Development and improvement of a female component of MS hybrids of sugar beet were carried out on the basis of the following methods: inereasing frequency of occurrence of sterility maintainers by means of preliminary saturation of the population with alleles of the x and z genes; the use, as a female form, of simple sterile hybrids from the crossing of sterile lines with unrelated O-types; and also the drawing in of complexes of valuable genes from materials of foreign origin.

Мета. Визначити поліморфізм мікросателітних локусів QTL-hotspot-регіону групи зчеплення 4, пов’язаного з толерантністю до посухи, у сортів нуту звичайного української селекції. Методи. Екстрагування та очищення ДНК з проростків ЦТАБ­методом; полімеразна ланцюгова реакція; горизонтальний гель­електрофорез; визначення розмірів продуктів ампліфікації за допомогою програми «Image J». Результати. Встановлено алельні комбінації мікросателітних локусів ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130 і STMS11 QTL­hotspot­регіону групи зчеплення 4 геному нуту. За локусами STMS11, NCPGR127 і NCPGR21, які виявилися неполіморфними в межах аналізованої вибірки сортів, детектовано по одному алелю; за ICCM0249 і TAA170 – по два; за TAA130 – три алелі, що вказує на їхню поліморфність. Висновки. Серед семи сортів нуту української селекції три мікросателітні локуси є неполіморфними, а саме: STMS11, NCPGR127 і NCPGR21. Ще три – поліморфними з двома алелями для локусів ICCM0249 і TAA170 і трьома для TAA130. За результатами аналізу сортів встановлено п’ять типів комбінацій алелів мікросателітних локусів ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130 і STMS11. У сорту ‘Пам’ять’ ідентифіковано унікальний для досліджуваної вибірки алель розміром 185 п. н. | Purpose. To determine the polymorphism of microsa­tellite loci of the QTL-hotspot-region of linkage group 4, associated with drought tolerance in Ukrainian chickpea varieties. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA from seedlings using the CTAB method; polymerase chain reaction; horizontal gel electrophoresis; determination of the size of amplification products using the “Image J” prog­ram. Results. Allelic combinations of microsatellite loci ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130, STMS11 of the QTL­hotspot­region of linkage group 4 of the chickpea genome were established. It was found that the loci STMS11, NCPGR127, NCPGR21 were not polymorphic within the sample of varieties analyzed, one allele was detected for each locus; two alleles were detected for the loci ICCM0249 and TAA170 and three alleles for the locus TAA130, indica­ting their polymorphism. Conclusions. Microsatellite loci STMS11, NCPGR127, NCPGR21 are non­polymorphic in seven Ukrainian chickpea varieties. Three loci are polymorphic with two alleles for ICCM0249 and TAA170 and three alleles for TAA130. According to the analysis of chickpea varie­ties, five types of allelic combinations of microsatellite loci ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130, STMS11 were established. An allele of 185 bp unique to the sample of cultivars studied was identified in the variety ‘Pamiat’

Outcomes of reciprocal crossings new Rye donor of super-short stem with electroidness Hl-3Hl-3elel and tall Rye Variety Viatka 2 are provided. The firs generation hybrids appeared to have a short stem with regular leaf blade. In the second generation the female parent effect of short stem domination was established, as well as complete domination of tall bushiness, long-spiked plants, increased number or grains in the ear. Weight of 100 grains in the ear made 22,79 і 29, 41% of the heterosis relative to the best parent. According to the results of the research of genetic and statistical parameters of F2 breeding characteristics plants with electoid leaf blade shape were selected.

Cordyceps is a diverse genus of insect pathogenic fungi, with about 180 accepted species, including some well-known ones used as ethnic medicine and/or functional food. Nevertheless, mitogenomes are only available for four members of the genus. The current study reports the mitogenome of Cordyceps blackwelliae, a newly described entomopathogenic fungus. The 42,257-bp mitogenome of the fungus encoded genes typically found in fungal mitogenomes, and a total of 14 introns inserted into seven genes, including cob (1 intron), cox1 (4), cox3 (3), nad1 (1), nad4 (1), nad5 (1), and rnl (3). RNA-Seq analysis revealed differential expression of mitochondrial genes and supported annotations resulting from in silico analysis. There was clear evidence for polycistronic transcription and alternative splicing of mitochondrial genes. Comparison among mitogenomes of five different Cordyceps species (i.e., C. blackwelliae, C. chanhua, C. militaris, C. pruinosa, and C. tenuipes) revealed a high synteny, with mitogenome size expansion correlating with intron insertions. Different mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed variable degrees of genetic differentiation among these species, but they were all under purifying selection. Mitochondrial phylogeny based on either nucleotide or amino acid sequences confirmed the taxonomic position of C. blackwelliae in Cordycipitaceae, clustering together with C. chanhua. This study promotes our understanding of fungal evolution in Cordyceps.

The peculiarities of ice-forming in the stems of 7 cultivars and forms of blackberry have been determined by means of the differential thermal analysis. The authors have established the possibility of controlling the acclimation and loss of frost- resistance by tissues caused by dehydration. The control is possible on the basis of the data about exothermal processes in the tissues.

The peculiarities of ice-forming in the stems of 7 cultivars and forms of blackberry have been determined by means of the differential thermal analysis. The authors have established the possibility of controlling the acclimation and loss of frost- resistance by tissues caused by dehydration. The control is possible on the basis of the data about exothermal processes in the tissues.

Quality of Spring Soft Wheat varieties listed in the State Register of Varieties of Ukraine for 2008, according to the grain quality indices (protein content, flour vigor, bread volume). Over 86% of Winter Wheat varieties bred by Ukrainian breeders are classified according to their quality to the strong and valuable, in contrast to 14 % of foreign varieties. This is the evidence of the Ukrainian breeding varieties ability to compete.

Yeast taxonomy and systematics have in recent years been dealt with intensively primarily by a small group of individual researchers with particular expertise. Amongst these was Johannes P. van der Walt, who had a major role in shaping our current understanding of yeast biodiversity and taxonomy. Van der Walt based his taxonomic studies not only on available cultures, but also by going into the field to isolate yeasts from various substrates. This pioneering work led to the discovery of many new genera and species, which were deposited in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) collections for future studies in taxonomy, genomics, and industrial uses. These treasures collected during more than 60 years provide an outstanding legacy to the yeast community and will continue to exist in his absence. This contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the current nomenclatural and taxonomic status of the yeast genera and species introduced by van der Walt during his career.

Results of systematization and morphological characteristics of two wheat species-bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and hard (Triticum durum Desf.) are given. Detail descriptions of 55 main varieties of bread wheat and 32 varieties of hard wheat arep- resented in table version. In practical application these result enable plant breeders, seed producers and variety testers to determine wheat varieties easily sinse it is method for morphological systematics of wheat.

Results of systematization and morphological characteristics of two wheat species-bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and hard (Triticum durum Desf.) are given. Detail descriptions of 55 main varieties of bread wheat and 32 varieties of hard wheat arep- resented in table version. In practical application these result enable plant breeders, seed producers and variety testers to determine wheat varieties easily sinse it is method for morphological systematics of wheat.

On the base of examinational institutions activity results summarizing by the Experts Council of State Variety Service, decision to recommend varieties for state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property for dissemination, state registration of the proprietary rights of intellectual property, to approve the List of Perspective for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2008 Varieties, to decline state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property, has been approved.

On the base of examinational institutions activity results summarizing by the Experts Council of State Variety Service, decision to recommend varieties for state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property for dissemination, state registration of the proprietary rights of intellectual property, to approve the List of Perspective for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2008 Varieties, to decline state registration of the proprietary right of intellectual property, has been approved.

The infection by phytoviruses and the productivity formation in the new varieties of winter bread wheat in the different years with virus damage were investigated. There were identified the varieties being more tolerant to the observed diseases, among these - the samples with different constituents of tolerance, which could be used in the breeding programs.

The infection by phytoviruses and the productivity formation in the new varieties of winter bread wheat in the different years with virus damage were investigated. There were identified the varieties being more tolerant to the observed diseases, among these - the samples with different constituents of tolerance, which could be used in the breeding programs.

The problems concerning selection of winter wheat and grain quality have been studied. It has found out the regularity of formation of technological values required in hybrid plants; questions of intensification of protein and gluten producing in grain; questions of their quality and inheritability in varieties. Key words: winter wheat, mass of 1000 seeds, protein and gluten contain, sedimentation, flour power, bread volume, heredity, selection steps, falling time.

The problems concerning selection of winter wheat and grain quality have been studied. It has found out the regularity of formation of technological values required in hybrid plants; questions of intensification of protein and gluten producing in grain; questions of their quality and inheritability in varieties. Key words: winter wheat, mass of 1000 seeds, protein and gluten contain, sedimentation, flour power, bread volume, heredity, selection steps, falling time.