Purpose. To elaborate winter wheat cultivation technologies based on balanced fertilizer system that combines application of mineral fertilizers and the increase of their efficiency by the use of preparations with microelements. Methods. Field and laboratory studies, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. During 2011–2013, the effect of cultivation technologies on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat varie­ty ‘Benefis’ (pea is a predecessor) was studied. In case of alternative technologies that provided adding only by-products of the predecessor, the yield of winter wheat was 3.73 t/ha when using integrated protection system, and it was increased to 4.22 t/ha with grain quality of the 4th–5th class of the group B when foliar dressing was applied. Resource saving technologies of cultivation with restricted use of fertilizers (Р45К45N30(II)+30(IV)) provided productivity at the level of 5.19–5.61 t/ha with grain quality of the 2nd–3rd class of the group A. Grain yield of 6.27 t/ha of the 2nd class quality was obtained by the use of intensive cultivation technology, which included application of mineral fertilizers (Р90К90N30(II)+60(IV)+30(VIII)) in addition to the use of predecessor’s by-products and foliar dressing. The highest yield of grain (6.71 t/ha) on average during all years of the study with the 1st class of the group A quality was provided by energy-intensive technology, which included application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) with embedding of predecessor’s by-products into the soil and foliar dressing. Conclusions. It was established that in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine the highest productivity of winter wheat was obtained in dark gray podzolic soils using the energy-intensive technology with application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) against the background of predecessor’s by-products embedded into the soil in case of integrated plant protection, and foliar dres­sing. This technology ensured the yield of 6.71 t/ha with grain quality of the 1st class of the group A.

Purpose. To make comprehensive assessment of introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine for the set of productivity and adaptability indices in order to define the most valuable ones and describe them. Methods. Field study, laboratory analysis, generalization. Results. The authors presented results of the study, evaluation and description of 35 new samples of oats from 5 countries for productivity and adaptability traits during 2011–2015 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production to be run by the V. Ya. Yuriev Institute for Plant Production of NAAS. In field and laboratory conditions, the following indicators as yielding, productivity, thousand-kernel weight, early ripening, height of plants and length of panicle, lodging resistance were stu­died. Conclusions. A set of studies of new oat samples under various weather conditions allowed to identify material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters. During studies, it was found that ‘Laima’, ‘Stendskaia Darta’ (Latvia), ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Faks’ (Belarus) were the high-yielding varieties. Panicles in such oats samples as ‘Cwal’, ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Iakov’, ‘Mutika 1077’, ‘Mutika 990’, ‘Irtysh 22’, ‘Pokrovskyі 9’ (Russia), ‘Faks’ (Belarus), ‘Stendskaia Darta’, ‘Stendskaia Mara’ (Latvia) contained a large mass of grains (more than 2,5 g), panicle productivity in these samples was rather high both due to increased amount of grains in it and at the expense of thousand-kernel weight. Analysis of the study results showed that introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe zone and can be recommended as an initial material in breeding for increasing productive and adaptive capacity.

Purpose. To define morphological peculiarities of the different types of shoots of switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) in the context of introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones of Ukraine. Methods. Morpho-physiological and ontogenetic analysis, morphometric technique, statistical evaluation. Results. It was found that P. virgatum plants were producing the following types of shoots: vegetative-generative short or long rhizomatous ones (they appeared as in the underground part of a maternal shoot in «the area of shortened internodes» and in the base of its aboveground part); vegetative underground and aboveground ones (they are forming both in the axils of scales of the underground part of a maternal shoot and in the axils of cauline leaves); generative aboveground shoots (borne in the axil of cauline leaves). Morphological parameters and features of morphogenesis of reproduction, resting and secondary buds have been described. Conclusions. During flowering phase of maternal shoot, P. virgatum reproduction buds were on the organogenesis phase I–II, their bursting occured after maternal shoot has flowered. The correlation of internodes length, leave blades and sheaths has been established. The maximum values of the above parameters were observed in the middle part of the prefloral zone of the stem. In the context of introduction, panicle earing came in the third decade of July, flowering began in the first decade of August. It was revealed that complete flowers are bloomed faster than the staminate ones.

Purpose. To determine and substantiate practical aspects of statistical analysis application for management results of the morphological description of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties when identifying them during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. Methods. Field study, analytical approach based on descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results. Quantitative values of display of such morphological characters as leaf rosette diameter, lettuce head size, leaf blade thickness and its venation were determined for the Lactuca sativa L. varieties. Statistical indices of four morphological characters of randomized sampling frame of seven cutting lettuce varie­ties were determined and the results of statistical analysis were interpreted. Cutting lettuce of loose leaf and capitate varieties was identified during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. The most suitable method for clustering cutting lettuce varieties was defined. The results of clustering were interpreted. It was found that ‘Hodar’ variety differed greatly from others, ‘Dumka’ and ‘Olzhych’ varieties were the most similar. Conclusions. The results of the identification allowed to establish that capitate lettuce varieties were similar in the following combinations: ‘Bona’ and ‘Dyvohray’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dumka’. According to the duration of interphase periods, it can be noted that such varieties as ‘Dumka’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ had the highest rate of maturation in comparison with ‘Bona’ and ‘Hodar’ varieties, and the lowest one as compared to the ‘Olzhych’ variety

Purpose. To elaborate winter wheat cultivation technologies based on balanced fertilizer system that combines application of mineral fertilizers and the increase of their efficiency by the use of preparations with microelements. Methods. Field and laboratory studies, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. During 2011–2013, the effect of cultivation technologies on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat varie­ty ‘Benefis’ (pea is a predecessor) was studied. In case of alternative technologies that provided adding only by-products of the predecessor, the yield of winter wheat was 3.73 t/ha when using integrated protection system, and it was increased to 4.22 t/ha with grain quality of the 4th–5th class of the group B when foliar dressing was applied. Resource saving technologies of cultivation with restricted use of fertilizers (Р45К45N30(II)+30(IV)) provided productivity at the level of 5.19–5.61 t/ha with grain quality of the 2nd–3rd class of the group A. Grain yield of 6.27 t/ha of the 2nd class quality was obtained by the use of intensive cultivation technology, which included application of mineral fertilizers (Р90К90N30(II)+60(IV)+30(VIII)) in addition to the use of predecessor’s by-products and foliar dressing. The highest yield of grain (6.71 t/ha) on average during all years of the study with the 1st class of the group A quality was provided by energy-intensive technology, which included application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) with embedding of predecessor’s by-products into the soil and foliar dressing. Conclusions. It was established that in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine the highest productivity of winter wheat was obtained in dark gray podzolic soils using the energy-intensive technology with application of P135K135N60(II)+75(IV)+45(VIII) against the background of predecessor’s by-products embedded into the soil in case of integrated plant protection, and foliar dres­sing. This technology ensured the yield of 6.71 t/ha with grain quality of the 1st class of the group A.

Рurpose. To investigate inheritance of “plant height” trait in populations of the first (F1) and second (F2) generations of the soybean (Glucine max (L.) Merrill) and evaluate hybrid combinations in order to identify phenotypes with the highest level of heterosis for plant height. Methods. Laboratory test, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. The inheritance of plant height in soybean was investigated. Hybrid combinations were assessed for the ability to select phenotypes with an optimal height. Different types of inheritance of this trait were found in populations of the second generation. The highest degree of heterosis for plant height was expressed by such soybean hybrids of the second generation as ‘АЕЕМ ’/‘Cherniatka’ (102.6%), next were ‘№ 427/‘Коrado’ (36,1%) and ‘Yelena’/‘Vizhion’ (32,0%). For the above trait, the ‘Legend’ variety in combinations with such varieties as ‘Staroukrainka’, ‘Korado’ and ‘Medeia’ expressed a heterosis amounting to 28.1%, 8.3%, 6.1% accordingly. Plant height was inherited mainly in terms of negative overdominance (34.2% combinations). There were 21.1% of combinations that had a negative semidominance. Conclusions. Among large majority of crossing combinations, forms were revealed that differed greatly for the plant height. The highest variability was observed in combinations such as ‘Legenda’/‘Korado’, ‘Ustia’/‘Vizjion’, ‘№894’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Ug-30’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Legenda’/‘Annushka’, ‘№441’/‘Gentleman’, ‘№441’/‘Vizjion’, ‘Yug-30’/‘Gentleman’, ‘Angelica’/‘Annushka’ and ‘Angelica’/‘Gentleman.

Purpose. To define morphological peculiarities of the different types of shoots of switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) in the context of introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones of Ukraine. Methods. Morpho-physiological and ontogenetic analysis, morphometric technique, statistical evaluation. Results. It was found that P. virgatum plants were producing the following types of shoots: vegetative-generative short or long rhizomatous ones (they appeared as in the underground part of a maternal shoot in «the area of shortened internodes» and in the base of its aboveground part); vegetative underground and aboveground ones (they are forming both in the axils of scales of the underground part of a maternal shoot and in the axils of cauline leaves); generative aboveground shoots (borne in the axil of cauline leaves). Morphological parameters and features of morphogenesis of reproduction, resting and secondary buds have been described. Conclusions. During flowering phase of maternal shoot, P. virgatum reproduction buds were on the organogenesis phase I–II, their bursting occured after maternal shoot has flowered. The correlation of internodes length, leave blades and sheaths has been established. The maximum values of the above parameters were observed in the middle part of the prefloral zone of the stem. In the context of introduction, panicle earing came in the third decade of July, flowering began in the first decade of August. It was revealed that complete flowers are bloomed faster than the staminate ones.

Purpose. To study the effect of weather conditions on grain quality in soft spring wheat lines that are undergoing competitive variety trial. To identify indices to be least affected by weather conditions. To investigate the correlation dependence between grain quality indices in the years with contrasting weather conditions and conduct the analysis of variance. Methods. Parameters of grain and flour quality of bread spring wheat lines were determined using conventional methods at the laboratory of grain quality of V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine, protein content in flour was measured with the use of the SPECTRAN 119M device. Results. Contrasting weather conditions were considered including arid ones (2013) – that had negative effect on 1000 kernel weight, but at the same time positively influenced the averaged grain quality indices; with excess humidity (2014) – they resulted in decreasing of all technological indices; optimal ones (2015) – allowed to obtain maximum indices of grain and flour quality. Paired coefficients of correlation between different para­meters of grain and flour quality were calculated. The most number of strong and medium correlations was found in a dry year (33.3%), the smallest one – in a wet year (13.0%). Such indices as flour strength, dough dilution and protein content depended on the conditions of the growing year least of all. Grain-unit response was the most considerable to the humid conditions of the year. The analysis of variance showed that climatic conditions had significant effect on the quality indices of grain and flour. At the same time, an important genotypic component was revealed in indices of dough resilience (63%), bread volume and rating (61 and 53% respectively), the flour strength (42%), crude gluten quality (33%), bread porosity (30%). With climate variations, the genotypic conditionality of the content of protein and especially crude gluten was expressed insignificantly. Conclusions. When creating high quality cultivars, plant breeders should be guided by such indices as flour strength, dough resilience, gluten quality, bread volume and rating as only they are more genetically determined

Purpose. To reveal breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for the “number of grains per main ear” trait and identify genetic sources of increased combining ability for involving in hybridization. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Modern varieties of domestic (‘Virazh’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘Komandor’) and foreign (‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’, ‘Zhana’, ‘Explorer’) breeding were involved in crossing for a full (7´7) diallel scheme. Parents and F1 were studied in field conditions during 2014–2016. Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability has shown a significant advantage in varying of general combining ability (GCA) effects. The mean square of specific combining ability (SCA) was significantly less than the GCA, but reliable throughout the years. The reciprocal effect was reliable only in 2014. Stably high effects of GCA during all years of investigations were noted in the varieties ‘KWS Aliciana’ (1.18–1.62) and ‘Virazh’ (1.33–1.48). The variety ‘KWS Bambina’ was characterized by lower but reliable positive effects of GCA (0.43–0.99) as compared to mentioned above. Non-allelic gene interaction was not found, that allowed to calculate the basic parameters of genetic variation. During all years of investigations, dominant effects of genes (H1 and H2) prevailed over the additive (D) ones in phenotypic expression of grain number per main ear. Mean degree of dominance in the experiment (H1/D) has shown overdominance. The same pattern was also distinctive for the index of mean degree of dominance in the loci . The dominance was reliably directed. Dominant effects of genes increased grain content, and recessive ones reduced it. At least 3–4 genes (groups of genes) have been revealed which determined the effects of dominance. At the same time, recessive genes (F<0) or gene effects were prevailed quantitatively in the varieties investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in broad sense (H2 = 0.98) has shown a significant determination of phenotypic variability with genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in narrow sense (h2 = 0.66–0.68) confirmed that despite the advantage of dominant effects over the additive ones, the contribution of the latter was also significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of dominant effects of genes in the phenotypic expression of the number of grains per main ear causes the need for sufficient sample size of hybrid material and points to the expediency of conducting a more “rigid” selection for phenotype in later generations. At the same time, the considerable contribution of additive effects and high values of heritability indices give reason to predict the efficiency of selections aimed at increasing the trait in created hybrid material. The varieties ‘Virazh’, ‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’ should be used as effective genetic sources to increase grain content in combination breeding.

Цель. Выявить закономерности уровня проявления урожайности сортов ячменя ярового во взаимодействии «генотип–среда» при испытании в разных экологичес­ких зонах Украины и выделить генотипы с повышенным адаптивным потенциалом.Методы. Объект исследований – 36 сортов ячменя ярового отечественной и зарубежной селекции. Сортоиспытания проведены в Мироновском институте пшеницы имени В. Н. Ремесло НААН Украины (МИП) (Центральная Лесостепь) в 2015–2017 гг., на Носовской селекционно-опытной станции МИП (НСОС) (Полесье) и Кировоградской государственной сельскохозяйственной опытной станции НААН (КГСХОС) (Северная Степь) в 2016–2017 гг. За три года исследований (2015–2017) получены результаты испытания сортов в семи средах. Делянки учетной площадью 10 м2 были заложены в трёхкратной повторности методом полных рендомизированных блоков, в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Статистический анализ экспериментальных данных проведен с использованием компьютерных программ Excel 2010 и Statistica 8.0. Для наглядной интерпретации взаимодействия «генотип–среда» использована GGE biplot модель.Результаты. Дисперсионный анализ данных урожайности засвидетельствовал достоверные вклады в общую вариацию среды – 64,64%, генотипа – 14,90% и их взаимодействия – 20,46%. Самой большой дифференцирующей способностью (информативностью) характеризировались условия МИП в 2016 г., наименьшей – условия КГСХОС в 2017 г. Наиболее репрезентативными были условия МИП в 2017 г. и НСХОС в 2016 г., наименее – в КГСХОС (2016 г.). Наиболее отдаленными между собой были условия МИП и КГСХОС в 2016 г. Визуализация GGE biplot «кто-где-победил» позволила разделить среды на два секторы: первый – условия МИП 2015–2017 гг. и НСОС 2016–2017 гг., второй – условия КГСХОС 2016–2017 гг. В первом секторе существенно превалировал сорт ‘МИП Мирный’, во втором – ‘Скарб’. Дифференцированы и выделены сорта ячменя ярового с наиболее оптимальным уровнем проявления урожайности в средах, наиболее близких к гипотетическому «идеальному» генотипу GGE biplot модели – ‘МИП Мирный’, ‘МИП Богун’, ‘Талисман Мироновский’, ‘МИП Азарт’, ‘Доказ’, ‘Пан’. Выводы. Моделирование многосредовых сортоиспытаний путем комбинирования контрастных по гидротермическим режимам годов и различных экологических условий с интерпретацией результатов исследований в соответствии с современными статистическо-графическими методами способствует более детальной характеристике взаимодействия «генотип–среда», ранжированию и выделению перспективных генотипов. | Purpose. To define the regularities of yield level for spring barley varieties in “genotype–environment” interaction when testing in different ecological zones environments of Ukraine and identify genotypes with increased adaptive potential. Methods. As object of the research there were 36 spring barley varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. Varieties were tested at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (MIW) (the Central Forest-Steppe) in 2015–2017, at Nosivka Plant Breeding Experimental Station of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (NPBES) (Polissia) in 2016–2017 and at Kirovohrad State Agricultural Experimental Station of NAAS (KSAES) (the Northern Steppe) in 2016–2017. During three years of the investigation (2015–2017), the results of varieties testing in seven environments have been obtained. Plots with discount area of 10 m2 were laid out with three replications by the method of full randomized blocks, in accordance with conventional methods. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed using Excel 2010 and Statistica 8.0 software. To interpret visually “genotype-environment” interaction the GGE biplot model was used. Results. The ANOVA of yield data showed reliable contributions into the total variation of environment (64.64%), genotype (14.90%), and their interaction (20.46%). Environmental conditions of MIW in 2016 were characterized with the highest discriminative fineness (informativeness), while KSAES in 2017 were characterized with the lowest one. Environmental conditions of both MIW in 2017 and NPBES in 2016 were the most representative; conditions of KSAES in 2016 were the least representative. The conditions of MIW and KSSGDS in 2016 were the most distant against each other. The GGE biplot “who-won-where” vizualization allowed to divide the environments in two sectors: the first – conditions of MIW 2015–2017 and NPBES 2016–2017, the second – conditions of KSAES 2016–2017. The variety ‘MIP Myrnyi’ had a significant advantage in the first sector, while the variety ‘Skarb’ had it in the second one. The varieties of spring barley ‘MIP Myrnyi’, ‘MIP Bohun’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘MIP Azart’, ‘Dokaz’, ‘Pan’ have been differen­tiated and defined as those with the optimal level of yield in environments being the closest to hypothetical “ideal” genotype of the GGE biplot model. Conclusions. Modelling of integrated variety testing by combining years being contrast in hydrothermal regime and different ecological conditions with interpretation of the investigation results using modern statistical and graphical method contributes to more detailed characterization of the “genotype–environment” interaction, ranking and identifying of prospecting genotypes. | Мета. Виявити закономірності рівня прояву врожайності сортів ячменю ярого у взаємодії «генотип–середовище» за випробування в різних екологічних зонах України та виділити генотипи з підвищеним адаптивним потенціалом.Методи. Об’єкт досліджень – 36 сортів ячменю ярого вітчизняної та зарубіжної селекції. Сортовипробування проведено в Миронівському інституті пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України (МІП) (Центральний Лісостеп) у 2015–2017 рр., на Носівській селекційно-дослідній станції МІП (НСДС) (Полісся) та на Кіровоградській державній сільськогосподарській дослідній станції НААН (КДСГДС) (Північний Степ) у 2016–2017 рр. За три роки досліджень (2015–2017) отримано результати випробування сортів у семи середовищах. Ділянки обліковою площею 10 м2 закладали у триразовій повторності методом повних рендомізованих блоків, відповідно до загальноприйнятих методик. Статистичний аналіз експериментальних даних проведено з використанням комп’ютерних програм Excel 2010 і Statistica 8.0. Для наочної інтерпретації взаємодії «генотип–середовище» використано GGE biplot модель.Результати. Дисперсійний аналіз даних урожайності засвідчив достовірні внески у загальну варіацію середовища – 64,64%, гено­типу – 14,90% та їх взаємодії – 20,46%. Найвищою диференціювальною здатністю (інформативністю) характеризувались умови МІП у 2016 р., найнижчою – умови КДСГДС у 2017 р. Найбільш репрезентативними були умови МІП у 2017 р. і НСДС у 2016 р., найменш репрезентативними – у КДСГДС (2016 р.). Найвіддаленішими між собою були умови МІП та KДСГДС у 2016 р. Візуалізація GGE biplot «хто-де-переміг» дала змогу розподілити середовища на два сектори: перший – умови МІП 2015–2017 рр. і НСДС 2016–2017 рр., другий – умови КДСГДС 2016–2017 рр. У першому секторі суттєву перевагу мав сорт ‘МІП Мирний’, у другому – сорт ‘Скарб’. Диференційовано й виділено сорти ячменю ярого з оптимальним рівнем прояву врожайності в середовищах, найближчих до гіпотетичного «ідеального» генотипу GGE biplot моделі – ‘МІП Мирний’, ‘МІП Богун’, ‘Талісман Миронівський’, ‘МІП Азарт’, ‘Доказ’, ‘Пан’.Висновки. Моделювання багатосередовищних сортовипробувань шляхом комбінування контрастних за гідротермічним режимом років і різних екологічних умов з інтерпретацією результатів досліджень за сучасними статистично-графічними методами сприяє детальнішій характеристиці взаємодії «генотип–середовище», ранжируванню і виділенню перспективних генотипів.