Firstly in Ukraine as the result of resiprocal interbreedings of autotetraploid (2n=4x=32) / diploid (2n=2x=16) and diploid (2n=2x=16) / autotetraploid (2n=4x=32) four sintetic triploid (2n=3x=24) hybrid forms (611-91, 13-93, 14-93, 18-93) have been obtained. Spontaneous triploid nectarinum 166-80 has been shared out from diploid hybrid seedlings population. Tetraploid and triploid nectarinum forms are valuable sources for directoinal selection and making hybrids with the complex of new signs, which are difficult or impossible to receive on diploid level.

The studying results of drought resistance for introdused nectarine varieties in the conditions of South Coast of the Crimea have been given. Four varieties shoved high resistance to drought conditions during two years have been selected.

The agrobiological characteristics of immune to scab apple varieties developed in VNIISPK are given. The prospects of scab immunity and triploidy unification in one genotype are emphasized. The characteristics of the first immune to scab triploid apple varieties are given.

Methodical approaches to the cutting lettuce new varieties morphological characteristics grouping are found with regard to the botanical classification of the species. New morphological characteristics, used for new varieties of plants grouping and examination for distinctness are defined.

The fruit of apple scab immune hybrids, obtained from the targeted crossings for suitability for juice production, were estimated. The most perspective hybrids were selected. They are not inferior to the world juice cultivars in the basic technological characters (juice output), and even surpass them in a number of these characters (the content of SDS and P-active catechols in juice).

The problems concerning selection of winter wheat and grain quality have been studied. It has found out the regularity of formation of technological values required in hybrid plants; questions of intensification of protein and gluten producing in grain; questions of their quality and inheritability in varieties. Key words: winter wheat, mass of 1000 seeds, protein and gluten contain, sedimentation, flour power, bread volume, heredity, selection steps, falling time.

State of national recourses of Sown Lettuce is considered, as well as way of their formation. Methodological aspects of biological potential utilization of Sawn Salad (leaf, head, Rome, stem) are displayed to widen their assortment. Dependence of marginal potentially possible yield of the Sown Lettuce varieties on influence of the environmental causes has been established.

History of Winter Wheat breeding rise at the South of Ukraine since the end of XIX century till the beginning of October Revolution by the example of Breeding department at Odessa Research Field is represented. Odessa Research Field was established in 1894 to study the agrotechnics of agricultural crops, in particular, Winter Wheat. The Breeding department at Odessa Research Field was established in 8th of March, 1912, and headed by Private- Docent of Novorossiysk University, A.O. Sapegin. The main procedure applied in breeding was individual multifold selection of elite ears from the existing local blends and artificial crossing of lines selected to the purpose of improving economically valuable  characteristics and identifying the inheritance. Five years of breeding (1912-1917 pp.) resulted in creation of three Winter Wheat varieties: Kooperatorka (0194), Zemka (0158) and Stepniachka(0119). In 1918, the Council of People’s Commissars of USSR has parted the Breeding department of Odessa Research Field to independent Odessa agricultural breeding station recognizing development of plant varieties by the Department.

It is presented the description of garden pea new varieties which are included into the State Register of plant varieties, which are suitable for the dissemination in Ukraine in 2008 year, morphological features of the crop and its value, either food or dietetic plant.

It was studied the impact of mineral fertilizers on productivity and grain quality of wheat durum spring. Glassiness of grain, protein and gluten contain increase along with increase of doses of nitrogenous fertilizer. Maximum grain productivity was achieved by mineral fertilizers in combination on autumn fallow N60P60K60. after pea - N90P60K60