Purpose. Analysis of the current state and experience on the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) use to detect genetically modified plants. Methods. Literature search and analysis. Results. General information on the current state and use of the genetically modified plants is provided. Despite the wide distribution of genetically modified plants, the attitude towards them in society continues to remain somewhat wary. About 50 countries have introduced mandatory labeling of GM feed and products, provided that their content exceeds a certain threshold. In order to meet labeling requirements, effective and sensitive methods for detecting known genetic modifications in a variety of plant materials, food products and animal feed must be developed and standardized. The most common approaches to the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are the determination of specific proteins synthesized in transgenic plants and the detection of new introduced genes. Methods for the determination of GMOs based on the analysis of nucleic acids are more common, since such methods have greater sensitivity and specificity than the analysis of protein composition. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the main method of nucleic acid analysis, which is now wide used for the detection of GMOs. Loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), which can occur at a constant temperature and therefore does not require the use of expensive equipment may be an alternative to the PCR. Scientific articles about the use of the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) for the detection of genetically modified plants were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of the polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated amplification are compared. Conclusions. The main criteria for applying a method of GMO detection analysis are as follow: its sensitivity, time of reaction, availability and ease to use, cost of reagents and equipment, and the possibility for simultaneous detection of many samples.

Purpose. Analysis of the current state and experience on the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) use to detect genetically modified plants.Methods. Literature search and analysis.Results. General information on the current state and use of the genetically modified plants is provided. Despite the wide distribution of genetically modified plants, the attitude towards them in society continues to remain somewhat wary. About 50 countries have introduced mandatory labeling of GM feed and products, provided that their content exceeds a certain threshold. In order to meet labeling requirements, effective and sensitive methods for detecting known genetic modifications in a variety of plant materials, food products and animal feed must be developed and standardized. The most common approaches to the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are the determination of specific proteins synthesized in transgenic plants and the detection of new introduced genes. Methods for the determination of GMOs based on the analysis of nucleic acids are more common, since such methods have greater sensitivity and specificity than the analysis of protein composition. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the main method of nucleic acid analysis, which is now wide used for the detection of GMOs. Loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), which can occur at a constant temperature and therefore does not require the use of expensive equipment may be an alternative to the PCR. Scientific articles about the use of the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) for the detection of genetically modified plants were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of the polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated amplification are compared.Conclusions. The main criteria for applying a method of GMO detection analysis are as follow: its sensitivity, time of reaction, availability and ease to use, cost of reagents and equipment, and the possibility for simultaneous detection of many samples. | Мета. Проаналізувати світовий досвід застосування реакції ампліфікації, що опосередкована через петлю (LAMP), для детектування генетично модифікованих рослин.Результати. Наведено загальну інформацію щодо сучасного стан і поширення генетично модифікованих рослин. Попри значне поширення генетично модифікованих рослин, ставлення до них у суспільстві й досі залишається дещо настороженим. Приблизно 50 країн запровадили обов’язкове маркування ГМ кормів та продуктів за умови, що їхній уміст перевищує певне порогове значення. Для того, щоб виконати вимоги до маркування, потрібно розробити та стандартизувати ефективні й чутливі методи визначення відомих генетичних модифікацій у різноманітній рослинній сировині, харчовій продукції та кормах для тварин. Найпоширенішими підходами до детектування генетично модифікованих організмів (ГМО) є визначення специфічних білків, що синтезуються у трансгенних рослинах, та детектування нових привнесених генів. Методи визначення ГМО, засновані на аналізі нуклеїнових кислот, є поширенішими, оскільки мають більшу чутливість та специфічність порівняно з аналізом білкового складу. Основним методом аналізу нуклеїнових кислот, що зараз використовується для детектування ГМО, є метод полімеразної ланцюгової реакції (ПЛР). Альтернативою методу ПЛР убачається реакція ампліфікації, що опосередкована через петлю (LAMP), яка може відбуватися за постійної температури й тому не потребує використання коштовного обладнання. Проаналізовано наукові публікації, що стосуються використання реакції LAMP для детектування генетично модифікованих рослин. Описано переваги та недоліки методів полімеразної ланцюгової реакції та ампліфікації, що опосередкована через петлю.Висновки. Основним критерієм для застосування того чи іншого методу аналізу ГМО є, насамперед, його чутливість, тривалість реакції, доступність та простота виконання, вартість реагентів і обладнання, а також можливість здійс­нювати одночасне детектування якомога більшої кількості зразків.

Abstract A Special-purpose Committee on Fungal Names with the Same Epithet was established at the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017, with a mandate to report to the 12th International Mycological Congress (IMC) with recommendations on a preferred course of action with respect to names of pleomorphic fungi sharing the same epithet under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. This report provides a synthesis of the deliberations from the Special-purpose Committee. We discuss the arguments for and against the proposed solution to the problems that have arisen regarding the nomenclature of fungi described in multiple morphs using the same epithet. We also propose a gentler method of addressing the problem using existing procedures.

This article discusses the main factors of origin and development of analytical selection of winter wheat in Ukraine in late XIX - early XX century .. In particular highlight the role of scientific works of Charles Darwin, W. Rimpau, AL Sempolovskуу, IS Korzhinskуу and research institutions to increase attention to the study of local varieties of winter wheat and their improvement. Especially analyze values of Russia's first benefit from the breeding "Guide to Seed for the Advancement of cultivated plants", in which the author proposes methods for improving and creating new varieties. Since the end of XIX century selection were mainly involved in private owners on their own initiative, already in the beginning of XX century this trend more interested in the agricultural society, local and state authorities. Thanks to their support in the country organized congresses, meetings and conferences, set up research and field stations. It was during this period of transition took place in the national selection analysis.

This article discusses the main factors of origin and development of analytical selection of winter wheat in Ukraine in late XIX - early XX century .. In particular highlight the role of scientific works of Charles Darwin, W. Rimpau, AL Sempolovskуу, IS Korzhinskуу and research institutions to increase attention to the study of local varieties of winter wheat and their improvement. Especially analyze values of Russia's first benefit from the breeding "Guide to Seed for the Advancement of cultivated plants", in which the author proposes methods for improving and creating new varieties. Since the end of XIX century selection were mainly involved in private owners on their own initiative, already in the beginning of XX century this trend more interested in the agricultural society, local and state authorities. Thanks to their support in the country organized congresses, meetings and conferences, set up research and field stations. It was during this period of transition took place in the national selection analysis.

The article considers national varietal sources of sugar beets, namely the progress of their generation, as well as general characteristics of productivity. Main trends in breeding reflecting the needs of society are highlighted. Importance of official qualifying examination for generating high-quality varietal diversity aimed at meeting the needs of national beetroot industry is emphasized.

The article considers national varietal sources of sugar beets, namely the progress of their generation, as well as general characteristics of productivity. Main trends in breeding reflecting the needs of society are highlighted. Importance of official qualifying examination for generating high-quality varietal diversity aimed at meeting the needs of national beetroot industry is emphasized.