100–150 ng) for an efficient estimate of transgenic sugar beet plants for the presence of specific sequences was determined. Obtained results allowed to develop a multiplex test system for identification of transgenic glyphosate-to­lerant sugar beet which can be used for simultaneous determination of the 35S promoter, cp 4 epsps gene and als gene as an internal reaction control.

The article highlights results of research over simulative apomixes in pear and its utilization for obtaining haploids and homozygote diploids. It has been established that over 50% pear varieties with failed remote hybridization are capable of generating seeds of apomictic origin producing diploid plants. Genotypes displaying maximal inclination to apomixes have been singled out. Apomictic pear seedlings obtained from foreign pollination within the limits of the same combination are inherent in profound morphological diversity. Fruit-bearing apomicts originated from one and the same maternal plant differ to the same extent as hybrid seedlings of the same family. Genetic markers have enabled to establish that these are embryo sacs in which meiosis has completed that give rise to apomictic seeds. In vitro method as used for the purpose of increasing apomictic plants output has been illustrated. The greatest induction of apomictic shoots in vitro has been reached by alternation of BAP cytokinin at concentration of 1mg/l and 2 mg/l on the background of GA3 amounting to 1,5 mg/l. Grafting with shoots in vitro on non-sterile rootstocks of pear (Pyrus communis) has increased the output of plants up to 80%. A cytological assessment of 9 apomictic samples is provided. The cytological analysis of samples of apomictic forms has certified the presence of simulative haploid parthenogenesis in pear.

The article offers results of genetic value assessment for pollinators resulted from population of high-productive and sugary specialization of Uladivska breeding, to be used for their recurrent improvement and development of hybridization components valuable for combining in creation of synthetics and MS hybrids of sugar beet containing reduced amount of nitrogen α-amin ions.