Purpose. To reveal the features of agrobiological parameters formation of sweet sorghum various varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.Methods. During 2018–2020 twenty-one varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum of various ecological and geographical origins (Ukraine, Russia, USA, France, Germany, Hungary, Brazil) were studied in the field. Parameters like plant height and indices of their individual productivity (grain weight per panicle, 1000 grain weight, etc.), yield of dry biomass and grain, content of sugar in juice and protein in grain, as well as estimated sugar and protein yield in a crop. The counts were carried out in the phase of physiological ripeness of the culture.Results. In the group of Ukrainian varieties and hybrids, the plants were from 272 to 306 cm high, in the foreign group – from 274 to 412 cm. Varieties ‘Red Amber’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Freed’ and ‘Early Orange’ are of high value for breeding practice, their plants were the tallest – from 388 to 412 cm. The panicle length of sweet sorghum cultivars of Ukrainian breeding ranged from 16.0 to 17.3 cm, foreign – from 11.0 to 19.4 cm. Grain weight from one panicle varied from 32.8 to 41.6 g and from 29.2 to 43.5 g, respectively. In a wide range, depending on the varietal characteristics, the indicator of the number of grains per panicle also varied from 1338 to 1708 pcs. The mass of 1000 grains of sweet sorghum ranged from 28.0 to 31.0 g in varieties and hybrids of Ukrainian breeding, in foreign ones – from 19.3 to 31.0 g. The yield of dry vegetative mass of cultivars of Ukrainian breeding was at the level of 8.24–9.11 t/ha. The highest rates were shown in hybrid ‘Mamont’ and ‘Huliver’ variety – 9.05 and 9.11 t/ha, respectively. For cultivars and hybrids of foreign breeding, this indicator varied from 7.00 to 12.17 t/ha. Significantly higher biomass in comparison with the standard variety (‘Sylosne 42’) was produced by ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 9.03–12.17 t/ha. The sugar content in sweet sorghum juice varied from 15.2 to 17.2%. The estimated sugar yield in Ukrainian cultivars was at the level of 0.82–0.89 t/ha, in foreign ones – from 0.72 to 1.18 t/ha. In all studied varieties it was the highest in ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 0.94–1.18 t/ha.Conclusions. The productivity of sweet sorghum varies greatly depending on the origin of the variety and hybrid. In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, in order to obtain a high sugar yield, it is advisable to grow ‘Sylosne 42’, ‘Favoryt’, ‘Troistyi’, ‘Dovista’, ‘Huliver’ varieties and ‘Ananas’, ‘Medovyi’, ‘Mamont’ hybrids. Varieties ‘Vaconia Orange’, ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’ and hybrids ‘Ald Sorghum’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ provide high yields of vegetative masses. Hybrids ‘Freed’, ‘Affas CJ 899’ and ‘Early Orange’ produce a large vegetative mass (11.08–12.17 t/ha), grain yield (8.00–8.15 t/ha) and a high protein content (9.8–11.3%).

Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids of domestic selection. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. Studies show that the lowest yields of sugar beets were obtained in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Moreover, the conditions of the unstable humidification zone of the Right-Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were mainly characterized by unstable precipitation, a decrease in their amount, as well as increased average daily air temperatures. Therefore, the selection of high-yielding hybrids of sugar beets to obtain a high level of productivity is relevant. As evidenced by the data comparing the yield of sugar beet root crops on the test site, they significantly exceeded the average indicators for Kiev region by 10.7–20.0 t/ha, and only in arid 2016 the difference was minimal – 4.6 t/ha. The high stability of the trait “sugar content in root crops” is inherent not only in hybrids with low parameters of its manifestation, but is largely determined by the genetic characteristics of the hybrid. Three clusters were identified based on the reaction of hybrids to growing conditions. The first cluster included triploid hybrids: ‘Zluka’, ‘Oleksandriia, ‘Olzhych’, ‘Kvarta’ and ‘Konstanta’, the second one – the triploid hybrid ‘BTs ChS 57’ and diploid ‘Vesto’, the third cluster - the triploid hybrid ‘Sofiia’ and diploid ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’. Conclusions. Proper selection of high-yielding hybrids resistant to adverse growing conditions in the zone of unstable moisture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is extremely important, because the biological characteristics of hybrids affect 45% of the amount of sugar harvest, but the growing season by 33% and the interaction of factors was 17%. It was found that despite the difficult weather conditions, the highest yields were formed by hybrids: ‘Anichka’ – 70.1 t/ha, ‘Ramzes’ – 70.5 t/ha, ‘Romul’ – 73.0 t/ha and ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 73.4 t/ha. But the maximum sugar content in root crops was in hybrids: ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’ – 17.3%, ‘Zluka’ – 17.3% and ‘Sofiia’ – 17.7%. Accordingly, the maximum sugar harvest was provided by hybrids: ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 12.1 t/ha and ‘Romul’ – 12.2 t/ha.

Мета. Установити особливості формування продуктивності гібридів буряків цукрових залежно від варіантів удобрення та строків збирання.Методи. Польові, лабораторні.Результати. Біологічні відмінності в рості та розвитку і формуванні маси коренеплодів дозволили високопродуктивним гібридам реагувати на застосування додаткового мінерального живлення належним чином, а тому на удобрених варіантах були також отримані високі показники продуктивності. Встановлено, що за збирання коренеплодів в вересні гібрид ‘Ромул’ на контрольному варіанті формував 54,0 т/га коренеплодів, а за удобрення N150P150K150  – 72,0 т/га та N300P300K300  – 74,2 т/га. Затримка зі збиранням не призвела до суттєвого зростання рівня продуктивності досліджуваних нами гібридів буряків цукрових. Так, за п’ятого строку збирання, що припадає на третю декаду жовтня буряки цукрові в середньому формували 48,8–67,9 т/га коренеплодів. За збирання буряків цукрових в третю декада жовтня в коренеплодах в середньому було 18,3–20,7% цукру, а от найкращі параметри забезпечував гібрид ‘Софія’, так, на контролі цукристість була 22,0%, а за удобрення N150P150K150  – 20,5% та N300P300K300  – 19,5%. Застосування удобрення N150P150K150 та N300P300K300  сприяло отриманню більшої урожайності коренеплодів за їх меншої цукристості, що відповідає даним отриманих іншими вченими.Висновки. За збирання в третій декаді вересня, та за удобрення N150P150K150  гібриди формували відповідно ‘БЦЧС 57’ 66,8, ‘Герой’ 66,2, ‘Ромул’ 72,0, ‘Кварта’66,0 т/га коренеплодів, а за удобрення в дозі N300P300K300  – 68,8; 68,1; 74,2 та  68,0 т/га. Досліджено, що за збирання в третій декаді жовтня кращими були ‘БЦЧС 57’, ‘Герой’, ‘Софія’ та ‘Ромул’. Крім того, внесення норми мінерального живлення N300P300K300 не забезпечувала формування прибавки врожаю здатної окупити додаткове мінеральне живлення, порівняно з нормою  N150P150K150. За вмістом цукру в коренеплодах буряків цукрових за збирання в третій декаді вересня кращими були наступні гібриди: ‘Герой’ – 21,4%, ‘Софія’ – 21,8%, ‘Український ЧС72’ – 21,3% та ‘Ромул’ 21,4%, а в третю декаду жовтня максимальний рівень вмісту цукру в коренеплодах був в гібридів: ‘Софія’ – 22,0% та ‘Уманський’ 21,9%. Застосування мінерального удобрення призводило до зменшення цукристості коренеплодів приблизно на 1,3–2,5% порівняно з неудобреними контрольними варіантами. Така реакція рослин викликана власне достатнім рівнем забезпечення ґрунту сполуками мінерального живлення. | Purpose. To reveal the features of the formation of sugar beet hybrids productivity depending on fertilizer options and harvesting time. Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. Biological differences in the growth and development and the mass of root crops formation allowed high yielding hybrids to respond to the use of supplemental mineral nutrition properly, and therefore, high productivity rates were also obtained on fertilized variants. When harvesting root crops in September, the ‘Romul’ hybrid in the control variant formed 54.0 t/ha of root crops, and with fertilizer N150P150K150 and N300P300K300 – 74.2 t/ha. The delay in harves­ting did not lead to a significant increase in the productivity of the investigated sugar beet hybrids. Thus, in the third decade of October, sugar beets on average formed 48.8–67.9 t/ha of root crops, and root crops had an average of 18.3–20.7% sugar. The best performance was provided by the hybrid ‘Sofiia’, so the control sugar content was 22.0%, and with the fertilizer N150P150K150 – 20.5% and N300P300K300 – 19.5%. The use of fertilizers N150P150K150 and N300P300K300 contributed to higher yields of root crops with lower sugar content, which corresponded to data obtained by other scientists.Conclusions. When harvesting in the third decade of September and being fertilized with N150P150K150, hybrids formed: ‘BTsChS 57’ – 66.8, ‘Heroi’ – 66.2, ‘Romul’ – 72.0, ‘Quarta’ – 66.0 t/ha of root crops, with fertilizer in a dose of N300P300K300 – 68.8; 68.1; 74.2 and 68.0 t/ha, respectively. It was proved that at the harvesting period in the third decade of October, ‘BTsChS 57’, ‘Heroi’, ‘Sofiia’ and ‘Romul’ were the best. In addition, the introduction of the mineral nut­rition in dose N300P300K300 did not provide a yield increase that could recoup additional mineral nutrition compared to the dose N150P150K150. In terms of sugar content of the sugar beet root crops, the hybrids ‘Heroi’ – 21.4%, ‘Sofiia’ – 21.8%, ‘Ukrainskyi ChS72’ – 21.3% and ‘Romul’ – 21.4% were the best at harvesting in the third decade of September; and in the third decade of October the maximum level of sugar content in root crops was in hybrids ‘Sofiia’ – 22.0% and ‘Umanskyi’ – 21.9%. The use of mineral fertilizers led to a decrease in the sugar content in roots by about 1.3–2.5% compared with unfertilized control options. Such a reaction of plants is caused by a sufficient level of soil supply with mineral nutrition compounds. | Цель. Установить особенности формирования продуктивности гибридов сахарной свеклы в зависимости от вариантов удобрения и сроков уборки.Методы. Полевые, лабораторные.Результаты. Биологические различия в росте и развитии и формировании массы корнеплодов позволили высокопродуктивным гибридам реагировать на применение дополнительного минерального питания должным образом, а потому на удобренных вариантах были также получены высокие показатели продуктивности. Установлено, что за уборки корнеплодов в сентябре гибрид ‘Ромул’ на контрольном варианте формировал 54,0 т/га корнеплодов, а за удобрения N150P150K150 – 72,0 т/га и N300P300K300 – 74,2 т/га. Задержка с уборкой не привела к существенному увеличению уровня продуктивности исследуемых нами гибридов сахарной свеклы. Так, на третью декаду октября сахарная свекла в среднем формировала 48,8–67,9 т/га корнеплодов, а в корнеплодах в среднем было 18,3–20,7% сахара. Лучшие параметры обеспечивал гибрид ‘София’, так, на контроле сахаристость была 22,0%, а за удобрения N150P150K150 – 20,5% и N300P300K300 – 19,5%. Применение удобрения N150P150K150 и N300P300K300 способствовало получению большей урожайности корнеплодов с их меньшей сахаристости, что соответствует данным полученных другими учеными.Выводы. При уборке в третьей декаде сентября и при удобрении N150P150K150 гибриды формировали: ‘БЦЧС 57’ – 66,8, ‘Герой’ – 66,2, ‘Ромул’ – 72,0, ‘Кварта’ – 66,0 т/га корнеплодов, при удобрении в дозе N300P300K300 – 68,8; 68,1; 74,2 и 68,0 т/га соответственно. Доказано, что при сборе в третьей декаде октября лучшими были ‘БЦЧС 57’, ‘Герой’, ‘Софія’ и ‘Ромул’. Кроме того, внесение нормы минерального питания N300P300K300 не обеспечивало формирование прибавки урожая, способной окупить дополнительное минеральное питание по сравнению с нормой N150P150K150. По содержанию сахара в корнеплодах сахарной свеклы при уборке в третьей декаде сентября лучшими были следующие гибриды: ‘Герой’ – 21,4%, ‘Софія’ – 21,8%, ‘Український ЧС72’ – 21,3% и ‘Ромул’ – 21,4%, а в третьей декаде октября максимальный уровень содержания сахара в корнеплодах был у гибридов: ‘Софія’ – 22,0% и ‘Уманський’ – 21,9%. Применение минерального удобрения приводило к уменьшению сахаристости корнеплодов примерно на 1,3–2,5% по сравнению с неудобренными контрольными вариантами. Такая реакция растений выз­вана достаточным уровнем обеспечения почвы соединениями минерального питания.

Purpose. Identify the peculiarities of the growth and development of plants, formation of productivity of sweet sorghum hybrids for different widths of row spacing, crops density and the use of the growth stimulant Vympel 2 in the zone of the Forest-Steppe Ukraine. Methods. The study used hybrids ‘Dovista’ and ‘Huliver’. The width of the row spacing was 45 and 70 cm for the density of the crops: 150 thousand pcs/ha, 200 thousand pcs/ha, 250 thousand pcs/ha. Sorghum seed treatment was carried out using Vympel 2 (0.5 l/t) growth stimulant and its additional foliar application in the tillering stage of the crop (0.5 l/ha). Results. Studies have revealed that the ‘Dovista’ hybrid has a significant potential for productivity due to a longer growing season. At different widths of row spacing and density of plants standing, the hybrid ‘Dovista’ yield exceeded the average by 3.6 t/ha of‘Huliver’ hybrid. The yield increase at the level of 7.3–13.0 t/ha was obtained in the variant of application of growth stimulant Vympel 2 at 45 cm of row spacing and changes in sowing rates from 150 to 250 thousand pcs/ha. Similar variants of experiment at 70 cm of width of row spacing ensured collection of vegetative mass of sweet sorghum at 6.7–12.6 t/ha more than in cont­rol variants. The growth stimulant Vympel 2 increased the accumulation of dry matter in ‘Dovista’ hybrid with a row spacing of 45 cm and various seeding rates by 1.3–4.3 t/ha, whereas with a row spacing of 70 cm – by 1.2–3.5 t/ha. In the ‘Huliver’ hybrid in similar experiments, an increase in dry matter was obtained at the level of 1.7–3.9 t/ha, and the application of the growth regulator ensured the collection of dry matter of sweet sorghum by 1.3–3.0 t/ha above the control variants. Total sugar content in the variants of the experiment was biased. Application of seed treatment with growth stimulant Vympel 2 (0.5 l/t) followed by foliar application in the tillering stage (0.5 l/ha) increased the content of total sugars by 0.15, but this slight deviation was within the experimental margin. Conclusions. The highest yield of green mass at a density of 250 thousand plants per hectare and seed treatment with growth stimulant Vympel 2 (0.5 l/t) + foliar application in the tillering stage (0.5 l/ha) provided the ‘Dovista’ hybrid – 98.8 t/ha, which is 5.3 t/ha more than in the ‘Huliver’ hybrid for the width of the row spacing of 45 cm. In the phase of physiological maturity of the grain, the content of total sugars in sweet sorghum was, on average, at the level of 15.0%, in the ‘Dovista’ hybrid – 15.4%, in the ‘Huliver’ hybrid – 14.7%.

Purpose. Creation of experimental sugar beet hybrid combinations of high sugar yield values and defining gene­tic determination of their heterotic effect. Methods. Diallel crossing and topcrossing, genetic analysis of quantitative traits. Results. The authors have studied the frequency of occurrence of sugar beet heterotic hybrid combinations for «sugar yield» trait created on the basis of two pollinator lines to be genetically valuable for productivity elements, CMS lines and single-cross sterile hybrids with the use of diallel and topcrossing system of controlled hybridization. The share of parental components’ effect and their interaction in CMS hybrids variability for productivity was determined. Expediency of heterotic forecasting based on high combining ability lines was substabtiated. Promising high-yielding sugar beet combinations were selected that exceeded the group standard by 4.1–16.3%. Conclusions. The theory of genetic balance by M. V. Turbin was confirmed. Such hybrids as [CMS 5OT 4]MGP 1 (116.3%), [CMS 1OT 2]MGP 1 (112.5%) and [CMS 3OT 5]MGP 1 (113.2%) were recognized as the best for their productivity, MGP 1 and MGP 2 lines – as the best for their combining ability.

500 O-type lines of sugar beet hybrid components were studied according to their main economically valuable characteristics, namely, one-seed structure, germination readiness, productivity, sugar content and sugar yield. 13 best features were determined, herewith one-seed structure of most tested genotypes was observed at the level of 92-99% which appeared to be of nearly the same level during all the years of the research. On that ground they were included into the program for further research. The weight of seeds of the researched numbers ranged from 13,3 to 22,2 gr. The productivity of the researched O-type lines varied from 40,1 to 45,2 tons per hectare. Herewith, the highest productivity index was observed in 664bk 6 line with the average index 42,7 tons per hectare which ensured sugar yield 7,59 tons per hectare. The results of the research into the influence of low temperatures on seed germination readiness and capacity of O-type sugar beet lines were given. All the researched materials readily respond to conditions of germination and the seed germination readiness and germination capacity directly depend on the temperature. However, high indices of seed germination readiness and capacity under low temperatures is an essential feature of parent breeding materials in the breeding process while creating new hybrids which can be grown by means of intensive technologies. This will make it possible to sow heterosis sugar beet hybrids in earlier terms. It was suggested to use the best lines as parent components for development of heterosis hybrids which are able to ensure seed germination under low temperatures.

Purpose. To reveal the features of agrobiological parameters formation of sweet sorghum various varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2018–2020 twenty-one varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum of various ecological and geographical origins (Ukraine, Russia, USA, France, Germany, Hungary, Brazil) were studied in the field. Parameters like plant height and indices of their individual productivity (grain weight per panicle, 1000 grain weight, etc.), yield of dry biomass and grain, content of sugar in juice and protein in grain, as well as estimated sugar and protein yield in a crop. The counts were carried out in the phase of physiological ripeness of the culture. Results. In the group of Ukrainian varieties and hybrids, the plants were from 272 to 306 cm high, in the foreign group – from 274 to 412 cm. Varieties ‘Red Amber’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Freed’ and ‘Early Orange’ are of high value for breeding practice, their plants were the tallest – from 388 to 412 cm. The panicle length of sweet sorghum cultivars of Ukrainian breeding ranged from 16.0 to 17.3 cm, foreign – from 11.0 to 19.4 cm. Grain weight from one panicle varied from 32.8 to 41.6 g and from 29.2 to 43.5 g, respectively. In a wide range, depending on the varietal characteristics, the indicator of the number of grains per panicle also varied from 1338 to 1708 pcs. The mass of 1000 grains of sweet sorghum ranged from 28.0 to 31.0 g in varieties and hybrids of Ukrainian breeding, in foreign ones – from 19.3 to 31.0 g. The yield of dry vegetative mass of cultivars of Ukrainian breeding was at the level of 8.24–9.11 t/ha. The highest rates were shown in hybrid ‘Mamont’ and ‘Huliver’ variety – 9.05 and 9.11 t/ha, respectively. For cultivars and hybrids of foreign breeding, this indicator varied from 7.00 to 12.17 t/ha. Significantly higher biomass in comparison with the standard variety (‘Sylosne 42’) was produced by ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 9.03–12.17 t/ha. The sugar content in sweet sorghum juice varied from 15.2 to 17.2%. The estimated sugar yield in Ukrainian cultivars was at the level of 0.82–0.89 t/ha, in foreign ones – from 0.72 to 1.18 t/ha. In all studied varieties it was the highest in ‘Sorgo Cucre’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ – 0.94–1.18 t/ha. Conclusions. The productivity of sweet sorghum varies greatly depending on the origin of the variety and hybrid. In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, in order to obtain a high sugar yield, it is advisable to grow ‘Sylosne 42’, ‘Favoryt’, ‘Troistyi’, ‘Dovista’, ‘Huliver’ varieties and ‘Ananas’, ‘Medovyi’, ‘Mamont’ hybrids. Varieties ‘Vaconia Orange’, ‘Vorai Sumac’, ‘Sorgo Cucre’ and hybrids ‘Ald Sorghum’, ‘Sioux’, ‘Freed’, ‘Red Amber’, ‘Mohavk’, ‘Affas CJ 899’, ‘Early Orange’ provide high yields of vegetative masses. Hybrids ‘Freed’, ‘Affas CJ 899’ and ‘Early Orange’ produce a large vegetative mass (11.08–12.17 t/ha), grain yield (8.00–8.15 t/ha) and a high protein content (9.8–11.3%).

Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids of domestic selection.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. Studies show that the lowest yields of sugar beets were obtained in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Moreover, the conditions of the unstable humidification zone of the Right-Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were mainly characterized by unstable precipitation, a decrease in their amount, as well as increased average daily air temperatures. Therefore, the selection of high-yielding hybrids of sugar beets to obtain a high level of productivity is relevant. As evidenced by the data comparing the yield of sugar beet root crops on the test site, they significantly exceeded the average indicators for Kiev region by 10.7–20.0 t/ha, and only in arid 2016 the difference was minimal – 4.6 t/ha. The high stability of the trait “sugar content in root crops” is inherent not only in hybrids with low parameters of its manifestation, but is largely determined by the genetic characteristics of the hybrid. Three clusters were identified based on the reaction of hybrids to growing conditions. The first cluster included triploid hybrids: ‘Zluka’, ‘Oleksandriia, ‘Olzhych’, ‘Kvarta’ and ‘Konstanta’, the second one – the triploid hybrid ‘BTs ChS 57’ and diploid ‘Vesto’, the third cluster - the triploid hybrid ‘Sofiia’ and diploid ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’.Conclusions. Proper selection of high-yielding hybrids resistant to adverse growing conditions in the zone of unstable moisture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is extremely important, because the biological characteristics of hybrids affect 45% of the amount of sugar harvest, but the growing season by 33% and the interaction of factors was 17%. It was found that despite the difficult weather conditions, the highest yields were formed by hybrids: ‘Anichka’ – 70.1 t/ha, ‘Ramzes’ – 70.5 t/ha, ‘Romul’ – 73.0 t/ha and ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 73.4 t/ha. But the maximum sugar content in root crops was in hybrids: ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’ – 17.3%, ‘Zluka’ – 17.3% and ‘Sofiia’ – 17.7%. Accordingly, the maximum sugar harvest was provided by hybrids: ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 12.1 t/ha and ‘Romul’ – 12.2 t/ha. | Мета. Установити особливості формування продуктивності сучасних гібридів буряків цукрових вітчизняної селекції. Методи. Польові, лабораторні.Результати. Дослідження показують, що найменшу врожайність буряків цукрових було отримано у 2016, 2017 та 2019 роках. Причому умови зони нестійкого зволоження Правобережної част­и­ни Лісостепу України здебільшого характеризувалися нестійким випаданням опадів, зменшенням їхньої кількості, а також підвищеними середньодобовими температурами повітря. А тому добір високопродуктивних гібридів буряків цукрових для отримання високого рівня продуктивності є актуальним. Як свідчать дані порівняння врожайності коренеплодів буряків цукрових в умовах полігону, то вони істотно перевищували середні показники по Київській області на 10,7–20,0 т/га, і лише в посушливому 2016 році різниця була мінімальною – 4,6 т/га. Висока стабільність ознаки «вміст цукру в коренеплодах» притаманна не тільки гібридам із низькими параметрами її прояву, а значною мірою визначається й генетичними особливостями гібрида. За реакцією гібридів на умови вирощування виділено три кластери. До першого з них увійшли триплоїдні гібриди: ‘Злука’, ‘Олександрія’, ‘Ольжич’, ‘Кварта’ та ‘Константа’, до другого – триплоїдний гібрид ‘БЦ ЧС 57’ та диплоїдний ‘Весто’, до третього – триплоїдний гібрид ‘Софія’ та диплоїдний ‘Український ЧС 72’.Висновки. Правильний добір високопродуктивних гібридів, стійких до несприятливих умов вирощування в зоні нестійкого зволоження Лісостепу України, надзвичайно важливий, адже біологічні особливості гібридів на 45% впливають на величину формування збору цукру, а от умови вегетаційного періоду – на 33%, взаємодія цих чинників була на рівні 17%. Попри складні погодні умови, найбільшу врожайність формували гібриди ‘Анічка’ – 70,1 т/га, ‘Рамзес’ – 70,5, ‘Ромул’ – 73,0, ‘БЦ ЧС 57’ – 73,4 т/га. А от максимальний уміст цукру в коренеплодах був у таких гібридів, як ‘Український ЧС 72’ – 17,3%, ‘Злука’ – 17,3, ‘Софія’ – 17,7%. Максимум збору цукру забезпечували гібриди ‘БЦ ЧС 57’ і ‘Ромул’ – 12,1 і 12,2 т/га відповідно.

Purpose. To investigate features of commercial head quality formation in varieties of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) for different growing methods. To study the influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the weight of commercial heads, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products. Methods. Field study, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of studying peculiarities of head formation in such cutting lettuce varieties as ‘Godar’ (control), ‘Smuhlianka’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ were shown. Based on the results of phenological observations, the duration of interstage periods of growth and development of cutting lettuce plants was determined for the different growing methods. The model of cutting lettuce of capitata variety for different growing methods was presented in terms of biochemical parameters (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, amount of sugars). The influence of growing methods for cutting lettuce plants on the commercial head weight, indices of yield and quality of freshly harvested products was studied. Obtained results confirmed that in early ripening varie­ti­es the heads were smaller (150 g) and not dense, in late ripening varieties they were large and dense, weight was 150–500 g. Freshly harvested commercial products of head lettuce in case of seedling cultivation was characterized by a slight increase in dry matter content by 0.15–0.29%. The corresponding pattern was observed for the total sugar content. Its amount was slightly higher: 1.3–1.9% in case of direct sowing and 1.6–1.9% – for seedlings cultivation. The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, mg/100 g) was the highest in the ‘Dyvohrai’ variety despite of the method of growing. The largest quantity of nitrates in lettuce heads was in the inner stem (480 mg/kg), while in the middle of the head it was reduced to 110 mg/kg. Conclusions. Freshly harvested heads of cutting lettuce were analyzed for the content of such basic biochemical indices as dry matter, vitamin C, protein, nitrates, amount of sugars. Biochemical characteristics of freshly harvested products of heading lettuce in case of direct sowing and non-seedling methods of growing were within the error being almost identical with minor deviations. According to the study results, a typical model of capitate lettuce variety was designed which will have practical application in qualification examination of plant varieties.

Evaluation of the genetic component values considered to be the important part of the selection process on creating hybrids of sugar beet and The aim of the study is to determine tetraploid pollinators combining ability Bilotserkovskoy breeding on yield and sugar content and the genetic determination of the productivity elements and their phenotypic manifestations in first generation hybrids of sugar beet. The methods of test crossing on the type top cross of pollen sterile lines of Uuladivsky and Ivanovsky origin and stabilized ployidnistyu tetraploid pollinators of beet sugar Belotserkovskoy selection on yielding of sugar beet tetraploid pollinators of Bilotserkovskoy breeding have been applied. A key role belongs to non additive gene effects in gene structure of characteristics variability yielding has been determined.The part of additive gene action pollinators is predominant in genetic control of top cross hybrids sugar content. The 16 hybrid combinations are differentiated by their parental components combining ability. Pollinators of 1007 (the yield) and 1013 (for the sugar content) have been characterized by their valuable additive gene complexes. Perspective hybrid combinations for their further breeding study are revealed, genetic determination of productivity elements and sugar yield is defined Analysis of gene interactions in sugar beet hybrids confirms the theory of genetic balance MV Turbine