Мета. Розглянути етапи створення та характеристику нового сорту ‘Горлиця миронівська’ за біологічними властивостями та господарсько-цінними ознаками. Методи. Польовий, математично-статистичний. Результати. Сорт створено методом гібридизації за схрещування сортів ‘Деметра’ та ‘Кримка одеська’. Генеалогія сорту включає генотипи пшениць Західної Європи ‘NS-2699’ (Югославія), ‘Sadovo syper’ (Болгарія), ‘MV-103’ (Угорщина) та ‘Московская 60’ (Росія), а також селекції Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла – ‘Лютесценс 10795’ (синонім сорту ‘Миронівська 27’). Різновид сорту – еритроспермум. Дослідженнями в МІП та закладах Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин встановлено, що сорт ‘Горлиця миронівська’ є стійким проти вилягання, осипання та посухи. За роки досліджень він проявив стійкість проти борошнистої роси та бурої іржі (8,3–8,7 бала), кореневих гнилей (8,1–8,4 бала) та фузаріозу колосу (8,1–8,7 бала). Потенціал продуктивності сорту високий – 10,6–10,9 т/га. За показниками якості зерна – це цінна пшениця. Кращими попередниками за вирощування сорту є кукурудза на силос, сидеральний пар (гірчиця) та горох. За сівби 25 вересня та 5 жовтня сорт виявив вагомі результати та найбільші переваги по всіх попередниках, крім кукурудзи на силос. Висновки. Встановлено, що сорт має ряд господарсько-цінних ознак і властивостей, завдяки яким він генетично здатний компенсувати високими врожаями затрати на його вирощування.

Цель. Рассмотреть этапы создания и характеристику нового сорта ‘Горлыця Мыронивська’ по биологическим свойствам и хозяйственно-ценным признакам. Методы. Полевой, математико-статистический. Результаты. Сорт создан методом гибридизации от скрещивания сортов ‘Деметра’ и ‘Крымка одесская’. Генеалогия сорта включает генотипы пшениц Западной Европы ‘NS-2699’ (Югославия), ‘Sadovo syper’ (Болгария), ‘MV-103’ (Венгрия) и ‘Московская 60’ (Россия), а также селекции Мироновского института пшеницы имени В. Н. Ремесло (МИП) ­– ‘Лютесценс 10795’ (синоним сорта ‘Мироновская 27’). Разновидность сорта – эритроспермум. Исследованиями в МИП и учреждениях Украинского института экспертизы сортов растений установлено, что сорт устойчив к полеганию, осыпанию и засухе. За годы исследований проявил устойчивость к мучнистой росе и бурой ржавчине (8,3–8,7 балла), корневым гнилям (8,1–8,4 балла) и фузариозу колоса (8,1–8,7 балла). Потенциал продуктивности сорта высокий – 10,6–10,9 т/га. За показателями качества зерна – ценная пшеница. Лучшими предшественниками для сорта являются кукуруза на силос, сидеральный пар (горчица) и горох. При посеве 25 сентября и 5 октября сорт показал весомые результаты и наиболее высокие преимущества по всем предшественникам, за исключением кукурузы на силос. Выводы. Установлено, что сорт обладает комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков и свойств, благодаря которым генетически способен компенсировать высокой продуктивностью затраты на его выращивание. | Purpose. To consider the stages of creation and cha­racteristics of a new variety ‘Horlytsia myronivska’ for biological properties and economic characters. Methods. Field, mathematical and statistical ones. Results. The variety was created by the method of hybridization from crossing the varieties of ‘Demeter’ and ‘Krymka odeska’. Genealogy of the variety includes the genotypes of varieties of the Wes­tern Europe ‘NS-2699’ (Yugoslavia), ‘Sadovo syper’ (Bulga­ria), ‘MV-103’ (Hungary), ‘Moscowska 60’ (Russia) and bred by the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIW) ‘Lutescens 10795’ (synonym of ‘Mironivska 27’). It belongs to erythrospermum subvariety. During studies in МІW and establishments of the Ukrainian Institute of Variety Exa­mination it was established that the variety is resistant to lodging, shedding and drought. Over the years of investigation, the variety showed resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust (8.3–8.7 points), root rot (8.1–8.4 points) and fusarium spike (8.1–8.7 points). The productivity potential of the variety is high (10.6–10.9 t/ha). Wheat is valuable for indicators of grain quality. The best predecessors for the variety are corn for green fodder, green-manured fallow (mustard) and peas. During sowing on September 25 and October 5, the variety showed significant results and the highest advantages for all predecessors, with the exception of maize for silage. Conclusions. It is established that the variety had a set of economic characters and properties, due to which it is genetically able to compensate the high production costs for its growing. | Мета. Розглянути етапи створення та характеристику нового сорту ‘Горлиця миронівська’ за біологічними властивостями та господарсько-цінними ознаками. Методи. Польовий, математично-статистичний. Результати. Сорт створено методом гібридизації за схрещування сортів ‘Деметра’ та ‘Кримка одеська’. Генеалогія сорту включає генотипи пшениць Західної Європи ‘NS-2699’ (Югославія), ‘Sadovo syper’ (Болгарія), ‘MV-103’ (Угорщина) та ‘Московская 60’ (Росія), а також селекції Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла – ‘Лютесценс 10795’ (синонім сорту ‘Миронівська 27’). Різновид сорту – еритроспермум. Дослідженнями в МІП та закладах Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин встановлено, що сорт ‘Горлиця миронівська’ є стійким проти вилягання, осипання та посухи. За роки досліджень він проявив стійкість проти борошнистої роси та бурої іржі (8,3–8,7 бала), кореневих гнилей (8,1–8,4 бала) та фузаріозу колосу (8,1–8,7 бала). Потенціал продуктивності сорту високий – 10,6–10,9 т/га. За показниками якості зерна – це цінна пшениця. Кращими попередниками за вирощування сорту є кукурудза на силос, сидеральний пар (гірчиця) та горох. За сівби 25 вересня та 5 жовтня сорт виявив вагомі результати та найбільші переваги по всіх попередниках, крім кукурудзи на силос. Висновки. Встановлено, що сорт має ряд господарсько-цінних ознак і властивостей, завдяки яким він генетично здатний компенсувати високими врожаями затрати на його вирощування.

Мета. Розглянути етапи створення та характеристику нового сорту ‘Горлиця миронівська’ за біологічними властивостями та господарсько-цінними ознаками. Методи. Польовий, математично-статистичний. Результати. Сорт створено методом гібридизації за схрещування сортів ‘Деметра’ та ‘Кримка одеська’. Генеалогія сорту включає генотипи пшениць Західної Європи ‘NS-2699’ (Югославія), ‘Sadovo syper’ (Болгарія), ‘MV-103’ (Угорщина) та ‘Московская 60’ (Росія), а також селекції Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла – ‘Лютесценс 10795’ (синонім сорту ‘Миронівська 27’). Різновид сорту – еритроспермум. Дослідженнями в МІП та закладах Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин встановлено, що сорт ‘Горлиця миронівська’ є стійким проти вилягання, осипання та посухи. За роки досліджень він проявив стійкість проти борошнистої роси та бурої іржі (8,3–8,7 бала), кореневих гнилей (8,1–8,4 бала) та фузаріозу колосу (8,1–8,7 бала). Потенціал продуктивності сорту високий – 10,6–10,9 т/га. За показниками якості зерна – це цінна пшениця. Кращими попередниками за вирощування сорту є кукурудза на силос, сидеральний пар (гірчиця) та горох. За сівби 25 вересня та 5 жовтня сорт виявив вагомі результати та найбільші переваги по всіх попередниках, крім кукурудзи на силос. Висновки. Встановлено, що сорт має ряд господарсько-цінних ознак і властивостей, завдяки яким він генетично здатний компенсувати високими врожаями затрати на його вирощування.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the impact of glyphosate-resistant soybean and its management with glyphosate on the canopy arthropod community. We study the direct impact of the insertion of the resistance gene and the indirect impact of management practices, specifically herbicide application. To do this, we use the following treatments: non-GM and GM soybean with mechanical weed control and GM soybean with one and three applications of glyphosate. Arthropods in the crop canopy were sampled over time in all treatments. The incorporation of the glyphosate resistance gene did not affect the richness and abundance of arthropods in the plant canopy. Glyphosate application reduced the richness of predators and chewing and sucking phytophagous arthropods in treatments with three herbicide applications. In the second season, total arthropod density was the lowest in transgenic soybean with three glyphosate applications. The density of Cerotoma arcuatus, a chewing phytophagous arthropod, followed similar trends, while both glyphosate treatments (one or three applications) reduced the densities of the predator Solenopsis sp. and the detritivore Hypogastrura sp. Meanwhile, the densities of the sucking phytophagous arthropods Bemisia tabaci, Caliothrips brasiliensis, and Tetranychus sp. were the highest in transgenic soybean with three glyphosate applications. | RESUMO: O uso da soja transgênica resistente ao glyphosate pode causar impactos diretos ou indiretos nos componentes do agroecossistema. O impacto direto é provocado pela inserção do gene de resistência, e o indireto está relacionado às alterações nas práticas de manejo. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto da soja resistente ao glyphosate e seu manejo com esse herbicida sobre a comunidade de artrópodes do dossel das plantas. Os tratamentos foram: soja transgênica e não transgênica com capina mecânica das plantas daninhas; e soja transgênica com uma e três aplicações de glyphosate. As populações de artrópodes no dossel das plantas foram amostradas ao longo de dois cultivos. A incorporação do gene de resistência ao glyphosate não afetou a riqueza e a abundância de artrópodes no dossel das plantas. Já a aplicação do glyphosate reduziu a riqueza de predadores e de fitófagos mastigadores e sugadores nos tratamentos com três aplicações desse herbicida. No segundo ano de cultivo a densidade total de artrópodes foi menor na soja transgênica com três aplicações de glyphosate em relação aos demais tratamentos. O mesmo ocorreu com a densidade do fitófago mastigador Cerotoma arcuatus nos dois anos de cultivo. Já as densidades dos fitófagos succionadores Bemisia tabaci, Caliothrips brasiliensis e Tetranychus sp. foram maiores na soja transgênica com três aplicações de glyphosate do que nos demais tratamentos. A aplicação de glyphosate (uma ou três) reduziu densidades do predador Solenopsis sp. e do detritívoro Hypogastrurasp.

Purpose. To estimate genetic resources collection of soft winter wheat plants (new collection accessions) of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production and select initial material for breeding of adaptive, productive and qualitative soft winter wheat varieties. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The authors pre- sented results of study of over 1000 samples of gene pool of soft winter wheat from 25 countries during 2001–2005 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine for a complex of economic traits. More than 400 new sources with high adaptive properties were selected that combine traits of high productivity and high quality of grain, early ripening, resistance to biotic and abiotic fac- tors (the assessment of samples for 16 valuable traits is given). The selected material comes from various agro-cli- matic zones, including zones of unsustainable agriculture. Conclusions. Recommended sources of traits that have breeding value will allow to enrich high-quality assortment of wheat and considerably accelerate breeding process du- ring development of new soft winter wheat varieties.

Purpose. To estimate genetic resources collection of soft winter wheat plants (new collection accessions) of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production and select initial material for breeding of adaptive, productive and qualitative soft winter wheat varieties. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The authors pre- sented results of study of over 1000 samples of gene pool of soft winter wheat from 25 countries during 2001–2005 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine for a complex of economic traits. More than 400 new sources with high adaptive properties were selected that combine traits of high productivity and high quality of grain, early ripening, resistance to biotic and abiotic fac- tors (the assessment of samples for 16 valuable traits is given). The selected material comes from various agro-cli- matic zones, including zones of unsustainable agriculture. Conclusions. Recommended sources of traits that have breeding value will allow to enrich high-quality assortment of wheat and considerably accelerate breeding process du- ring development of new soft winter wheat varieties.

Assessment of agroclimatic conditions in 2012–2014 and their effect on formation of frost resistance and winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is made. Elevated temperature conditions in autumn and disturbance of cold hardening conditions caused the formation of the highest frost tolerance and winter hardiness of winter wheat only up to -15°C. Under the new climatic conditions the modern varieties of myronivska breeding are able to realize 80–85% of the genetic potential by the property.

Assessment of agroclimatic conditions in 2012–2014 and their effect on formation of frost resistance and winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is made. Elevated temperature conditions in autumn and disturbance of cold hardening conditions caused the formation of the highest frost tolerance and winter hardiness of winter wheat only up to -15°C. Under the new climatic conditions the modern varieties of myronivska breeding are able to realize 80–85% of the genetic potential by the property.

Unique features of Myronivs’ka 808 variety have provided its triumph in agricultural production in the former Soviet Union and other countries. Myronivs’ka 808 has become one of the most popular varieties in terms of sown areas (in 1971 over 9.5 million hectares) in the world production. Up to now the variety has been cultivated in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Myronivs’ka 808 variety gained leadership in the global selection process as a source of high grain quality, high productivity, general adaptability and plasticity. Using germplasm of this variety enabled to develop over 400 wheat varieties including 350 winter varieties and 60 spring varieties.

Unique features of Myronivs’ka 808 variety have provided its triumph in agricultural production in the former Soviet Union and other countries. Myronivs’ka 808 has become one of the most popular varieties in terms of sown areas (in 1971 over 9.5 million hectares) in the world production. Up to now the variety has been cultivated in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Myronivs’ka 808 variety gained leadership in the global selection process as a source of high grain quality, high productivity, general adaptability and plasticity. Using germplasm of this variety enabled to develop over 400 wheat varieties including 350 winter varieties and 60 spring varieties.

Purpose. Analysis of the process of hexaploid triticale breeding for winter hardiness by intraspecific hybridization method using systemic ecological tests under contrasting conditions. Methods. Dialectical investigation, field experiments, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of breeding winter and alternate triticale varieties possessing a complex of valuable traits by the method of intraspecific hybridization of forms of different types of development using systemic ecological tests under contrasting conditions (Forest-Steppe – extremely arid Steppe) and at low temperatures were presented. During the years of research (1980–2005), 18 varieties were developed and transferred to the state testing, 17 of them were registered. Conclusions. Thus, the effective selection of highly productive genotypes with increased and high winter hardiness is possible from populations obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale of different types of development (winter triticale with spring and alternate ones) and contrasting level of frost and winter hardiness. During the period of 1980–2015, medium-tall and dwarf varieties of winter (‘Amfidyploid 256’, ‘Garne’, ‘Kharroza’, ‘Rarytet’, ‘Timofey’, etc.) and alternate (‘Nikanor’, ‘Yaroslava’, ‘Plastun Volynskyi’) triticales were developed. They are superior to the standard varieties of soft winter wheat for the critical temperature of freezing by -0.5...- 2.0 °C, characterized by increased (up to 9–12 t/ha) grain yield of various quality depending on the purpose of use.

Purpose. Analysis of the process of hexaploid triticale breeding for winter hardiness by intraspecific hybridization method using systemic ecological tests under contrasting conditions. Methods. Dialectical investigation, field experiments, laboratory testing and statistical evaluation. Results. The results of breeding winter and alternate triticale varieties possessing a complex of valuable traits by the method of intraspecific hybridization of forms of different types of development using systemic ecological tests under contrasting conditions (Forest-Steppe – extremely arid Steppe) and at low temperatures were presented. During the years of research (1980–2005), 18 varieties were developed and transferred to the state testing, 17 of them were registered. Conclusions. Thus, the effective selection of highly productive genotypes with increased and high winter hardiness is possible from populations obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale of different types of development (winter triticale with spring and alternate ones) and contrasting level of frost and winter hardiness. During the period of 1980–2015, medium-tall and dwarf varieties of winter (‘Amfidyploid 256’, ‘Garne’, ‘Kharroza’, ‘Rarytet’, ‘Timofey’, etc.) and alternate (‘Nikanor’, ‘Yaroslava’, ‘Plastun Volynskyi’) triticales were developed. They are superior to the standard varieties of soft winter wheat for the critical temperature of freezing by -0.5...- 2.0 °C, characterized by increased (up to 9–12 t/ha) grain yield of various quality depending on the purpose of use.

Purpose. To evaluate results of old garden roses varieties introduction based on the analysis of their decorative pro­perties and economic characters. Methods. Field study, comparative analysis, generalization. Results. The collection of roses at M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden (the city of Kyiv) was analyzed. A comparison was drawn between their gene pool and the world collection of roses. After collection screening, 22 old varieties were found at M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden and described. Their decorative pro­perties, economic characters and winter hardiness were eva­luated, the final result ranged from 81 to 100 points. Evalua­tion of winter hardiness that was based on the records of shoot damage degree in the field during the winter showed that in Kyiv conditions 13 cultivars were exceptionally resistant to frost, the other 9 appeared to be frost-sensitive. Conclusions. As follows from the analysis of decorative va­lues, economic characters and winter hardiness, 12 varieties of old roses such as ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’, ‘Commandant Beaurepaire’, ‘La Reine’, ‘Louise de Odier’, ‘Madame Plantier’, ‘Maiden’s Blush’, ‘Marie Baumann’, ‘Mousseuse Rouge’, ‘Persian Yellow’, ‘Poppius’, ‘Reine des Violettes’, ‘Versicolor’ were found to be perfectly suitable for landscaping.

Purpose. To evaluate results of old garden roses varieties introduction based on the analysis of their decorative pro­perties and economic characters. Methods. Field study, comparative analysis, generalization. Results. The collection of roses at M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden (the city of Kyiv) was analyzed. A comparison was drawn between their gene pool and the world collection of roses. After collection screening, 22 old varieties were found at M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden and described. Their decorative pro­perties, economic characters and winter hardiness were eva­luated, the final result ranged from 81 to 100 points. Evalua­tion of winter hardiness that was based on the records of shoot damage degree in the field during the winter showed that in Kyiv conditions 13 cultivars were exceptionally resistant to frost, the other 9 appeared to be frost-sensitive. Conclusions. As follows from the analysis of decorative va­lues, economic characters and winter hardiness, 12 varieties of old roses such as ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’, ‘Commandant Beaurepaire’, ‘La Reine’, ‘Louise de Odier’, ‘Madame Plantier’, ‘Maiden’s Blush’, ‘Marie Baumann’, ‘Mousseuse Rouge’, ‘Persian Yellow’, ‘Poppius’, ‘Reine des Violettes’, ‘Versicolor’ were found to be perfectly suitable for landscaping.